5.1.

Manifestation of Filipino JAPANESE INVASION

Culture in Pre and Post 1941

Colonial Filipino Architecture - Japan launched a ​surprise attack​ on the
Philippines. They ​occupied Manila, set up a
Puppet Government. ​After fierce battles at
Values, Aspirations and Culture: Bataan and Corregidor.
Manifestation of Filipino Culture in
Pre-Colonial Filipino Architecture 1942
- American and Filipino troops ​were forced to
surrender.
First Filipinos:
1944
Malayan - American forces, under General McArthur
- first immigrants, primitive people, with no returned to the country,​ completing its
knowledge of agriculture, who lived by liberation by July 1945.
hunting and fruit gathering. Malays were
joined by a ​more advanced race from
INDEPENDENCE
Indonesia. These people merged, building
up in ​tribal systems known as the ​Barangay​.
1946
- The Philippines became independent.
Foreign Rule:
1986
- Date of People Power under President
1521 Marcos.
- The European explorer ​Ferdinand Magellan
landed in the Philippines.
Philippine Architecture

1564 1. The early period or Pre-Spanish Era

- Miguel Lopez De Legaspi, brought (8th - 15th Century)
Christianity and within 20 years, established
Spanish Control over all the inhabited areas, - Cave Dwelling
with the exception of the Muslim areas of - Tree Houses
Mindanao and Sulu. - Lean To
- Nipa Hut or Bahay Kubo
19th Century
- Spanish rule lasted, when it was challenged
by a growing nationalist movement inspired
by the Filipino writer Pait Jose Rizal.
- The ​Filipinos had believed that the United
States would give them Independence, but
they now saw the prospect of self -
government removed to the distant rule.

1935
- The ​United States gave the islands internal
self-government,​ and promised that they
would become independent in 10 years.
2. The early period or Pre-Spanish Era
(16th - 19th Century)

Hispanic Period 1521 - 1891

- Church, Basic Parts and Plan type,

Church type
- Cathedral
- Fortress Church
- Funeral Chapel
- Monastic
- Parish
- Piligrim
- Church Architectural Style
- Earthquake Baroque
- Fil-Hispanic Rococo
- Gothic Revival
- High Renaissance
- Hispanic Period
- Church Parts
- Filipino house SOCIO/CULTURAL
- Fort - Filipino natives intermarried with Chinese,
- Ivatan Stone House Japanese, Indians, many with Spaniards and
- Light House Later with Americans
- Maranao House
- Mosque Common Traits:
- Town plan, Plaza Complex - Hospitality
- Town plan, Fortress City - Respect to Elders
- Sentimental

Values:
- Pakikisama, sense of togetherness
- Utang na loob or debt of gratitude
- Hiya or kahihiyan

5.1.2. Manifestation of Filipino

Culture in Post-Colonial
Filipino Architecture

Values, Aspirations and Culture:

Manifestation of Filipino Culture in
Post-Colonial Filipino Architecture

AMERICAN REGIME: Beginning of 20th Century

(1505 - 1940’s )

Neo Classic Style (Americans)

- Technological advancement saw the
introduction of structural steel and reinforced
concrete as well as corrugated G.I. sheets for
roofing.
 - Ways of living also changed

Neo Classic Style (Filipino Architects)

- Carlos Baretto, Antonio Toledo, Tomas
Mapua and Juan Arellano. They were
government architects, and the official style
was neo-classic
- Roman columns dominates
- Landmarks of this era include the legislative
building, the Post Office, the Philippine
General Hospital and the Philippine Normal
College.

William Edward Parsons

Burnham
- June 19, 1872 - December 17, 1939
- Took a leading role in the creation of master
- Was an architect and city planner known for
plans for the development of a number of
his works in the Philippines during the early
cities, including Chicago, Manila, Baguio and
period of American colonization in the
downtown Washington, D.C. He also
country. He was a consulting architect to the
designed several famous buildings including
United States government from 1905 - 1914.
the Flatiron Building of triangular shape in
New York City, Union Station in Washington,
D.C., The Continental Trust Company
Building tower skyscraper in Baltimore (now
One South Calvert Building), and a number
of notable skyscrapers.

Juan Marcos Arellano y De Guzman

- April 25, 1888 - December 5, 1960
- Juan M. Arellano was a Filipino Architect,
best known for Manila’s Metropolitan Theater
(1935), Legislative Building (1926; now
houses the National Museum of Fine Arts),
the Manila Central Post Office Building
(1926), the Central Student Church (today
known as the Central United Methodist
Church, 1932), the old Jaro Municipal Hall
(1934) and the old Iloilo City Hall (1935) in
Iloilo, the Negros Occidental Provincial
Capitol (1936), the Cebu Provincial Capitol
(1937), the Bank of the Philippine Islands
Cebu Main Branch (1940), Misamis
 Occidental Provincial Capitol Building (1935),
Cotabato Municipal Hall (1940) and the
Jones Bridge.

POST WAR PERIOD (LIBERATION)

1945-1950
Tomás Bautista Mapúa
- December 21,1888 - December 22, 1965
1946
- Was a Filipino Architect , educator and
- The independent Philippines expressed its
businessman from the Philippines. He was
identity by implementing Modernism through
the founder and first president of the Mapúa
the utilizations of reinforced concrete, steel
Institute of Technology (MIT) together with
and glass, the predominance of cubic forms,
Civil Engr. Gonzalo T. Vales as co-founder
geometric shoes and cartesian grids, and
and founding dean of school and co-founder
absence of applied decoration.
and founding President of Central College of
the Philippines, after he established the
1947
school on February 25, 1925. He was the first
- A corps of architects and engineers were
registered architect in the Philippines and first
tasked to study the modern US and Latin
worked at the Philippine Bureau of Public
American capitals and formulate a plan for
Works.
manila.
- The Iglesia ni Cristo affirms to be the one
true church and the restoration of the original
church founded by Jesus, and that all other
Christian churches are apostates.INC
doctrine cites that the official registration of
the church with the government of the
Philippine islands on July 27, 1914 by Felix
Y. Manalo.
- During the american colonial period, over the
Philippines there were a variety of rural
anti-colonial movements, often with religious
undertones, and American protestant
missionaries introduced several alternatives
to the Roman Catholic Church, the
established church dringthe Spanish colonial
period.