Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduc on

Precau onary and Safety Measures for Hydrometeorological Hazards

Learning Competency: • apply measures/interven ons before, during and a er hydrometeorological hazards (DRR11/12-IIc-d-34)

Tropical cyclones are hydrometeorological hazards characterized by strong winds and heavy rain. Every year, an average of 19
tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility and approximately 9-10 make landfall in the Philippines. This is because
the Philippines is located on the western rim of the Pacific Ocean, where most tropical cyclones pass. Tropical cyclones can have a
forecast lead me of 5 days. Below is a list of things that you can do before, during and a er the passage of this type of weather
disturbance.

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduc on

Thunderstorms are generally local storms produced by cumulonimbus clouds and are always accompanied by lightning and thunder,
usually with strong wind gusts, heavy rain and some mes with hail and/or tornado. Thunderstorms are typical in warm environments
like the tropics and may persist for 1 to 2 hours. Below is the list of things that you can to do before, during and a er a thunderstorm
event.

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduc on

Flood is the overflowing of the normal confines of a stream or bodies of water, or the accumula on of water over areas that are not
normally submerged. Below is a list of things that you can to do before, during and a er a flooding event. While flooding may last
days or even weeks, Flash Floods are also caused by heavy precipita on in a short period of me, usually less than 6 hours.

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduc on

Storm surge is the rise and onshore surge of seawater as the result primarily of the winds of a tropical cyclone, and secondarily of
the surface pressure drop near the center of the tropical cyclone. The height of storm surge is dependent on the size, intensity and
movement of the tropical cyclone, shape of the coastline as well as nearshore underwater topography and astronomical des. Below
is a list of things that you can to do before, during and a er a storm surge event.

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduc on

EXTREME CLIMATE EVENT: EL NIÑO El Niño is a significant increase in ocean temperature over the eastern and central Pacific ocean.
It occurs at irregular intervals ranging from 2-7 years usually developing in the early months of the year and decay the following year.
In the Philippines, El Niño condi ons are o en characterized by dry and warm-hot events. Below is a list of things that you can to do
before, during and a er a El Niño condi on.