Data Science And Statistics

a. Data Analysis and Interpretation:

● Techniques for exploring and summarizing data sets.
● Descriptive statistics: mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation.
● Inferential statistics: hypothesis testing, confidence intervals.
● Exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques: histograms, scatter plots, box plots.
● Data preprocessing: cleaning, transformation, normalization.

b. Probability Theory:
● Fundamentals of probability: events, sample spaces, probability laws.
● Conditional probability and independence.
● Random variables and probability distributions: discrete and continuous
distributions.
● Expectation, variance, and higher moments.
● Central limit theorem and its applications.

c. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence:

● Supervised learning: regression, classification.
● Unsupervised learning: clustering, dimensionality reduction.
● Reinforcement learning and decision making.
● Neural networks and deep learning: architectures, training, optimization.
● Natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision applications.
● Model evaluation and validation techniques.

d. Statistical Modeling and Inference:

● Linear and nonlinear regression models.
● Time series analysis: forecasting, autocorrelation, seasonality.
● Generalized linear models (GLMs).
● Bayesian statistics: Bayesian inference, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
methods.
● Causal inference and experimental design.
● Survival analysis and reliability modeling.

e. Big Data Analytics:

● Challenges and opportunities in big data.
● Distributed computing frameworks: Hadoop, Spark.
● MapReduce paradigm and data parallelism.
● Scalable algorithms for big data processing.
● Real-time analytics and stream processing.
● Data privacy and ethics considerations in big data analysis.
f. Data Visualization Techniques:
● Principles of effective data visualization.
● Graphical representations: bar charts, line plots, pie charts.
● Heatmaps, scatter plots, bubble charts.
● Interactive visualization tools and dashboards.
● Geographic information systems (GIS) mapping.
● Visualization libraries and tools: Matplotlib, ggplot, D3.js.