A Study on Income and

Expenses of Students
(3 variables)

BHARATH M NAMBIAR
PES1202304787,MBA,
nambiar.bharath@gmail.com
2 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

SL.NO. CHAPTERS PAGE NO.

1 ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 LITERATURE REVIEW

4 METHODOLOGY

5 DATA ANALYSIS

6 CONCLUSION

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
3 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

ABSTRACT
The aim of this coursework is to examine the complex
relationship between student income and expenditure, which
often leads to financial hardship. The aim of this study is to
examine the variables affecting the financial status of students
by scrutinizing the sources of resources and expenditures of
the students. The main objective of the study paper is to
provide relevant insights that will enable regulators, financial
institutions, and academics to develop focused and supportive
policies.

The study uses mixed methods data collection combining

qualitative and quantitative interviews, and recruits
participants from a range of educational institutions to provide
a representative sample of students Information on
quantitative segment, source of income, housing, food,
transportation, utilities Information is gathered on and careful
evaluation of several expenditure categories such as,
education, etc. Qualitative research aims to delve into
financial decisions, coping strategies, and their impact on
student’s academic achievement and overall well-being.

The project seeks to enhance our understanding of student

finance by bridging the knowledge gap on the interplay
between income, expenditure and socioeconomics The aim of
4 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

the survey is to identify potential areas of contribution and

involved based on how students manage their money while
studying. But the impact of the research extends beyond the
academic world. Organizations need to step up their financial
literacy campaigns, and lawmakers can use the information to
develop more targeted, goal-directed financial aid programs.
The ultimate goal is to create an environment where the
student’s academic success is what matters, not their
relaxation.
5 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

INTRODUCTION

The main objective of this study is to examine the overall

trends in student income and expenditure. To analyze income
and expenses, we define and calculate "Income" and
"Expenses" simultaneously.
The term "income" means "the sum of all salaries, benefits,
interest, rent, and other income earned during the preceding
twelve months" Income for an individual or household is the
ability of a company to save and spend within a given
timeline; It is often described in terms of money. Income
earned during student life is funded for personal expenses
during enrollment or college years Student salaries can be
doubled.
1) Out-of-pocket money from parents
2) Paid self-employed people.

Spending is defined as "money sent to a third party or

business to pay for any goods or services that a person or
household may perform" All expenses for a college student
are expenses associated with their needs if of regular use
1)Many
2)Fuel/Passenger.
3)Additional costs like streaming services and parties.
6 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

LITERATURE REVIEW

 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF

STUDENTS
The main objective of the study is to describe the expenditure
and income of the students. In this context, income refers to
people’s personal income or pocket money. They charge for
food, transportation, and other expenses. In a model setting,
the relationship between the two factors is understood through
quantitative analysis. The nature of the symmetry deviation is
understood through the Carl Pearson skewness method. This
is done in an effort to better balance student debt and income.

 IMPACT OF STUDENT FINANCIAL

ATTITUDES ON DECISIONS RELATED TO
COLLEGE EXPENSES FOR LOW-INCOME
STUDENTS
The primary goal of this study is to provide more information
on how private education costs affect children from low- and
middle-income families. A private university with four
campuses is used in the study to examine student financial
attitudes and behaviors. Compared to wealthier students, low-
income students had a harder time coping, the study
concluded. The findings advised private colleges to promote
their students’ academic excellence and suggested
government financial aid legislation.
7 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

 STUDENT BUDGETING AND SPENDING

BEHAVIOUR
In the study, 42 PES University students were surveyed,
focusing on their financial and budgetary habits. A Google
form questionnaire was used for data collection. In a given
example, the unlikely, most likely convenient method has
been used. Students were found to be spenders on leisure and
lifestyle but overspend on shopping, transportation and school
fees In the case selection, it was found that gender and city
were the main factors a it shows the withdrawal.

https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2007222.pdf
 Budget Habits of College Students: An
Empirical Analysis of Expectations and
Realizations
In the scenario described earlier, students' actual spending,
expected spending, and the allocation between the two are all
examined. After forecasting monthly expenses, students were
required to maintain a three-month spending log. The same
approach was used when it came to student spending. We
identify factors affecting expected and actual values using
univariate correlation methods. Using this same technique,
debt spreads have also been used to examine how tightly a
student adheres to their personal budget. The results help
students see how to close the gap between positive and
negative budgetaryoutcomes.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
352800078_Budget_Habits_of_College_Students_An_Empiri
cal_Analysis_of_Expectations_and_Realizations
8 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

 Students’ consumption expenditures in

economic impact studies: assumptions revisited
in an input–output approach for Scotland
The impact of consumption on spending is the subject of this
study. It was possible to apply two principles of input and
output analysis, so that consumption and expenditure could be
made partly exogenous and partly attributable it is in the body
Demonstrations of bias skewed in favour of high schools
serving primarily neighbourhood students were held.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/
10.1080/21681376.2018.1428499
9 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

METHODOLOGY
 METHOD USED
Here, simple random sampling is the technique employed.

