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Portugal's medieval period is a story of independence, religious struggle, and territorial expansion. Here's a
closer look:

Reconquista and Birth of a Nation (11th-13th Centuries):

Portugal started as the County of Portugal, a fiefdom of the Kingdom of León.


D. Afonso Henriques (1128-1185) is considered the founder of Portugal. Through military victories against the
Moors and political maneuvering, he declared Portugal an independent kingdom in 1143.
The Reconquista, the centuries-long fight to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, became a defining
aspect of Portuguese identity. Major cities like Lisbon were captured during this period.
The Crown heavily relied on the nobility and military orders like the Knights Templar and the Order of Avis to
push back the Moors and establish control over the land.

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