2022 3 Ebs 8 Workbook 11 (20220502 )

2022년 고3 EBS 수능특강 영어 11강 WORKBOOK
본문 해석지
영문과 해석을 읽으며 문장의 의미를 파악합니다.
11강 - Gateway
Elinor Ostrom found that there are several factors critical Elinor Ostrom은 공유지 문제에 대한 안정
to bringing about stable institutional solutions to the 적인 제도적 해결책을 가져오는 데 중요한
몇 가지 요인이 있음을 알게 되었다.
problem of the commons.
She pointed out, for instance, that the actors affected by 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규
the rules for the use and care of resources must have the 칙의 영향을 받는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경
하는 결정에 참여할 권리가 있어야 한다고
right to participate in decision to change the rules.
지적했다.
For that reason, the people who monitor and control the 그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 감시하고 통
behavior of users should also be users and/or have been 제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나
모든 이용자에 의한 위임을 받았어야 한다.
given a mandate by all users.
This is a significant insight, as it shows that prospects are 이것은 중요한 통찰인데, 왜냐하면 그것이
poor for a centrally directed solution to the problem of 보여주기를, 국가 권력에서 나오는 공유지
문제에 대한 중앙 (정부) 지향적 해결책의
the commons coming from a state power in comparison
전망이 이용자가 개인적 책임을 지는 지역
with a local solution for which users assume personal 적인 해결책에 비해 열악하기 때문이다.
responsibility.
Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의

decision processes and that all users must be given access 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의
문제와 갈등을 해결하기 위한 지역 포럼에
to local forums for solving problems and conflicts among
참여할 권한이 주어져야 한다고 강조한다.
themselves.
Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 정치 기관들은
must allow users to devise their own regulations and 이용자가 자체 규정을 고안하고 독립적으로
준수할 수 있게 해야 한다.
independently ensure observance.
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WORKBOOK – Part 1 수능특강 영어 11강 - Gateway
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
영문을 보고 우리말 해석의 빈칸을 완성하시오.
1. Elinor Ostrom found that there are several factors critical to bringing about stable institutional
solutions to the problem of the commons.1)
Elinor Ostrom은 ______________ 문제에 대한 ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
는 데 ______________ 몇 가지 ______________이 있음을 알게 되었다.
2. She pointed out, for instance, that the actors affected by the rules for the use and care of
resources must have the right to participate in decision to change the rules.2)
예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규칙의 영향을 받는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경하는 결정
______________ 권리가 있어야 한다고 ______________.
3. For that reason, the people who monitor and control the behavior of users should also be users
and/or have been given a mandate by all users.3)
그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 ______________고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든
이용자에 의한 ______________을 받았어야 한다.
4. This is a significant insight, as it shows that prospects are poor for a centrally directed solution
to the problem of the commons coming from a state power in comparison with a local solution
for which users assume personal responsibility.4)
이것은 ______________ ______________인데, 왜냐하면 그것이 보여주기를, ______________에서 나오는 공유
지 문제에 대한 ______________ 해결책의 ______________이 이용자가 개인적 책임을 지는 지역적인 해결
책______________ 열악하기 때문이다.
5. Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic decision processes and that all users must
be given access to local forums for solving problems and conflicts among themselves.5)
Ostrom은 또한 ______________ 의사 결정 과정의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제와
______________을 해결하기 위한 지역 포럼에 ______________이 주어져야 한다고 ______________.
6. Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels must allow users to devise their own
regulations and independently ensure observance.6)
중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 ______________은 이용자가 자체 ______________을 ______________고
______________ ______________할 수 있게 해야 한다.
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Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
우리말 해석을 보고 영문의 빈칸을 완성하시오.
1. Elinor Ostrom은 공유지 문제에 대한 안정적인 제도적 해결책을 가져오는 데 중요한 몇 가지 요인이
있음을 알게 되었다.1)
Elinor Ostrom found that there are several ______________ ______________ to ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ to the problem of the ______________.
2. 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규칙의 영향을 받는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경하는 결정에 참

여할 권리가 있어야 한다고 지적했다.2)
She ______________ ______________, for instance, that the actors affected by the rules for the use and
care of resources must have the right to ______________ ______________ decision to change the rules.
3. 그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용자

에 의한 위임을 받았어야 한다.3)
For that reason, the people who ______________ and control the behavior of users should also be
users and/or have been given a ______________ by all users.
4. 이것은 중요한 통찰인데, 왜냐하면 그것이 보여주기를, 국가 권력에서 나오는 공유지 문제에 대한 중
앙 (정부) 지향적 해결책의 전망이 이용자가 개인적 책임을 지는 지역적인 해결책에 비해 열악하기
때문이다.4)
This is a ______________ ______________, as it shows that ______________ are poor for a ______________
______________ solution to the problem of the commons coming from a ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ a local solution for which users assume personal
responsibility.
5. Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제와 갈등을 해

결하기 위한 지역 포럼에 참여할 권한이 주어져야 한다고 강조한다.5)
Ostrom also ______________ the importance of ______________ decision processes and that all users
must be given ______________ to local forums for solving problems and ______________ among
themselves.
6. 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 정치 기관들은 이용자가 자체 규정을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할 수 있

게 해야 한다.6)
______________ ______________ at central, regional, and local levels must allow users to ______________
their own ______________ and ______________ ensure ______________.
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Part 3. 해석 연습
영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오.
1. Elinor Ostrom found that there are several factors critical to bringing about stable institutional
solutions to the problem of the commons.1)
2. She pointed out, for instance, that the actors affected by the rules for the use and care of
resources must have the right to participate in decision to change the rules.2)
3. For that reason, the people who monitor and control the behavior of users should also be users
and/or have been given a mandate by all users.3)
4. This is a significant insight, as it shows that prospects are poor for a centrally directed solution
to the problem of the commons coming from a state power in comparison with a local solution
for which users assume personal responsibility.4)
5. Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic decision processes and that all users must
be given access to local forums for solving problems and conflicts among themselves.5)
6. Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels must allow users to devise their own
regulations and independently ensure observance.6)
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Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
괄호 안에서 어법상 쓰임이 바른 것을 고르시오.
Elinor Ostrom found [what / that] there [is / are] several factors critical to [bring / bringing]
about stable institutional solutions to the problem of the commons.

She pointed out, for instance, [that / what] the actors [affecting / affected] by the rules for the
use and care of resources must have the right [participating / to participate] in decision
[changing / to change] the rules.

For that reason, the people [who / what] [monitor / monitors] and [control / controls] the
behavior of users should also be users and/or have been [giving / given] a mandate by all users.
때문이다.4)
This is a significant insight, as it shows [that / what] prospects are poor for a centrally directed
solution to the problem of the commons [come / coming] from a state power in comparison
with a local solution [which / for which] users assume personal responsibility.

Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic decision processes and that all users must
be [giving / given] access to local forums for [solve / solving] problems and conflicts among
themselves.

Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels must allow users [devising / to devise]
their own regulations and independently [ensure / ensuring] observance.
- 5 -
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.
(Elinor Ostrom / that / found) (to / stable / the problem / solutions / there / of / institutional /
are / several / the commons / bringing about / critical / factors / to)

(pointed out / she), for instance, that (for / of / the actors / resources / the rules / by /
affected / care / the use / and) (the rules / must / decision / have / to change / the right / to
participate in).

(for / that / reason), (the behavior / the people / users / control / monitor / who / and / of)
(and/or / been / all / by / a mandate / should / given / users / also / users / have / be)
때문이다.4)
(a / this / is / significant / insight), (as / shows / it) (solution / poor / prospects / the commons
/ directed / the problem / are / coming from / to / a / a state power / that / of / for /
centrally) (in comparison with / solution / local / a) (assume / personal / responsibility / for
which / users)
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(Ostrom / processes / decision / emphasizes / democratic / of / the importance / also) and
(themselves / given / must / solving / and / access / users / all / local / that / problems /
conflicts / forums / be / among / to / for).

