MODULE 3- PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN BEING

P INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES:

Northeastern Mindanao Colleges is committed to produce graduates who:

1. engage in lifelong learning and understand the need to abreast with the developments in
the field of practice;
2. communicate effectively;
3. work effectively and independently in multidisciplinary and cultural teams;
4. practice professional, social, and ethical attitudes, values and responsibilities; and
5. appreciate and value “Filipino historical and cultural heritage” and uphold constitutional
and statutory guarantees.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES / DEPARTMENTAL OBJECTIVES:

In pursuance of the above-stated mission, the objectives of the Bachelor of Secondary
Education are as follows:
1. acquire higher level literacy, communication, numeracy, critical thinking, learning and ICT
skills needed for lifelong learning;
2. demonstrate deep and principled understanding of how educational processes relate to
larger historical, social, cultural, and political processes;
3. manifest a meaningful and comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter they will teach;
4. apply a wide range of teaching processes skills including curriculum development, lesson
planning, materials development, educational assessment, and teaching approaches;
5. cultivate direct experience in the field/classroom (e.g . classroom observations, teaching
assistance, practice teaching);
6. demonstrate and practice the professional and ethical requirements of the teaching
profession;
7. reflect on the relationship among the teaching process skills, the learning processing in
the student, the nature of the content/subject matter, and the broader social forces
encumbering the school and educational processes in order to constantly improve their
teaching knowledge, skills, and processes; and
8. possess willingness and capability to continue learning in order to better fulfill their
missions as teachers.
In pursuance of the above-stated mission, the objectives of the Bachelor of Elementary
Education are as follows:
1. acquire basic level literacy, communication, numeracy, critical thinking, learning and ICT
skills needed for lifelong learning;
2. demonstrate deep and principled understanding of the learning processes and the role of
the teacher in facilitating these processes in their students;
3. manifest a meaningful and comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter they will teach;
4. cultivate direct experience in the field/classroom (e.g . classroom observations, teaching
assistance, practice teaching);
5. demonstrate and practice the professional and ethical requirements of the teaching
profession;
6. facilitate learning of diverse types of learners, in diverse types of environment, using a
wide range of teaching knowledge and skills; and
7. show creativity and innovative thinking of alternative teaching approaches and evaluate
the effectiveness of such approaches in improving student learning.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course includes understanding of spiraling basic science concepts and application of
science inquiry in Chemistry and Biology and the use of teaching strategies in elementary science,
development of instructional materials and assessment. Content topics in Chemistry include
Properties and Structures and Matter and Changes that Matter Undergo. In Biology, content
topics include Parts and Functions of Animals and Plants, Heredity: Inheritance and Variation,
Biodiversity and Evolution and Ecosystems.
ROGRAM OUTCOMES
INTRODUCTION:
Science in the early years (K to 12) is incorporated in the other subject areas to develop Healthy
Habits, Curiosity about the Self and Environment, Use of Basic Process Skills and Develop
Basic Scientific Knowledge and Concepts. In the upper grade levels from Grade 3 to Grade 6,
Science as a learning area include essential skills in Scientific Inquiry to include Designing
Simple Investigations, Using Appropriate Procedure and Tools to gather evidence, observe
patterns, determine relationship, draw conclusion and communicate ideas.
LESSON 1: PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN BEING (GRADE 3)

INTRODUCTION:

This module will introduce you to the human body the sense organs, major body organs and
how the different organ systems work together to keep you alive. Moreover, you will also learn
about the structure of male and female human reproductive system.

MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

In this module, you should be able to:

1. describe the human sense organs and how to take care of these organs
2. discuss the major body organs in human
3. describe the structure and functions of the male and female human reproductive
systems; and
4. explain how the different human organs systems work together.

LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES:

In this lesson, you should be able to:
1. describe the parts and functions of the sense organs of the human body;
2. enumerate healthful habits to protect the sense organs;
3. infer how healthful habits are helpful in protecting the sense organs

PRE-ASSESMENT:
Instructions:
A. Choose the correct answer by encircling the letter.
1. The outer protective covering of human body is known as
a. receptor
b. skin
c. layer
d. sensory cell
 2. The inner lining at the back of the eye known as
a. retina
b. iris
c. lens
d. cornea
3. Taste cells on our tongue that receive the stimulation of taste are known as
a. taste buds
b. cotton buds
c. receptor
d. tube
4. An organ which is the most important articulator of speech is
a. eyes
b. nose
c. tongue
d. face
5. The receptor that is sensitivity to light is called
a. georeceptor
b. chemoreceptor
c. baroreceptor
d. photoreceptor

LESSON MAP
Brain

Heart

Lungs
HUMAN MAJOR BODY ORGANS

Liver

Stomach

Smalll Intestines

Kidneys

Bones

Muscles
 CORE CONTENTS

ENGAGE: DELIBERATING THE CONCEPT OF REPRODUCTION

Activity #1: 4 PICS 1 WORD

Instruction: “4 Pics 1 Word”. Provide 1 word that best describes the 4 pictures on the space
provided.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

__________________________________ __________________________________
EXPLORE: EXPOUNDING THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN MAJOR BODY ORGANS

The human anatomy was studied as early as the 16th century by physicians like Andreas
Vesalius. Knowledge of the human anatomy and physiology is 1mportant in the treatment of
ailments that affect our body, and how to maintain a healthy and strong body. The major body
organs are parts of the complex body systems of a human being. An organ is a group of two or
more different tissues that work together and perform a certain function. In the study of sense
organs, the skin for example is composed of different tissues to perform its function as a sense
of touch.

Major Body Organs

1. The Human Brain

The brain is located in the head of our body. The head is covered by hair and the brain
is protected by the skull. The brain is the control center of the vital activities for survival
including responses to stimuli, emotions, learning abilities and talents. The brain is divided
into three parts: the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem.

The cerebrum is the largest part and has the brain centers that control thought
processes, speech, motor, touch, pressure, smell, hearing, vision, and facial recognition.
Generally, the right half of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body while the left side of
the cerebrum controls the right side of the body.

The second largest part of the brain, the cerebellum controls muscle coordination,
balance and normal body posture. When mountain climbing, the cerebellum receives signals
that are transmitted to the cerebrum and direct movements of the arms, hands, legs and other
parts of the body.

The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord. It has several parts: the midbrain,
pons and medulla oblongata. The midbrain contains relay stations of neurons and reflex
centers for involuntary actions. The hypothalamus in the midbrain maintains internal balance
such as water and blood pressure. The pons connects the two halves of the cerebellum and
links the cerebral cortex to the medulla. Functions like heartbeat, breathing, and sneezing are
regulated by the medulla. We can keep our brain healthy by eating balanced diet and avoiding
concussion from fall or blow in the head. A blood clot or narroWing of blood vessels may result
in stroke. Brain parts may be damaged resulting in Alzheimer 's disease, with symptoms like
losing memory. The drawing shows you the brain and its parts:

2. The Heart
The heart is located at the center of the chest cavity below the bone called sternum. It
is a hollow muscular organ about the size of your fist, yet a powerful part of your body in the
circulation of blood that carries nutrients from small intestines to body cells as well as in the
transport and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is an organ covered by a double
walled sac called the pericardium.

The heart has four chambers, the ventricles are the lower chambers and the atria (or
auricles) are the upper chambers. The two sides, left and right is divided by a septum.

A valve separates the chambers so that there will be no backflow of the blood. Blood
vessels such as the superior and inferior vena cavae, aorta, pulmonary artery and
pulmonary vein are connected to the heart chambers. The right atrium receives blood from
the large blood vessels, the veins from the upper parts of the body (superior vena cava) and
from the lower pans (inferior vena cava). The ventricles are involved in pushing the blood to
the lungs through the pulmonary vein and other parts of the body through the aorta.

Remember that blood in the heart flows in one-way direction only.

 One of the major causes of death in modern times is heart attack. Avoiding tobacco
smoking and choosing food with good cholesterol can help reduce cases of heart disorders.

