Chemicals

found in
DYES.
-According to the article by arTECA, people are
exposed to color psycology as soon as they are
born.

-colors also reflect the deeper character of a

person than simply following specific fashion
trend.

-colors have the power to reveals one’s FEELINGS,

EMOTIONS, IDENTITY and TASTE IN FASHION
-A CANADIAN STUDY FOUND OUT THAT 90% OF CONSUMER’S
FIRST IMPRESSION OF CLOTHES ARE BASED ON COLOR
ALONE.
 DYES
-organic compound that are widely used for
imparting color to textiles, they are produced
on either NATURAL or SYNTHETIC
resources. Unlike paint (pigments) they do
not build upon material’s surface but are
absorbed in the fiber’s pores.
IT IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING
REASON’S:
A. THE DYE MOLECULES ARE SMALLER THAN THE SIZE OF PORES OF THE
FIBERS. THE PLANAR SHAPE OF ITS MOLECULES WITH A LITTLE
THICKNESS HELPS IT TO SLIP INTO THE FIBER POLYMERS SYSTEM.

B. THERE ARE AFFINITY BETWEEN THE DYE AND THE FIBER DUE TO THE
FORCE OF ATTRACTION.

planar shape
THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF DYES
DIFFERENT TYPES
OF DYES
 There are things needed to consider in the
development of dyes, A specific type of dye
can only absorb in a specific type ot substrate
or textile. A dye should also have a greater
affinity to the substrate (a type of fabric)
than its medium (acid, base, water). Different
dyes also have a degree of permanence under
the end-use application, like stability to fading
upon exposure to water (water fast) and/or
sunlight (lightfast). Therefore, you should
know the different types of dyes and their
properties.
 Natural dye

-Are obtained from natural sources like

vegetable matter, mineral, insects or are
manufactured in the factory from
petrochemical feedstock
Examples;
 • Mauveine - first
synthetic dye made
from coal tar
• Indigo - brilliant blue color
made from fermented
leaves of a plant
• Red Lac dye - extracted from
lac, a resinous protective
secretion of a
timy insect
• Iron oxide- gives a
brown color
• Buff- derived from
ferrous sulfate
 Synthetic Dye
Acid Dyen (Anionic Dyes)
• Suitable substrate: polyamides like nylon and proteins like wool, silk. and leather.

• Acid dyes carry a negative charge (anionic) are used to polyamides and proteins that
carry a positive charge (cationic) during the dyeing process

• Applied in acidic conditions.

• Inexpensive, lightfast but not wet fast.

Example: Acid Black 1

Acid Black 1
 Basic Dyes (Cationic Dyes)
• Suitable substrates; polyacrylics
• Basic dyes carry a positive charge (cationic) are used to
polyacrylics that. carry a negative charge (antonic) during the
dyeing process
• The basic dyes derived their name from the fact
that they possess a cationic group.
• Good fastness and bright shades.
Example: Mauveine (first synthetic dye), Basic Red 18
Mauveine Basic Red 18
 Disperse Dyes
• Suitable substrates: Hydrophobic substrates like polyesters and acetate
• Involve dissolving the dye in a polymer matrix to form a solid-solid solution
• They are dispersed in water rather than fully dissolved to carry out the dyeing process
Blueberry

• Since polvesters are hydrophobic and have crystalline content, high temperature,
pressure, and carrier assistance lead to satisfactory dyeing.

Example: Disperse Blue 165

Disperse Blue 165
Dyes for cellulosic process
Blueberry
 DIRECT DYES
•Suitable substrates: cellulosic polymers like cotton, viscose rayon, and vegetable
fibers

•Water-soluble and applied in the absence of a binding agent, mordant

• Water-soluble and low fastness

•Gain proximity to the cellulose chain to maximize the effects of intermolecular

interactions
such as H- bonding

• Cheap, easy to apply but low fastness quality

• Add sodium chloride to accelerate absorption rate, sodium bicarbonate to warm

colors, and copper sulfate to cool colors
 VAT DYES
• Suitable substrates: cotton, linen, rayon
• Used to enhance wet fastness of cellulosic substrates (prevent color removal upon
water exposure
• Water-insoluble dye, but made soluble by the use of sodium hydrosulfite dissolved in a
sodium hydroxide
Blueberry

• Vat dyes: Name derived from the vatting process during application
• Sulfur dyes: Name derived from the essential use of sulfur in their
svnthesis
o: Expensive and also called hot water dyes
Example Vat Dye

Natural dye indigo

(dye for denim fabric)
 AZOIC DYES(NAPHTHOL DYE)
• Suitable substrates: cotton and nylon
• The color development takes place in a
coupling reaction between naphthol and diazo component
• Wet fast but low lightfast o Bright and high-intensity colors
• Also called cold water dyes
Example: Tie-dye (Fast dye or jobus)
Example: Tie-dye (Fast dye or jobus)

Fast dye
or
Jobus
 REACTIVE DYES
o Suitable substrates: natural and synthetic
cellulosic fibers
Undergo chemical reaction with cellulose to form a
covalent bond
o Excellent and bright wet-fast shades on
cellulosic fibers
Example: Reactive Blue 19
Reactive Dye

Reactive blue 19
 Color is a power which
directly influences the soul
-Wassily Kandinsky
THANK YOU!!!!