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References: Pozar, Chapter 4.
Vendelin, Pavio, Rohde, Microwave Circuit Design, Chapter 4, 2ed.
13 Nov 2019
2s1617 ECE 113: COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS Revision March 20171
Where are we so far?
• Systems Level Approach
• We know how communication systems interact with
each other and how to determine the design
specifications of our communication system.
𝑉1 = 𝑉1+ + 𝑉1−
𝑉4 = 𝑉4+ + 𝑉4−
𝑉𝑁 = 𝑉𝑁+ + 𝑉𝑁−
13 Nov 2019 ECE 113: COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS 9
N-Port Parameters
• Consider an arbitrary N-port network
• At a specified port, a terminal plane is usually
defined, w/ equivalent incident and reflected
voltages/currents
• Terminal Planes are important in providing a phase
reference for the voltage/current waves
• At the Nth terminal, the total voltage and
current is given by:
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑛+ + 𝑉𝑛−
𝐼𝑛 = 𝐼𝑛+ − 𝐼𝑛−
• In matrix notation:
𝑉𝑁 = 𝑉𝑁+ + 𝑉𝑁−
• In matrix form:
−
𝑉𝑖
𝑆𝑖𝑗 = +อ
𝑉𝑗 +
𝑉𝑘 =0 for 𝑘≠𝑗
Pozar. Microwave Engineering. 4th ed. p. 179.
𝑽+𝟏
𝑽−
𝟏
𝑆22 = 𝑆11 = 0
𝑽+
𝟐
𝑽−
𝟐
𝑍0 = 50 Ω
Pozar. Microwave Engineering. 4th ed. p. 179.
𝑉1− 𝑉2−
𝑍0 = 50 Ω
50 + 8.56 ∥ 141.8 50
𝑉2− = 𝑉1+
50 + 8.56 ∥ 141.8 + 8.56 50 + 8.56
𝑉2−
𝑉1+
𝑆21 = + = 0.707 = 𝑆12 𝑉2+
𝑉1
𝑉1− 𝑉2−
𝑍0 = 50 Ω
[S ] = [S ] T
s =1 for all i = j
*
s
k =1
ki kj [ S ][ S ]H = [ S ]H [ S ] = I
N H
−conjugate transpose
s =0 for i j
*
s
k =1
ki kj
I − identity matrix
𝑉𝑖−
𝑆𝑖𝑗 = + อ
𝑉𝑗
𝑉𝑘+ =0 for 𝑘≠𝑗
𝑉𝑖−
𝑆𝑖𝑗 = + อ
𝑉𝑗
𝑉𝑘+ =0 for 𝑘≠𝑗
• Gain[loss] (in dB) = [-]20 log (0.5) = -[+]6 dB from one port
to another
• Power absorbed by the circuit:
Pin = Pin/4 + Pin/4 +Pabs, Pabs = Pin/2
Pozar. Microwave Engineering. 4th ed. p. 179.
V1 A B V2
I = C D I
1 2
• Equivalent ABCD parameters of cascaded 2-
port networks is the matrix multiplication of
ABCD matrices
o Makes it easy to get equivalent ABCD parameters for
cascaded networks
A1 B1 A2 B2
C C D2
1 D1 2
V1 A1 B1 A2 B2 V3
I = C
1 1 D1 C2 D2 I 3
• Since I2 = 0, then I1 = 0
∴C = 0
• Again, I1 = I2
∴D = 1
A =1 B = Z
C = 0 D = 1
• ABCD Parameters of common circuit
configurations can be derived in a similar way
• Once derived, a complex circuit can be considered as a
cascade of such common circuit configurations
Z1 Z1 Z 2
A = 1 + B = Z1 + Z 2 +
Z3 Z3
C= 1 Z2
D = 1+
Z3 Z3
13 Nov 2019 ECE 113: COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS 55
Conversion Between Parameters
• 2-Port parameters relate voltages and currents
at the ports of the network
or
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REVISED BY MA’AM GEMS
R
ADOPTED FROM SIR RAMI’S SLIDES