(institutions / central, / levels / political / at / regional, / local / and) (must / independently / to
devise / their own / and / users / observance / ensure / regulations / allow)
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Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
다음 주어진 문단을 바르게 배열하시오.
◆ 다음 글을 흐름상 알맞게 배열하시오.1)
(A) Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic decision processes and that all users
must be given access to local forums for solving problems and conflicts among themselves.
Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels must allow users to devise their own
regulations and independently ensure observance.
(B) Elinor Ostrom found that there are several factors critical to bringing about stable institutional
solutions to the problem of the commons. She pointed out, for instance, that the actors
affected by the rules for the use and care of resources must have the right to participate in
decision to change the rules.
(C) For that reason, the people who monitor and control the behavior of users should also be users
and/or have been given a mandate by all users. This is a significant insight, as it shows that
prospects are poor for a centrally directed solution to the problem of the commons coming
from a state power in comparison with a local solution for which users assume personal
responsibility.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
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Part 7. 영작 연습
다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 순서대로 사용하여 영작하시오.
1. Elinor Ostrom은 공유지 문제에 대한 안정적인 제도적 해결책들을 가져오는 데 중요한 몇 가지 요인

이 있음을 알게 되었다.1)
find, that, there, several, factor, critical, bring, stable, institutional, solution, commons
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
2. 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원들의 이용 및 관리 규칙들의 영향을 받는 행위자들에게 규칙들을 변경하는 결

정에 참여할 권리가 있어야 한다고 지적했다.2)
point out, instance, that, actor, affect, rule, care,

resource, must, have, right, participate, decision, change
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
3. 그러한 이유로, 이용자들의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용

자에 의한 위임을 받았어야 한다.3)
for, that, people, who, monitor, control, behavior, should, also, give, mandate, all
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ and/or ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
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앙 (정부) 지향적 해결책의 전망들이 이용자들이 개인적 책임을 지는 지역적인 해결책에 비해 열악하
기 때문이다.4)
significant, insight, as, show, that, prospect, poor, centrally, directed,
solution, commons, come, state, power, comparison, local, for, assume, responsibility
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
5. Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정들의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제들과 갈등

들을 해결하기 위한 지역 포럼들에 참여할 권한이 주어져야 한다고 강조한다.5)
also, emphasize, importance, democratic, decision, process,

that, all, must, give, access, local, forum, solve, conflict, among
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
6. 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원들의 정치 기관들은 이용자들이 자체 규정들을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할

수 있게 해야 한다.6)
political, institution, central, regional, local, level, must,
allow, devise, own, regulation, independently, ensure, observance
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
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본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 01
If simple observation were the only factor in determining 만약 단순한 관찰이 우리의 현실에 관한 지
our knowledge of reality, then nothing at all can be more 식을 결정하는데 있어서 유일한 요인이라면,
지구가 정지해 있다는 사실보다 더 확실한
certain than the fact that the Earth is stationary.
것은 결코 없다.
For thousands of years humankind has observed the 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관

turning of the stars and (apart from the odd earthquake) 찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하
고) 다른 모든 움직임을 관찰할 수 있는 고
has experienced the ground beneath its feet as a fixed
정된 지점으로서 자기 발밑의 땅을 경험해
point from which to observe all other movement. 왔다.
To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and turns 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는
on its axis on a daily basis is to move away from simple 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗
어나는 것, 즉 눈에 보이는 현상을 이론의
experience, to start to interpret what is seen in the light
관점에서 해석하기 시작하는 것이다.
of a theory.
Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that we 우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조
are hurtling through space. 적으로, 우리는 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진
하고 있다는 것을 ‘알고 있다’.
Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis for 따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학
any scientific theory. 이론에도 적합하지 않은 근거가 된다.
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WORKBOOK – Part 1 수능특강 영어 11강 - Exercise 01
1. If simple observation were the only factor in determining our knowledge of reality, then nothing
at all can be more certain than the fact that the Earth is stationary.1)
만약 단순한 ______________이 우리의 현실에 관한 지식을 ______________는데 있어서 유일한
______________이라면, 지구가 ______________ 있다는 사실보다 더 확실한 것은 결코 없다.
2. For thousands of years humankind has observed the turning of the stars and (apart from the
odd earthquake) has experienced the ground beneath its feet as a fixed point from which to
observe all other movement.2)
수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진______________) 다른 모든
움직임을 ______________ 수 있는 ______________ 지점으로서 자기 발밑의 땅을 경험해왔다.
3. To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and turns on its axis on a daily basis is to
move away from simple experience, to start to interpret what is seen in the light of a theory.3)
지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 ______________ ______________는 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어
나는 것, 즉 눈에 보이는 현상을 ______________ ______________ ______________기 시작하는 것이다.
4. Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that we are hurtling through space.4)
우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우주 공간을 가로질러 ______________다는 것
을 ‘알고 있다’.
5. Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis for any scientific theory.5)

따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학 이론에도 ______________ 근거가 된다.
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1. 만약 단순한 관찰이 우리의 현실에 관한 지식을 결정하는데 있어서 유일한 요인이라면, 지구가 정지
해 있다는 사실보다 더 확실한 것은 결코 없다.1)
If simple ______________ were the only ______________ in ______________ our knowledge of reality, then
nothing at all can be more certain than the fact that the Earth is ______________.
2. 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든

움직임을 관찰할 수 있는 고정된 지점으로서 자기 발밑의 땅을 경험해왔다.2)
For thousands of years humankind has observed the turning of the stars and (______________
______________ the odd earthquake) has experienced the ground beneath its feet as a ______________
point from which to ______________ all other movement.
3. 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어나는 것, 즉

눈에 보이는 현상을 이론의 관점에서 해석하기 시작하는 것이다.3)
To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ is to move away from simple
experience, to start to ______________ what is seen ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ a ______________.
4. 우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고 있다는 것

을 ‘알고 있다’.4)
Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that we are ______________ through space.
5. 따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학 이론에도 적합하지 않은 근거가 된다.5)

Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an ______________ basis for any scientific theory.
- 13 -
1. If simple observation were the only factor in determining our knowledge of reality, then nothing
at all can be more certain than the fact that the Earth is stationary.1)
2. For thousands of years humankind has observed the turning of the stars and (apart from the
observe all other movement.2)
3. To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and turns on its axis on a daily basis is to
move away from simple experience, to start to interpret what is seen in the light of a theory.3)
4. Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that we are hurtling through space.4)
5. Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis for any scientific theory.5)
- 14 -
If simple observation [were / will be] the only factor in [determine / determining] our knowledge
of reality, then nothing at all can be more certain than the fact [that / what] the Earth is
stationary.

For thousands of years humankind has observed the turning of the stars and (apart from the
odd earthquake) [have / has] experienced the ground beneath its feet as a fixed point from
which [observe / to observe] all other movement.

[Accept / To accept] [what / that] the Earth moves around the Sun and [turn / turns] on its axis
on a daily basis [is / are] [moved / to move] away from simple experience, [started / to start] to
interpret [what / that] is seen in the light of a theory.

Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ [what / that] we are hurtling through space.

Uninterpreted evidence [is / to be] therefore an inadequate basis for any scientific theory.
- 15 -
(our knowledge / simple / factor / were / of / the only / observation / reality / if / in /
determining), then (certain / more / the fact / be / than / can / nothing at all) (stationary / the
Earth / that / is).

(years / for / thousands / of) (the turning / has observed / the stars / humankind / of) and ((the
/ odd / apart from / earthquake)) (fixed / as / beneath / has experienced / a / its feet / the
ground / point) (movement / from which / to observe / all / other).

