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Periodic Table
• The Progenitor Periodic Table
• First periodic table made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869.
• The Modern Periodic Table
• Differences to Mendeleev’s:
– 115 elements while for Mendeleev’s is 69.
– Mendeleev arranged the elements according to relative atomic
mass while today we arrange according proton number.
• Period – horizontal row of elements in periodic table.
• Group – vertical column of elements in periodic table numbered
from 0 to 10 Elements between Group II and Group III – Transition
metal.
Patterns in the Periodic Table
1. Electronic Structure
• Elements in same group has the same
number of valence shell electrons
which the amount is the same as the
group number.
• e.g. Group II has elements with valency
of 2 electron.
2. Charges On Ions
• The charges relates to the group number
and number of valence electrons.
• Elements on left side periodic table lose
electrons to form cation.
• Elements on right side periodic table gains
electrons to form anion.
• electrons depending on reacting element.
• Transition metals may form variable cation
of 2+ or 3+.
3. Bonding
Metals Non-metals
On the left side of periodic table On the right side of periodic table
• They are low density metals even lower than water due to
weak metallic bonding but their densities increases down
the group.
• They are found in combined form.
• Members of this group Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr,
Group Properties(Alkali Metals)
• Properties
• First transition series are all metals
• Transition elements have high melting points
• They have high density
• They have variable oxidation state, e.g. Iron (Fe) appear as Fe2+ or
Fe3+
• They form coloured compounds, e.g. CuSO4 is blue, FeSO4 is
green
• They form complex ions, e.g. MnO -, Manganate(VII) ions They act
as catalysts
Uses of Transition Elements