Experiment # 04

Transformer
RNEW 320
Submitted To: Prof. Wang

Submitted By:
Rakan Althaqfi A00627734

Rayan Althaqafi A00628755

Abdullah Alharbi A00616582

Abdulrahman Alazmi A00625308

 Experiment#4
Abstraction:

In this lab we will design Circuit using the transformer and verify the circuit using the equations
and the Multisim simulation. This experiment allows us to understand how to Design a Circuit
using the transformer and how can we use the transformer to step up and down the voltages.
Multisim environment is used to monitor the overall behavior of the circuit and results are
plotted using oscilloscope. We can also make the step down or step voltage transformer circuits
according to the requirement.

Objective:

The objective of this experiment is to begin to become familiar with the properties and uses of
the Transformers in circuits and engineering in general.

Equipment’s Required:

 Resistors
 Connecting wires
 Bread board
 Transformer
 Oscilloscope

Software Required:

1. Multisim

Introduction:

What is a transformer?

A transformer can be defined as a static device which helps in the transformation of electric
power in one circuit to electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. The voltage can
be raised or lowered in a circuit, but with a proportional increase or decrease in the current
ratings. In this article we will be learning about Transformer basics and working principle

Transformer – Working Principle

The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits
which is linked by a common magnetic flux. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are
electrically separate and inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance. The
working principle of the transformer can be understood from the figure below.
 As shown above the electrical transformer has primary and secondary windings. The core
laminations are joined in the form of strips in between the strips you can see that there are some
narrow gaps right through the cross-section of the core. These staggered joints are said to be
‘imbricated’. Both the coils have high mutual inductance. A mutual electro-motive force is
induced in the transformer from the alternating flux that is set up in the laminated core, due to
the coil that is connected to a source of alternating voltage. Most of the alternating flux
developed by this coil is linked with the other coil and thus produces the mutual induced electro-
motive force. The so produced electro-motive force can be explained with the help of Faraday’s
laws of Electromagnetic Induction as

e=M*dI/dt

If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flow in it and thus electrical energy is transferred
magnetically from the first to the second coil.

The alternating current supply is given to the first coil and hence it can be called as the primary
winding. The energy is drawn out from the second coil and thus can be called as the secondary
winding.

In short, a transformer carries the operations shown below:

1. Transfer of electric power from one circuit to another.

2. Transfer of electric power without any change in frequency.
3. Transfer with the principle of electromagnetic induction.
4. The two electrical circuits are linked by mutual induction.
 It works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction which states that “
the magnitude of voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux.”

It works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction which states that
“the magnitude of voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux.”

Types of Transformer
The various types are described below

1. Position of the windings concerning the core

 Core type
 Shell type

2. According to the transformation ratio or number of turns in the windings

 Step up
 Step down
 3. Types of services

 Power transformer
 Distribution transformer
 Instrument transformer
o Current transformer
o Potential transformer
o Auto-transformer

4. On the basis of the supply

 Single-phase
 Three-phase

Procedure:

Using Exponential Source:

 Build a circuit as illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure: Transformer circuit

 Run Select “National Instruments” – “Circuit Design Suite” - Multisim
 Select “place” – “components”
 Apply a voltage source with the voltage equal to 120V.
 Add a transformer with turn ratio 2:1
 Add a resistor as load to test the behavior of the transformer.
 Select the transient analysis from the simulate and analysis button to check the transient
response of the circuit.
 Analyze input and output waveform.
Schematic

Figure: Transformer circuit

Results:

Figure: Input and output Waveform

Conclusion:

To conclude it is stated that the blue waveform in the graph is the input waveform and the other
waveforms are output waveform you can clearly see that the amplitude of the input waveform is
higher than the output because the turn ratio of the transformer is 2:1 which means it is a step-
down transformer. So, the output voltages should be less than the input voltages
References:

1. https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-a-transformer.html
2. https://www.circuitstoday.com/transformer
3. https://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-transformer-definition-working-principle-of-transformer/