(that / moves around / to accept / and / the Sun / on a daily basis / turns on its axis / the
Earth) (experience / from / is / to move away / simple), (to interpret / a theory / the light / is /
what / seen / of / in / to start)

(of / the evidence / all / senses / against / our), (through / we / that / are / hurtling / ‘know’ /
we / space)

(is therefore / theory / scientific / evidence / inadequate / an / any / for / basis / uninterpreted)
- 16 -
(A) To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and turns on its axis on a daily basis is to
move away from simple experience, to start to interpret what is seen in the light of a theory.
(B) Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that we are hurtling through space.
Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis for any scientific theory.
(C) If simple observation were the only factor in determining our knowledge of reality, then nothing
at all can be more certain than the fact that the Earth is stationary.
(D) For thousands of years humankind has observed the turning of the stars and (apart from the
observe all other movement.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 17 -
simple, observation, factor, determine, knowledge, reality, nothing, certain, fact, that, stationary
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, then ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
2. 수천 년 동안 인류는 별들의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든

for, humankind, observe, turning, apart, odd, earthquake, experience,
ground, beneath, feet, fixed, point, from, observe, all, other, movement
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and (______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________) ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

accept, that, around, turn, axis, daily, basis, away, simple, start, interpret, what, see, light, theory
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
- 18 -
4. 우리의 감각들에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우리가 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고

있다는 것을 ‘알고 있다’.4)
against, all, evidence, sense, know, that, hurtling, through

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ‘______________’ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
uninterpreted, evidence, therefore, inadequate, basis, any, scientific, theory

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 19 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 02
In his 1967 book, Coopersmith first noticed a positive Coopersmith는 자신의 1967년 저서에서 최
relationship between self‑esteem levels in mothers and 초로 어머니와 자녀의 자존감 수준 사이에
정적 상관관계가 있음을 언급했다.
their children.
But Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of 그러나 Bednar, Wells 및 Peterson은 부모가
this factor by pointing out that parents actually show their 실제로 자신의 어려운 과제, 갈등 및 쟁점을
처리하는 방식을 통해 자녀에게 자존감에
children the route to self‑esteem by how they handle their
이르는 길을 ‘보여 준다’는 점을 지적함으로
own challenges, conflicts, and issues. 써 이 요소를 상당히 활용했다.
부모의 행동이 자녀의 자존감에 미치는 영

The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s 향은 부인할 수 없지만, 아이들의 미성숙함
self‑esteem is undeniable; given the immaturity of children, 을 감안할 때, 자존감 문제에 대한 부모 자
신의 해답을 표현하는 것은 그들이 말로 가
however, parents’ expression of their own resolution of the
르치는 것보다 훨씬 더 영향력이 있다.
self‑esteem question is far more influential than what they
teach verbally.
인생의 어려운 과제를 솔직하게 드러내 놓

Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly and 고 직시하고, 어려움을 피하는 대신 대처하
who attempt to cope with difficulties instead of avoiding 려고 시도하는 부모는 그렇게 함으로써 자
녀가 자존감 친화적인 문제 해결 전략을 일
them thereby expose their children early to a
찍 접하게 한다.
pro‑self‑esteem problem‑solving strategy.
어려운 일을 처리하는 것을 피하는 사람들

Those who avoid dealing with difficulties reveal a negative 은 삶의 어려운 과제와 문제를 다루는 데
route for handling the challenges and problems of life. 부정적인 길을 드러내 보인다.
어느 쪽이든, 모델이 되는 것은 건강한 자존

Either way, it is important to remember that modeling 감 혹은 그것에 관한 문제를 위한 장을 마
helps set the stage for healthy self‑esteem or problems 련하는 것을 돕는다는 것을 기억하는 것이
중요하다.
with it.
- 20 -
1. In his 1967 book, Coopersmith first noticed a positive relationship between self‑esteem levels in
mothers and their children.1)
Coopersmith는 자신의 1967년 저서에서 최초로 어머니와 자녀의 ______________ 수준 사이에 정적 상
관관계가 있음을 언급했다.
2. But Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of this factor by pointing out that
parents actually show their children the route to self‑esteem by how they handle their own
challenges, conflicts, and issues.2)
그러나 Bednar, Wells 및 Peterson은 부모가 실제로 자신의 어려운 ______________, 갈등 및 쟁점을 처
리하는 방식을 통해 자녀에게 자존감에 이르는 ______________을 ‘보여 준다’는 점을 지적함으로써 이
요소를 ______________ 활용했다.
3. The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem is undeniable; given the immaturity
of children, however, parents’ expression of their own resolution of the self‑esteem question is far
more influential than what they teach verbally.3)
부모의 행동이 자녀의 자존감에 미치는 영향은 ______________지만, 아이들의 ______________을 감안할
때, 자존감 문제에 대한 부모 자신의 ______________을 표현하는 것은 그들이 ______________ 가르치는
것보다 훨씬 더 ______________다.
4. Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly and who attempt to cope with difficulties
instead of avoiding them thereby expose their children early to a pro‑self‑esteem problem‑solving
strategy.4)
인생의 어려운 과제를 솔직하게 드러내 놓고 직시하고, 어려움을 피하는 대신 ______________려고 시도
하는 부모는 ______________ 자녀가 자존감 ______________ 문제 해결 전략을 일찍 접하게 한다.
5. Those who avoid dealing with difficulties reveal a negative route for handling the challenges and
problems of life.5)
어려운 일을 처리하는 것을 피하는 사람들은 삶의 어려운 과제와 문제______________는 데 부정적인
길을 드러내 보인다.
6. Either way, it is important to remember that modeling helps set the stage for healthy self‑esteem
or problems with it.6)
어느 쪽이든, 모델이 되는 것은 건강한 자존감 혹은 그것에 관한 문제______________는 것을 돕는다는
것을 기억하는 것이 중요하다.
- 21 -
1. Coopersmith는 자신의 1967년 저서에서 최초로 어머니와 자녀의 자존감 수준 사이에 정적 상관관계
가 있음을 언급했다.1)
In his 1967 book, Coopersmith first noticed a positive relationship between ______________ levels in
mothers and their children.
2. 그러나 Bednar, Wells 및 Peterson은 부모가 실제로 자신의 어려운 과제, 갈등 및 쟁점을 처리하는
방식을 통해 자녀에게 자존감에 이르는 길을 ‘보여 준다’는 점을 지적함으로써 이 요소를 상당히 활
용했다.2)
But Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made ______________ use of this factor by pointing out that
parents actually show their children the ______________ to self‑esteem by how they handle their
own ______________, conflicts, and issues.
3. 부모의 행동이 자녀의 자존감에 미치는 영향은 부인할 수 없지만, 아이들의 미성숙함을 감안할 때,
자존감 문제에 대한 부모 자신의 해답을 표현하는 것은 그들이 말로 가르치는 것보다 훨씬 더 영향
력이 있다.3)
The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem is ______________; given the
______________ of children, however, parents’ expression of their own ______________ of the
self‑esteem question is far more ______________ than what they teach ______________.
4. 인생의 어려운 과제를 솔직하게 드러내 놓고 직시하고, 어려움을 피하는 대신 대처하려고 시도하는
부모는 그렇게 함으로써 자녀가 자존감 친화적인 문제 해결 전략을 일찍 접하게 한다.4)
Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly and who attempt to ______________
______________ difficulties instead of avoiding them ______________ expose their children early to a
______________self‑esteem problem‑solving strategy.
5. 어려운 일을 처리하는 것을 피하는 사람들은 삶의 어려운 과제와 문제를 다루는 데 부정적인 길을

드러내 보인다.5)
Those who avoid ______________ ______________ difficulties reveal a negative route for handling the
challenges and problems of life.
6. 어느 쪽이든, 모델이 되는 것은 건강한 자존감 혹은 그것에 관한 문제를 위한 장을 마련하는 것을 돕

는다는 것을 기억하는 것이 중요하다.6)
Either way, it is important to remember that modeling helps ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ healthy self‑esteem or problems with it.
- 22 -
1. In his 1967 book, Coopersmith first noticed a positive relationship between self‑esteem levels in
mothers and their children.1)
2. But Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of this factor by pointing out that
challenges, conflicts, and issues.2)
3. The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem is undeniable; given the immaturity
of children, however, parents’ expression of their own resolution of the self‑esteem question is far
more influential than what they teach verbally.3)
4. Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly and who attempt to cope with difficulties
instead of avoiding them thereby expose their children early to a pro‑self‑esteem problem‑solving
strategy.4)
5. Those who avoid dealing with difficulties reveal a negative route for handling the challenges and
problems of life.5)
6. Either way, it is important to remember that modeling helps set the stage for healthy self‑esteem
or problems with it.6)
- 23 -
In his 1967 book, Coopersmith first [noticing / noticed] a positive relationship between
self‑esteem levels in mothers and their children.
용했다.2)
But Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of this factor by [point / pointing] out
[what / that] parents actually show their children the route to self‑esteem by how [do they
handle / they handle] their own challenges, conflicts, and issues.
력이 있다.3)
The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem [is / are] undeniable; given the
immaturity of children, however, parents’ expression of their own resolution of the self‑esteem
question is [very / far] more influential than what they teach verbally.
Parents [who / what] [face / faces] life’s challenges honestly and openly and [what / who]
[attempt / attempts] to cope with difficulties instead of [avoid / avoiding] them thereby expose
their children early to a pro‑self‑esteem problem‑solving strategy.