 "Reasons for conducting this study"

The main objective of this survey is to collect general
information about each student and find out the monthly
income and expenditure. They self-administer a questionnaire
asking for both their expenses and income. A series of
questionnaires distributed using Google Form is the data
collection tool. There are three main parts to the form:
1. Age of the person
2. Gender
3. Location of the

Of course, this varies from student to student depending on a

number of variables, e.g.
1) Location influences vehicle choice.
2) The house they leave influences their spending.
3) Accommodation expenses, such as rent, food, and other
expenses, and much more, if the student is from another state.

• The student income is as follows.

1) Equity/commodity markets
2) I got it on my own (YouTube).
3) Pocketing
4) Options available
• Students say things like the following:
1) Books, writings, and materials
2) Food
3) Clothing
10 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

4) Travel expenses

"Report on Results".
The theme of this book is divided into three parts.
a) Population survey
b) Study of income
C) cost analysis examination of the demographics
Table 1 shows the respondents’ profiles. In total, forty-one
students participated in this study. In terms of gender, 23
males or 56.1% of the total, 18 females or 43,9%. The age
distribution shows that the youngest age begins at 20 years
and ends at 24 years.
Table 1. Respondent’s profile (3 Variables)
Table 2. Table 2.
Income Source (no’s) (%) Income Source
Pocket Money 30 73.17% Pocket Money
Internship 8 19.51% Internship
Share Market 3 7.32% Share Market
Total 41 100% Total
Table 2. Table 2.
Income Source (no’s) (%) Income Source
Pocket Money 30 73.17% Pocket Money
Internship 8 19.51% Internship
Share Market 3 7.32% Share Market
Total 41 100% Total
Table 2. Table 2.
Income Source (no’s) (%) Income Source

b) The study of income is divided into two parts:

1) The Income Sources

2) The Income Level Analysis.
11 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

Revenue Source Analysis:

The students’ main source of income is pocket money as they

depend heavily on their parents to pay their fees. This is their
second source of income as their curriculum requires them to
complete an internship while in school. Many students
develop interest in banking and try to make money by buying
stocks in companies. Student income is shown in Table 2
below.

Table 2.
Income Source (no’s) (%)
Pocket Money 30 73.17%
Internship 8 19.51%
Share Market 3 7.32%
Total 41 100%

Revenue quantity analysis

• Considering that Table 2 above shows only the items for
which students receive income, it is clear that they have no
other sources. The income of the same students is as follows:-
In Table 3.
Table 3
Income (no’s) Minimum Maximum Mean Median SD
Pocket Money 30 1,000 12,000 6,300 6,000 2,911
Internship 8 5,000 8,000 6,500 6,500 1,118
Share Market 3 2,000 4,000 3,00 3,000 2,944
12 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

Analysis of cost levels

Table 4 shows the overall findings on student spending.
Table 4
Expenditure Minimum Maximum Mean SD
Item
Food 300 4000 2200 1419.55
Travel 100 2500 1138 1079.22
PG/Rent 6000 10000 7656 1743
13 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

CONCLUSION
A student’s monthly income or total credits are his income.
Where parental pocket money is the majority of student
money. Expenditure is an example of the total amount spent
or the amount deducted from income. Most of the money is
spent on a student’s accommodation and food. This study
presents a model of student expenditure using a basic random
sampling method. Approximately forty students each received
a series of questionnaires, in which data were collected and
analyzed to obtain detailed information on student income and
expenditure

The aim of the survey is to understand student spending and

saving patterns, which will include demographic, income and
expenditure analysis. In this example, many costs—food,
lodging, transportation, props, and so on—can be understood
through quantitative analysis. The data also shows savings or
no savings as almost all the money is spent in a month.
Students who are struggling financially should plan their
expenses and allocate a portion of their funds for unexpected
expenses. The savings are beneficial for emergency needs,
online self-study courses and study materials. Therefore,
managing income and expenses is an important step to help
students achieve greater knowledge and academic success.
14 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Garcia-Santillan, A., Zamora-Lobato, T., & Ramos-

Hernandez, J. J. (2019). Budget plan to manage income and
expenses in college students: Some features that explain
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[2] Bernardo-Sousa, M. F. (2014). Impact of student financial

attitudes on decisions related to college expenses for low
income students.

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Survey on the Assessment of the Current Actual Expenses
Incurred by Students on the Meals and Accommodation
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case of Asian university students. Asian Social Science, 10(2),
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15 A STUDY ON INCOME AND EXPENSES OF STUDENTS

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