3. The Lungs
The lungs are organs involved in breathing which fill most of the chest cavity. The two
lobes, right and left are protected by the rib cage. The bronchus that connects to the trachea
or windpipe branches into each lobe of the lung. Inside each lobe, the bronchioles end in
numerous tiny air sacs, the alveoli. Inside the alveoli are tiny blood vessels, the capillaries
where actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. An adult lung can hold up
to 6 liters of air but during quiet breathing only 0.5 liters is exchanged. During strenuous
exercise, more air is involve in the exchange but the lungs always hold about a liter of' air
keeping the lungs partially inflated. The lungs do not have muscles to support its breathing
function. A sheet of muscle, the diaphragm works in breathing.

What happens when a person gets one of the lungs punctured?

The lungs may be affected by severe smoking, and germs such as those that cause
tuberculosis, and pneumonia among others. We can take care of our lungs by limiting
exposure to pollutants in the air by using face mask, avoiding the area where there is smoking,
and exercising regularly to allow the lungs to work efficiently.
4. The liver, stomach and small intestines
The liver, stomach and small intestines are important body organs in the liver,
stomach and small intestines making food that we eat available to the di8lerent parts of the
body. These organs are found in our abdominal cavity. The liver is a lobed, large internal
body organ. Its principal function is to produce bile that is important in breaking fats into
droplets. Bile is not an enzyme. From the liver, the bile is stored M the gall bladder before it
is released in the small intestine. The stomach is an enlarged, muscular sac with thick walls
that can expand when full or contract when almost empty. Food chewed in the mouth moves
through the esophagus and reaches the stomach through contraction. When chewed food
enters the stomach, a valve closes to stop the backward How of food. What happens to the
food inside the stomach? Muscles in the walls of the stomach contracts to mix the partially
digested food. The inner walls of the stomach secrete gastric juices such as pepsin that acts
on protein and hydrochloric acid that provides an acidic content. Mechanical and chemical
digestion occurs for about four hours producing chyme. The small intestine is connected to
the stomach and chyme is completely digested as it moves in the long tube. The nutrients
from the digested food are absorbed by the timer fingerlike projections called villi along the
walls of the small intestine. Capillaries or small blood vessels transport the nutrients to
different body parts.
5. The Kidneys
We have a pair of kidneys, located at the back of the body cavity above to a on each
side of the y. hipbones. The kidneys look like a pair of bean seeds on each side of the body.
Each kidney has millions of nephrons, with highly coiled tubes and capillaries that filters the
blood and forms urine. Kidneys not only excrete substances, in oversupply but also regulate
the presence of substances in the blood. Some disorders of kidneys are formed stones or
crystals of minerals that block the disorders of kidneys that block the movement of urine.
Surgical removal of kidney stones may be needed to allow the kidneys to function well.
Kidney failure results from unfiltered blood which may require dialysis. Bacterial infection may
result swelling of the nephrons, a condition known as nephritis.
6. The bones and muscles
If humans have no bones and muscles can we stand, walk, or are part of our skeleton.
The major bones are the skull (bones of The head and face), the backbonesor the spinal
column, the 12 pairs of the hip bones and bones in our arms and legs. Bones have water,
protein and minerals. The living tissues of the bones are the bone cells, blood vessels, blood
cells. cartilages, fatty tissues and nerves. Name the' different types Qfbones. A person who
slipped or fell from the stairs may be asked bydoctor have bone to make sure there are no
fractures.

The white areas in the film are bones and the doctor may be able to tell us if there
was damage on pans that hit the ground. Many people suffer from bone damage due to
accidents in climbing, extreme running and even in sports. We can make our bones strong
by taking foods and drinks rich in phosphorus, calcium and Vitamin D. Regular exercise,
exposure to early morning sunlight, and maintaining good posture make our bones healthy.
What are some of the disorders of the bones?