Those who [avoid / avoids] [dealing / to deal] with difficulties reveal a negative route for [handle
/ handling] the challenges and problems of life.

Either way, it is important to [remember / remembering] [that / what] modeling helps [set /
setting] the stage for healthy self‑esteem or problems with it.
- 24 -
In his 1967 book, (a / levels / and / relationship / mothers / Coopersmith / their children / first
noticed / between / in / self‑esteem / positive).
용했다.2)
But (factor / made / considerable / of / this / use / Wells, / Peterson / and / Bednar,) (pointing
out / self‑esteem / parents / their children / by / to / actually show / that / the route) (how /
they / issues / conflicts, / their own / challenges, / by / handle / and).
력이 있다.3)
(behavior / upon / the / the impact / parents’ / self‑esteem / child’s / undeniable / of / is);
(given / of / children / the immaturity), however, (their own / the / of / expression / resolution /
of / parents’ / self‑esteem / question) (more / is / teach verbally / they / what / than / far /
influential).
(openly / face / challenges / life’s / and / honestly / who / parents) and (to cope with / who /
attempt / difficulties / them / instead of / avoiding) (problem‑solving / to / pro‑self‑esteem /
strategy / their children / a / thereby expose / early).
- 25 -

(avoid / who / dealing with / difficulties / those) (negative / for / handling / life / the
challenges / problems / reveal / route / and / a / of)

Either way, (healthy / with / helps / important / modeling / to remember / set the stage for /
self‑esteem / or / problems / is / it / it / that).
- 26 -
(A) Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly and who attempt to cope with difficulties
instead of avoiding them thereby expose their children early to a pro‑self‑esteem
problem‑solving strategy.
(B) But Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of this factor by pointing out that
challenges, conflicts, and issues.
(C) The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem is undeniable; given the immaturity
of children, however, parents’ expression of their own resolution of the self‑esteem question is
far more influential than what they teach verbally.
(D) In his 1967 book, Coopersmith first noticed a positive relationship between self‑esteem levels in
mothers and their children.
(E) Those who avoid dealing with difficulties reveal a negative route for handling the challenges and
problems of life. Either way, it is important to remember that modeling helps set the stage for
healthy self‑esteem or problems with it.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 27 -
1. Coopersmith는 자신의 1967년 저서에서 최초로 어머니들과 그들의 자녀들의 자존감 수준들 사이에
정적 상관관계가 있음을 언급했다.1)
first, notice, positive, relationship, between, self‑esteem, level

In his 1967 book, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
2. 그러나 Bednar, Wells 및 Peterson은 부모들이 실제로 그들이 자신의 어려운 과제들, 갈등들 및 쟁점
들을 처리하는 방식을 통해 자녀에게 자존감에 이르는 길을 ‘보여 준다’는 점을 지적함으로써 이 요
소를 상당히 활용했다.2)
make, considerable, use, factor, point out, actually, show,
route, self‑esteem, lack, by, how, challenge, conflict, issue
But ______________, ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ that ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________, ______________ ______________.
3. 부모들의 행동이 자녀의 자존감에 미치는 영향은 부인할 수 없지만, 아이들의 미성숙함을 감안할 때,
자존감 문제에 대한 부모들 자신의 해답을 표현하는 것은 그들이 말로 가르치는 것보다 훨씬 더 영
향력이 있다.3)
impact, behavior, upon, child, self‑esteem, undeniable, given, immaturity,

children, expression, own, resolution, question, far, influential, what, verbally
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________; ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, however, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
- 28 -
4. 인생의 어려운 과제들을 솔직하게 드러내 놓고 직시하고, 어려움들을 피하는 대신 대처하려고 시도하
는 부모들은 그렇게 함으로써 그들의 자녀들이 자존감 친화적인 문제 해결 전략을 일찍 접하게 한다.4)
who, face, challenge, honestly, openly, attempt, cope, difficulty, instead,

avoid, thereby, expose, children, pro‑self‑esteem, problem‑solving, strategy
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
5. 어려운 일들을 처리하는 것을 피하는 사람들은 삶의 어려운 과제들과 문제들을 다루는 데 부정적인
길을 드러내 보인다.5)
those, who, avoid, deal, difficulty, reveal, negative, route, handle, challenge, problem
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
6. 어느 쪽이든, 모델이 되는 것은 건강한 자존감 혹은 그것에 관한 문제들을 위한 장을 마련하는 것을

돕는다는 것을 기억하는 것이 중요하다.6)
either, it, important, remember, that, modeling, help, set, stage, healthy, self‑esteem, problem
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 29 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 03
One way that a writer can create engaging and 작가가 매력 있고 재미있는 글을 창조해 낼
entertaining articles is by learning to identify, write and 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 일화를 찾아서, 쓰
고, 배치하는 것을 배우는 것이다.
place anecdotes.
These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites 이 간결하게 쓰인 짧은 이야기들은 한 편집
that one editor describes as the “chocolate chips” of 자가 글의 ‘초콜릿 칩’이라고 묘사하는 매우
맛있는 작은 한 입 거리이다.
articles.
They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy 그것들은 특집 기사에 못지않게 연설, 설교,
monologues and books as they are in feature stories. 코미디의 독백, 책에도 잘 맞아떨어진다.
They work well as leads, endings or illustrations scattered 그것들은 첫머리, 결말 또는 원고 전체에 흩
throughout a manuscript. They humanize dry data. 어져 있는 예화로서의 역할을 잘한다. 그것
들은 무미건조한 데이터를 인간화한다.
Example: An article about a major medical breakthrough 예를 들면 다음과 같다. 중요한 의학의 획기
may contain all sorts of important information, but the 적 발견에 대한 글에는 온갖 중요한 정보가
담겨 있을 수 있지만, 저자가 의학의 획기적
article becomes memorable when the author inserts an
발견으로 인해 생명을 건진 환자에 대한 일
anecdote about a patient whose life is saved because of 화를 집어넣을 때 그 글은 기억에 남게 된다.
the medical breakthrough.
People want to read about other people. Long after 사람들은 다른 사람들에 대해 읽기를 원한
readers forget the surprising statistics, compelling details 다. 독자들은 놀라운 통계 자료, 흥미진진한
세부 사항, 또는 이야기의 요점을 잊어버린
or key points of a story, they remember the colorful
지 오랜 후에도, 핵심 요점의 의미를 말하기
anecdotes that showed rather than told the significance of 보다는 보여 주었던 다채로운 일화를 기억
the key points. 한다.
- 30 -
1. One way that a writer can create engaging and entertaining articles is by learning to identify,
write and place anecdotes.1)
작가가 ______________고 ______________ 글을 창조해 낼 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 ______________ ______________아서,
쓰고, 배치하는 것을 배우는 것이다.
2. These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites that one editor describes as the
“chocolate chips” of articles.2)
이 ______________ 쓰인 짧은 이야기들은 한 ______________가 글의 ‘초콜릿 칩’이라고 묘사하는 매우 맛
있는 작은 ______________이다.
3. They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy monologues and books as they are in
feature stories.3)
그것들은 ______________에 못지않게 연설, ______________, 코미디의 ______________, 책______________도 ______________.
4. They work well as leads, endings or illustrations scattered throughout a manuscript. They
humanize dry data.4)
그것들은 ______________, 결말 또는 ______________ 전체에 ______________ ______________로서의 역할을 잘
한다. 그것들은 무미건조한 데이터를 ______________.
5. Example: An article about a major medical breakthrough may contain all sorts of important
information, but the article becomes memorable when the author inserts an anecdote about a
patient whose life is saved because of the medical breakthrough.5)
예를 들면 다음과 같다. 중요한 의학의 ______________에 대한 글에는 온갖 중요한 정보가 담겨 있을
수 있지만, 저자가 의학의 ______________으로 인해 생명을 건진 환자에 대한 일화를 ______________을
때 그 글은 ______________게 된다.
6. People want to read about other people. Long after readers forget the surprising statistics,
compelling details or key points of a story, they remember the colorful anecdotes that showed
rather than told the significance of the key points.6)
사람들은 다른 사람들에 대해 읽기를 원한다. 독자들은 놀라운 ______________, ______________ 세부 사
항, 또는 이야기의 요점을 잊어버린 지 오랜 후에도, 핵심 요점의 ______________를 말하기보다는 보여
주었던 다채로운 일화를 기억한다.
- 31 -
1. 작가가 매력 있고 재미있는 글을 창조해 낼 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 일화를 찾아서, 쓰고, 배치하는

것을 배우는 것이다.1)
One way that a writer can create ______________ and ______________ articles is by learning to
______________, write and place ______________.
2. 이 간결하게 쓰인 짧은 이야기들은 한 편집자가 글의 ‘초콜릿 칩’이라고 묘사하는 매우 맛있는 작은

한 입 거리이다.2)
These ______________ written mini‑stories are delicious little ______________ that one ______________
describes as the “chocolate chips ”of articles.
3. 그것들은 특집 기사에 못지않게 연설, 설교, 코미디의 독백, 책에도 잘 맞아떨어진다.3)

They ______________ as much ______________ ______________ ______________ speeches, ______________,
comedy ______________ and books as they are in ______________ ______________.
4. 그것들은 첫머리, 결말 또는 원고 전체에 흩어져 있는 예화로서의 역할을 잘한다. 그것들은 무미건조

한 데이터를 인간화한다.4)
They work well as ______________, endings or ______________ ______________ throughout a
______________. They ______________ dry data.
5. 예를 들면 다음과 같다. 중요한 의학의 획기적 발견에 대한 글에는 온갖 중요한 정보가 담겨 있을 수

있지만, 저자가 의학의 획기적 발견으로 인해 생명을 건진 환자에 대한 일화를 집어넣을 때 그 글은
기억에 남게 된다.5)
Example: An article about a major medical ______________ may contain all sorts of important
information, but the article becomes ______________ when the author ______________ an anecdote
about a patient whose life is saved because of the medical ______________.
6. 사람들은 다른 사람들에 대해 읽기를 원한다. 독자들은 놀라운 통계 자료, 흥미진진한 세부 사항, 또

는 이야기의 요점을 잊어버린 지 오랜 후에도, 핵심 요점의 의미를 말하기보다는 보여 주었던 다채로
운 일화를 기억한다.6)
People want to read about other people. Long after readers forget the surprising ______________,
______________ details or key points of a story, they remember the colorful anecdotes that showed
rather than told the ______________ of the key points.
- 32 -
1. One way that a writer can create engaging and entertaining articles is by learning to identify,
write and place anecdotes.1)
2. These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites that one editor describes as the
“chocolate chips” of articles.2)
3. They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy monologues and books as they are in
feature stories.3)
4. They work well as leads, endings or illustrations scattered throughout a manuscript. They
humanize dry data.4)
5. Example: An article about a major medical breakthrough may contain all sorts of important
patient whose life is saved because of the medical breakthrough.5)
6. People want to read about other people. Long after readers forget the surprising statistics,
rather than told the significance of the key points.6)
- 33 -

One way [that / what] a writer can create engaging and entertaining articles [is / are] by [learn /
learning] [identifying / to identify], [write / writing] and [place / placing] anecdotes.

These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites [what / that] one editor describes as the
“chocolate chips” of articles.

They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy monologues and books [as / than]
they are in feature stories.

They work well as leads, endings or illustrations [scattering / scattered] throughout a manuscript.
They humanize dry data.

Example: An article about a major medical breakthrough may contain all sorts of important
information, but the article becomes [memorable / memorably] when the author inserts an
anecdote about a patient [who / whose] life is saved [because of / because] the medical
breakthrough.

People want [reading / to read] about other people. Long after readers forget the [surprising /
surprised] statistics, compelling details or key points of a story, they remember the colorful
anecdotes [that / what] showed rather than told the significance of the key points.
- 34 -

(entertaining / can / way / articles / engaging / create / that / one / and / a writer) (learning /
place / to identify, / anecdotes / is / write / by / and)

(are / little / these / delicious / written / bites / mini‑stories / tightly) (editor / one / that /
“chocolate chips” / articles / the / as / of / describes)

(and / at / are / comedy / home / monologues / speeches, / they / much / in / as / books /
sermons,) (as / they / stories / in / are / feature)

(throughout / as / work / endings / a manuscript / they / illustrations / or / scattered / leads, /
well). (they / dry / data / humanize)
- 35 -

Example: (medical / major / about / an article / breakthrough / a) (contain / may / important /
all / information / of / sorts), but (memorable / becomes / the article) (an anecdote / the author
/ a patient / when / inserts / about) (the / saved / whose / medical / life / breakthrough / is /
because of).

(people / about / other / want / to read / people). (long / or / readers / a story / compelling /
of / statistics, / points / surprising / details / the / forget / after / key), (they / anecdotes /
remember / colorful / the) (key / of / points / the / the significance / told / rather than / that /
showed)
- 36 -
(A) People want to read about other people. Long after readers forget the surprising statistics,
rather than told the significance of the key points.
(B) One way that a writer can create engaging and entertaining articles is by learning to identify,
write and place anecdotes. These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites that one
editor describes as the “chocolate chips” of articles.
(C) They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy monologues and books as they are
in feature stories. They work well as leads, endings or illustrations scattered throughout a
manuscript. They humanize dry data.
(D) Example: An article about a major medical breakthrough may contain all sorts of important
patient whose life is saved because of the medical breakthrough.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 37 -
1. 작가가 매력 있고 재미있는 글들을 창조해 낼 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 일화들을 찾아서, 쓰고, 배치

하는 것을 배우는 것이다.1)
way, that, writer, create, engaging, entertaining, article, by, identify, place, anecdote
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
2. 이 간결하게 쓰인 짧은 이야기들은 한 편집자가 글들의 ‘초콜릿 칩들’이라고 묘사하는 매우 맛있는

작은 한 입 거리들이다.2)
tightly, mini‑stories, delicious, little, bite, that, one, editor, describe, article
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
“______________ ______________” ______________ ______________
3. 그것들은 특집 기사들에 못지않게 연설들, 설교들, 코미디의 독백들, 책들에도 잘 맞아 떨어진다.3)
as, much, home, speech, sermon, monologue, feature

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ as they
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
4. 그것들은 첫머리들, 결말들 또는 원고 전체에 흩어져 있는 예화들로서의 역할을 잘한다. 그것들은 무

미건조한 데이터를 인간화한다.4)
work, lead, ending, illustration, scatter, throughout, manuscript, humanize, dry

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
- 38 -

example, article, major, medical, breakthrough, may, contain, all, sort, important,
become, memorable, author, insert, anecdote, patient, whose, life, save, because of
______________: ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, but ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ when ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
6. 사람들은 다른 사람들에 대해 읽기를 원한다. 독자들은 놀라운 통계 자료, 흥미진진한 세부 사항들,