Muscles are either attached to the bones (skeletal muscles), found in walls'of many
internal organs (smooth), and muscle that makes up the heart (cardiac). The muscles of the
legs and arms are voluntary muscles because you can control their movements as when you
swim, walk, write or pick up things. However, your heart muscles are involuntary, because
the heart beats without conscious effort. The major human muscles are also those found in
your face that moves the muscles of the neck that allow You to tum or lower your head,
muscles that pull your arms toward the chest, muscles of the abdomen, and muscles that
allow you to rotate your thigh. Where else do you /ind the major muscles? Some disorders
of the muscles are the painful muscle cramps usually in the legs, the reason why players
have to warm up before the game. Too much exercise or prolonged swimming may also bring
pain. Athletes prevent muscle injury by wearing proper shoes, clothes and protective
equipment. Muscles and bones enable us to move from one place to another.
EXPLAIN: Grasping the Concepts of Body Organs

Instruction: Identify each statements based upon their organ’s function.

Brain Heart Lungs Liver Stomach Intestines

Muscles Kidneys Bones

1. The control center of the vital activities for

survival including responses to stimuli,
emotions, learning abilities and talents.

2. It carries nutrients from small intestines to

body cells as well as in the transport and
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

3. Responsible for removing oxygen from the

air we breathe and transferring it to our
blood where it can be sent to our cells. Also
removing of carbon dioxide which we
exhale.
4. Detoxifying of harmful chemicals,
breakdown of drugs, filtering of blood,
secretion of bile and production of blood-
clotting proteins.
5. Its main purpose is digestion of food
through production of gastric juices which
break down, mix and churn the food into a
thin liquid.
6. Responsible for absorbing most ingested
food and absorption of water and
excretion of solid waste material.
7. Their function is to maintain the body’s
chemical balance by excreting waste
products and excess fluid in the form of
urine.
8. Producing a contraction that changes both
the length and the shape of the cell to
produce force and motion.
9. They support the body structurally,
protect our vital organs, and allow us to
move.
 EXTEND: VERIFYING MY KNOWLEDGE ON THE BODY ORGANS

Instruction: Make an activity for elementary students on parts and functions of human being.
Use the format below in designing an activity.

Name: ___________________________________ Date Conducted: ________________

Grade Level : _______________________________ Date Submitted: ________________

_______________________________
Title of Activity

Introduction:

Objectives:

Materials: (if any)

Procedure:
Table (if applicable)

Questions:

Conclusion/s:
 EVALUATE: REFLECTING MY IDEAS ON TEACHING SENSE ORGANS

Instruction: Identify at least three concepts for every body organ that was studied in this
lesson. Present this in a concept map using the space provided below.
ASSESSMENT

Instructions: Choose the correct answer by encircling the letter

1. Which body part is designed to move the blood around your body?
a. Lungs
b. Heart
c. Liver
d. Digestive System
2. The stomach, small intestines, and large intestines are all part of what?
a. Your kidneys
b. Your Lungs
c. The Excretory System
d. The Digestive System
3. Which organ is storage pouch for urine?
a. Lung
b. Heart
c. Liver
d. Kidneys
4. Which of the following tissue is made up of cells that can contract and relax?
a. Skeletal tissue
b. Muscle tissue
c. Connective tissue
d. Nervous tissue
5. Which of the following organs aid in protection against pathogens, excretion of
wastes, and body temperature regulation?
a. Skin
b. Bicep
c. Femur
d. Stomach
TOPIC SUMMARY:

• Manual separation is done to mixtures which components differ in size.

• Magnetic separation is a process that uses magnet to separate the magnetic component
from a nonmagnetic one.
• Filtration is a process that can separate suspended particles from the liquid.
• Decantation is a process of separating a mixture of liquids that differ in density.
• Evaporation process is used to separate a solute that has been dissolved in water.
• Freezing or cooling is a process of separating mixture used for mixtures composed of
two liquid components of different freezing points.

REFERENCE:

Bilbao, P., et.al (2019). Teaching Science in the Elementary Grades. Lorimar Publishing Inc.,

Houtz, B. (2008). Teaching Science Today. Shell Education Publishing Inc.

DepEd (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide. Retrieved on July 7, 2020 at

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Science-CG_with-tagged-sci-
equipment_revised.pdf