또는 이야기의 요점들을 잊어버린 지 오랜 후에도, 그들은 핵심 요점의 의미를 말하기보다는 보여 주
었던 다채로운 일화들을 기억한다.6)
want, other, forget, surprise, statistics, compelling, detail,

key, point, colorful, anecdote, that, show, rather, tell, significance
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
Long after ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
- 39 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 04
Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the (적어도 서양 세계에서) 최근 수십 년간 산
Western world, at least) from an industrial to a 업 사회에서 산업화 이후 사회로의 인식된
변화를 고려할 때, 정보경제 기업들이 물적
postindustrial society, the continued dependence of
기반 시설과 물체의 조작에 계속 의존하는
information‑economy firms on material infrastructure and 것은 역설적이지는 않다고 할지라도 놀라운
the manipulation of physical objects is surprising, if not 일이다.
paradoxical.
Despite repeated claims that the defining characteristic of 정보 사회의 아주 중요한 특성이 Wired 잡
the information society is “the displacement in our 지의 편집자 Kevin Kelly가 묘사한 것처럼
“우리 경제 체제 내에서 정보에 의한 물질
economy of materials by information,” as Wired magazine
의 대체”라거나, 혹은 MIT 교수 Nicholas
editor Kevin Kelly has described it — or, in the even more Negroponte의 훨씬 더 간결하고 기억에 남
concise and memorable words of MIT professor Nicholas 는 말로, “원자에서 비트로”의 불가피한 변
Negroponte, the inevitable shift “from atoms to bits” — 화라는 거듭된 주장에도 불구하고, 실제로
일어난 일은 우리의 물리적 환경과의 상호
what has in fact occurred is a massive increase in our
작용의 엄청난 ‘증가’이다.
interaction with our physical environment.
Information technologies allow humans to visualize, 정보 기술은 인간이 환경을 보다 효율적으로

explore, and exploit our environment more efficiently. 시각화하고 탐색하고 이용할 수 있게 한다.
We travel more (and more broadly), consume more (and 우리는 더 많이(그리고 더 널리) 여행하고,
more globally), pollute more (and more extensively). 더 많이(그리고 더 세계적으로) 소비하고,
더 많이(그리고 더 광범위하게) 오염시킨다.
The amount of material moving around the planet has 지구를 누비고 다니는 물자의 양은 최근 몇
increased dramatically in recent years, arguably as a direct 년 동안 급격히 증가했는데, 이는 아마 틀림
없이 디지털 혁명의 직접적인 결과 때문일
consequence of the digital revolution.
것이다.
In fact, this increase is not only enabled by information 사실, 이러한 증가는 정보 기술에 의해서 가
technology but required by it. 능해질 뿐만 아니라 그것에 의해 ‘요구되기’
도 한다.
- 40 -
1. Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the Western world, at least) from an industrial to
a postindustrial society, the continued dependence of information‑economy firms on material
infrastructure and the manipulation of physical objects is surprising, if not paradoxical.1)
(적어도 서양 세계에서) 최근 수십 년간 산업 사회에서 ______________ 사회로의 ______________ 변화를
고려할 때, 정보경제 ______________이 물적 ______________과 물체의 ______________에 계속 의존하는 것
은 ______________이지는 않다고 할지라도 놀라운 일이다.
2. Despite repeated claims that the defining characteristic of the information society is “the
displacement in our economy of materials by information,” as Wired magazine editor Kevin Kelly
has described it — or, in the even more concise and memorable words of MIT professor Nicholas
Negroponte, the inevitable shift “from atoms to bits” — what has in fact occurred is a massive
increase in our interaction with our physical environment.2)
정보 사회의 아주 중요한 특성이 Wired 잡지의 편집자 Kevin Kelly가 묘사한 것처럼 “우리 경제 체제
내에서 정보에 의한 물질의 ______________”라거나, 혹은 MIT 교수 Nicholas Negroponte의 훨씬 더
______________고 기억에 남는 말로, “______________에서 비트로”의 ______________ 변화라는 거듭된 주장
에도 불구하고, 실제로 일어난 일은 우리의 물리적 환경과의 상호 작용의 ______________ ‘증가’이다.
3. Information technologies allow humans to visualize, explore, and exploit our environment more
efficiently.3)
정보 기술은 인간이 환경을 보다 효율적으로 ______________고 탐색하고 ______________ 수 있게 한다.
4. We travel more (and more broadly), consume more (and more globally), pollute more (and more
extensively).4)
우리는 더 많이(그리고 더 널리) 여행하고, 더 많이(그리고 더 세계적으로) ______________고, 더 많이(그
리고 더 ______________) ______________.
5. The amount of material moving around the planet has increased dramatically in recent years,
arguably as a direct consequence of the digital revolution.5)
지구를 누비고 다니는 물자의 양은 최근 몇 년 동안 ______________ 증가했는데, 이는 ______________ 디
지털 ______________의 직접적인 ______________ 때문일 것이다.
6. In fact, this increase is not only enabled by information technology but required by it.6)
사실, 이러한 증가는 정보 기술에 의해서 ______________ 뿐만 아니라 그것에 의해 ‘요구되기’도 한다.
- 41 -
1. (적어도 서양 세계에서) 최근 수십 년간 산업 사회에서 산업화 이후 사회로의 인식된 변화를 고려할

때, 정보경제 기업들이 물적 기반 시설과 물체의 조작에 계속 의존하는 것은 역설적이지는 않다고 할
지라도 놀라운 일이다.1)
Given the ______________ shift in recent decades (in the Western world, at least) from an industrial
to a ______________ society, the continued dependence of information‑economy ______________ on
material ______________ and the ______________ of physical objects is surprising, if not ______________.
2. 정보 사회의 아주 중요한 특성이 Wired 잡지의 편집자 Kevin Kelly가 묘사한 것처럼 “우리 경제 체제
내에서 정보에 의한 물질의 대체”라거나, 혹은 MIT 교수 Nicholas Negroponte의 훨씬 더 간결하고
기억에 남는 말로, “원자에서 비트로”의 불가피한 변화라는 거듭된 주장에도 불구하고, 실제로 일어난
일은 우리의 물리적 환경과의 상호 작용의 엄청난 ‘증가’이다.2)
Despite repeated claims that the defining characteristic of the information society is “the
______________ in our economy of materials by information,” as Wired magazine editor Kevin Kelly
has described it — or, in the even more ______________ and memorable words of MIT professor
Nicholas Negroponte, the ______________ shift “from ______________ to bits” — what has in fact
occurred is a ______________ increase in our interaction with our physical environment.
3. 정보 기술은 인간이 환경을 보다 효율적으로 시각화하고 탐색하고 이용할 수 있게 한다.3)

Information technologies allow humans to ______________, explore, and ______________ our
environment more efficiently.
4. 우리는 더 많이(그리고 더 널리) 여행하고, 더 많이(그리고 더 세계적으로) 소비하고, 더 많이(그리고

더 광범위하게) 오염시킨다.4)
We travel more (and more broadly), ______________ more (and more globally), ______________ more
(and more ______________).
5. 지구를 누비고 다니는 물자의 양은 최근 몇 년 동안 급격히 증가했는데, 이는 아마 틀림없이 디지털

혁명의 직접적인 결과 때문일 것이다.5)
The amount of material moving around the planet has increased ______________ in recent years,
______________ as a direct ______________ of the digital ______________.
6. 사실, 이러한 증가는 정보 기술에 의해서 가능해질 뿐만 아니라 그것에 의해 ‘요구되기’도 한다.6)
In fact, this increase is not only ______________ by information technology but required by it.
- 42 -
1. Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the Western world, at least) from an industrial to
infrastructure and the manipulation of physical objects is surprising, if not paradoxical.1)
2. Despite repeated claims that the defining characteristic of the information society is “the
displacement in our economy of materials by information,” as Wired magazine editor Kevin Kelly
has described it — or, in the even more concise and memorable words of MIT professor Nicholas
Negroponte, the inevitable shift “from atoms to bits” — what has in fact occurred is a massive
increase in our interaction with our physical environment.2)
3. Information technologies allow humans to visualize, explore, and exploit our environment more
efficiently.3)
4. We travel more (and more broadly), consume more (and more globally), pollute more (and more
extensively).4)
5. The amount of material moving around the planet has increased dramatically in recent years,
arguably as a direct consequence of the digital revolution.5)
6. In fact, this increase is not only enabled by information technology but required by it.6)
- 43 -

Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the Western world, at least) from an industrial to
infrastructure and the manipulation of physical objects [is / are] [surprising / surprised], if not
paradoxical.
[Despite / Although] repeated claims [what / that] the defining characteristic of the information
society is “the displacement in our economy of materials by information,” as Wired magazine
editor Kevin Kelly has described it — or, in the [very / even] more concise and memorable words
of MIT professor Nicholas Negroponte, the inevitable shift “from atoms to bits” — what has in
fact occurred [is / are] a massive increase in our interaction with our physical environment.

Information technologies allow humans [visualizing / to visualize], [explore / exploring], and
[exploit / exploiting] our environment more efficiently.

We travel more (and more broadly), [consume / consumes] more (and more globally), [pollute /
pollutes] more (and more extensively).

The amount of material [moving / moved] around the planet has increased dramatically in recent
years, arguably as a direct consequence of the digital revolution.
In fact, this increase is not only [enabling / enabled] by information technology but [requiring /
required] by it.
- 44 -

(decades / perceived / given / in / recent / shift / the) ((Western / in / world, / the / at least))
(an industrial / to / from / a / society / postindustrial), (physical / firms / objects / the / and /
continued / infrastructure / of / on / surprising / is / the manipulation / of / material /
information‑economy / dependence), (if / paradoxical / not)
(repeated / despite / claims) that (defining / the information society / of / the / is /
characteristic) “(in / economy / of / the displacement / by / our / materials / information),” (has
described / it / Kevin Kelly / as / editor / Wired magazine) — or, (concise / even / professor /
MIT / memorable / and / more / the / Nicholas Negroponte / in / of / words), (inevitable /
“from atoms to bits” / shift / the) — (a / with / our / our / occurred / environment / increase /
is / in / has in fact / what / massive / physical / interaction).

(information / explore, / to visualize, / technologies / efficiently / humans / allow / exploit / and
/ our environment / more)

(consume / pollute / we / more (and more globally), / more (and more broadly), / travel / more
(and more extensively))
- 45 -

(material / has increased / around / recent / the planet / in / years / the amount / dramatically
/ of / moving), (as / consequence / of / the digital revolution / a / arguably / direct)
In fact, (technology / not only / by / this / enabled / is / required / by / information / but /
increase / it).
- 46 -
(A) Despite repeated claims that the defining characteristic of the information society is “the
displacement in our economy of materials by information,” as Wired magazine editor Kevin
Kelly has described it — or, in the even more concise and memorable words of MIT professor
Nicholas Negroponte, the inevitable shift “from atoms to bits” — what has in fact occurred is a
massive increase in our interaction with our physical environment.
(B) Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the Western world, at least) from an industrial to
infrastructure and the manipulation of physical objects is surprising, if not paradoxical.
(C) Information technologies allow humans to visualize, explore, and exploit our environment more
efficiently. We travel more (and more broadly), consume more (and more globally), pollute more
(and more extensively). The amount of material moving around the planet has increased
dramatically in recent years, arguably as a direct consequence of the digital revolution. In fact,
this increase is not only enabled by information technology but required by it.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 47 -

때, 정보경제 기업들이 물적 기반 시설과 물체들의 조작에 계속 의존하는 것은 역설적이지는 않다고
할지라도 놀라운 일이다.1)
given, perceive, shift, recent, decade, Western, least, industrial, postindustrial, continued, dependence,
information‑economy, firm, material, infrastructure, manipulation, physical, object, surprise, paradoxical
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
(______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________) ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
2. 정보 사회의 아주 중요한 특성이 Wired 잡지의 편집자 Kevin Kelly가 그것을 묘사한 것처럼 “우리 경
제 체제 내에서 정보에 의한 물질들의 대체”라거나, 혹은 MIT 교수 Nicholas Negroponte의 훨씬 더
간결하고 기억에 남는 말들로, “원자들에서 비트로”의 불가피한 변화라는 거듭된 주장에도 불구하고,
실제로 일어난 일은 우리의 물리적 환경과의 우리의 상호 작용의 엄청난 ‘증가’이다.2)
despite, repeated, claim, defining, characteristic, displacement, economy, material,
editor, describe, even, concise, memorable, word, professor, inevitable, shift,
atoms bits, what, fact, occur, massive, increase, interaction, physical, environment
______________ ______________ ______________ that ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ “______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,” as ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ —
or, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ MIT professor Nicholas Negroponte, ______________ ______________
______________ “______________ ______________ ______________ ______________” — ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
3. 정보 기술들은 인간들이 우리의 환경을 보다 효율적으로 시각화하고 탐색하고 이용할 수 있게 한다.3)
allow, human, visualize, explore, exploit, efficiently

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 48 -

travel, broadly, consume, globally, pollute, extensively

______________ ______________ ______________ (______________ ______________ ______________), ______________
______________ (______________ ______________ ______________), ______________ ______________ (______________
______________ ______________)

amount, material, move, planet, increase, dramatically,

recent, arguably, direct, consequence, revolution
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
increase, not only, enable, require
In fact, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 49 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 05
Hormones can act close to where they are made or a 호르몬은 그것이 만들어지는 곳 가까이서
long way away. 또는 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 작용할 수 있다.
Distance is not a problem: there just needs to be a fluid, 거리는 문제가 되지 않으며, 분비 장소와 작
such as blood, connecting the site of secretion with the 용 장소를 연결하는, 혈액과 같은 체액만 있
으면 된다.
site of action.
When they enter the blood, they are swept off to all parts 그것이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것은 신체
of the body, reaching everywhere the blood goes. 의 모든 부분으로 휩쓸려 들어가 혈액이 가
는 모든 곳에 도달한다.
But they may also act locally, within the vicinity of the 그러나 그것은 또한 세포외액 인근에서 국
extra‑cellular fluid. 소적으로 작용할 수도 있다.
For example, insulin is secreted into the blood by cells in 예를 들어, 인슐린은 혈당치가 상승할 때 췌
the pancreas when blood sugar levels rise. 장 안의 세포에 의해 혈액 속으로 분비된다.
It reaches the liver and muscles and makes them take up 그것은 간과 근육에 도달하여 그것들이 저
some sugar for storage or energy provision. 장이나 에너지 공급을 위해 약간의 당분을
받아들이게 한다.
At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas right 그와 동시에, 인슐린은 그것(인슐린)을 분비
next to the ones that secreted it, stimulating them to 한 세포 바로 옆에 있는 췌장 안의 세포에
영향을 미쳐, 그것이 다른 호르몬을 생성하
produce other hormones.
도록 자극한다.
These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far and 이들 호르몬은 혈당이 너무 많이 떨어지는
also inhibit further insulin secretion. 것을 막고 또한 더 이상의 인슐린 분비를
억제한다.
As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to the 그 결과, 인슐린 반응은 혈당 농도가 상승한
amount by which the sugar concentration has risen. 만큼의 양에 정확히 맞춰진다.
This combination of local and distant effects is one reason 이러한 국소적 효과와 원거리 효과의 결합
why sugar levels stay remarkably constant in most people 은 혈당치가 대부분의 경우에 대부분의 사
most of the time. 람들에게 매우 일정하게 유지되는 한 가지
이유이다.
- 50 -
1. Hormones can act close to where they are made or a long way away.1)
호르몬은 그것이 만들어지는 곳 가까이서 또는 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 ______________ 수 있다.
2. Distance is not a problem: there just needs to be a fluid, such as blood, connecting the site of
secretion with the site of action.2)
______________는 문제가 되지 않으며, ______________ 장소와 작용 ______________를 연결하는, 혈액과 같
은 ______________만 있으면 된다.
3. When they enter the blood, they are swept off to all parts of the body, reaching everywhere the
blood goes.3)
그것이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것은 신체의 모든 부분으로 ______________ 들어가 혈액이 가는 모든
곳에 도달한다.
4. But they may also act locally, within the vicinity of the extra‑cellular fluid.4)
그러나 그것은 또한 ______________액 ______________에서 국소적으로 작용할 수도 있다.
5. For example, insulin is secreted into the blood by cells in the pancreas when blood sugar levels
rise.5)
예를 들어, 인슐린은 ______________가 상승할 때 ______________ 안의 세포에 의해 혈액 속으로
______________다.
6. It reaches the liver and muscles and makes them take up some sugar for storage or energy
provision.6)
그것은 ______________과 근육에 도달하여 그것들이 ______________이나 에너지 ______________을 위해 약
간의 당분을 ______________게 한다.
7. At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas right next to the ones that secreted it,
stimulating them to produce other hormones.7)
그와 동시에, 인슐린은 그것(인슐린)을 분비한 세포 바로 옆에 있는 췌장 안의 세포에 영향을 미쳐,
그것이 다른 호르몬을 생성하도록 ______________.
- 51 -
8. These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far and also inhibit further insulin secretion.8)
이들 호르몬은 혈당이 너무 많이 떨어지는 것을 막고 또한 더 이상의 인슐린 ______________를
______________.
9. As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to the amount by which the sugar
concentration has risen.9)
그 결과, 인슐린 반응은 혈당 ______________가 상승한 만큼의 양에 정확히 맞춰진다.
10. This combination of local and distant effects is one reason why sugar levels stay remarkably
constant in most people most of the time.10)
이러한 국소적 효과와 원거리 효과의 결합은 혈당치가 대부분의 경우에 대부분의 사람들에게
______________ ______________게 유지되는 한 가지 이유이다.
- 52 -
1. 호르몬은 그것이 만들어지는 곳 가까이서 또는 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 작용할 수 있다.1)

Hormones can ______________ close to where they are made or a long way away.
2. 거리는 문제가 되지 않으며, 분비 장소와 작용 장소를 연결하는, 혈액과 같은 체액만 있으면 된다.2)
______________ is not a problem: there just needs to be a ______________, such as blood, connecting
the site of ______________ with the ______________ of action.
3. 그것이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것은 신체의 모든 부분으로 휩쓸려 들어가 혈액이 가는 모든 곳에

도달한다.3)
When they enter the blood, they are ______________ ______________ to all parts of the body,
reaching everywhere the blood goes.
4. 그러나 그것은 또한 세포외액 인근에서 국소적으로 작용할 수도 있다.4)

But they may also act locally, within the ______________ of the ______________ fluid.
5. 예를 들어, 인슐린은 혈당치가 상승할 때 췌장 안의 세포에 의해 혈액 속으로 분비된다.5)

For example, insulin is ______________ into the blood by cells in the ______________ when
______________ ______________ ______________ rise.
6. 그것은 간과 근육에 도달하여 그것들이 저장이나 에너지 공급을 위해 약간의 당분을 받아들이게 한다.6)
It reaches the ______________ and muscles and makes them ______________ ______________ some sugar
for ______________ or energy ______________.
7. 그와 동시에, 인슐린은 그것(인슐린)을 분비한 세포 바로 옆에 있는 췌장 안의 세포에 영향을 미쳐,

그것이 다른 호르몬을 생성하도록 자극한다.7)
At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas right next to the ones that secreted it,
______________ them to produce other hormones.
- 53 -
8. 이들 호르몬은 혈당이 너무 많이 떨어지는 것을 막고 또한 더 이상의 인슐린 분비를 억제한다.8)

These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far and also ______________ further insulin
______________.
9. 그 결과, 인슐린 반응은 혈당 농도가 상승한 만큼의 양에 정확히 맞춰진다.9)

As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to the amount by which the sugar
______________ has risen.
10. 이러한 국소적 효과와 원거리 효과의 결합은 혈당치가 대부분의 경우에 대부분의 사람들에게 매우
일정하게 유지되는 한 가지 이유이다.10)
This combination of local and distant effects is one reason why sugar levels stay ______________
______________ in most people most of the time.
- 54 -
1. Hormones can act close to where they are made or a long way away.1)
2. Distance is not a problem: there just needs to be a fluid, such as blood, connecting the site of
secretion with the site of action.2)
3. When they enter the blood, they are swept off to all parts of the body, reaching everywhere the
blood goes.3)
4. But they may also act locally, within the vicinity of the extra‑cellular fluid.4)
5. For example, insulin is secreted into the blood by cells in the pancreas when blood sugar levels
rise.5)
6. It reaches the liver and muscles and makes them take up some sugar for storage or energy
provision.6)
7. At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas right next to the ones that secreted it,
stimulating them to produce other hormones.7)
8. These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far and also inhibit further insulin secretion.8)
9. As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to the amount by which the sugar
concentration has risen.9)
10. This combination of local and distant effects is one reason why sugar levels stay remarkably
constant in most people most of the time.10)
- 55 -

Hormones can act close to where they are [made / making] or a long way away.
Distance is not a problem: there just [need / needs] [being / to be] a fluid, such as blood,
[connecting / connected] the site of secretion with the site of action.
3. 그것이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것은 신체의 모든 부분으로 휩쓸려 들어가 혈액이 가는 모든 곳에 도달한다.3)
When they enter the blood, they are [sweeping / swept] off to all parts of the body, [reaching /
reached] everywhere the blood goes.

But they may also [act / be acted] locally, within the vicinity of the extra‑cellular fluid.

For example, insulin is [secreting / secreted] into the blood by cells in the pancreas when blood
sugar levels rise.
It reaches the liver and muscles and [make / makes] them [take / to take] up some sugar for
storage or energy provision.

At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas right next to the ones [what / that]
secreted it, [stimulating / stimulated] them [produce / to produce] [another / other] hormones.

These hormones stop blood sugar from [fall / falling] too far and also [inhibit / inhibits] further
insulin secretion.

As a result, the insulin response is exactly [adjusting / adjusted] to the amount [which / by
which] the sugar concentration has risen.
This combination of local and distant effects [is / are] one reason why sugar levels stay
remarkably [constant / constantly] in most people most of the time.
- 56 -

(away / way / can / where / long / a / they / close / act / hormones / or / are / to / made)
(distance / not / a problem / is): (just needs / blood / a fluid, / there / such as / to be), (the
site / of / with / secretion / of / the site / action / connecting)
3. 그것이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것은 신체의 모든 부분으로 휩쓸려 들어가 혈액이 가는 모든 곳에

도달한다.3)
(they / the blood / when / enter), (the body / parts / all / of / to / swept off / they / are),
(reaching / goes / everywhere / the blood)

But (they / may / also act / locally), (of / the vicinity / extra‑cellular / the / within / fluid).

For example, (by / into / insulin / cells / the blood / secreted / in / is / the pancreas) (blood
sugar levels / rise / when).
(muscles / and / it / the liver / reaches) and (storage / sugar / energy / take up / makes / or /
them / provision / for / some).
- 57 -

(same / at / time / the), (in / cells / next to / affects / right / insulin / the ones / the pancreas)
(it / that / secreted), (to produce / other / hormones / stimulating / them)

(too / secretion / falling / far / these / from / hormones / blood sugar / and also / stop /
inhibit / insulin / further)

(result / a / as), (insulin / the / the amount / response / to / is / exactly adjusted) (the sugar
concentration / by which / has risen)
(of / local / effects / this / and / distant / combination) (people / most / why / constant / in /
the time / one / is / remarkably / most of / reason / stay / sugar levels)
- 58 -
(A) These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far and also inhibit further insulin secretion.
As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to the amount by which the sugar
concentration has risen. This combination of local and distant effects is one reason why sugar
levels stay remarkably constant in most people most of the time.
(B) For example, insulin is secreted into the blood by cells in the pancreas when blood sugar levels
rise. It reaches the liver and muscles and makes them take up some sugar for storage or
energy provision. At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas right next to the ones
that secreted it, stimulating them to produce other hormones.
(C) Hormones can act close to where they are made or a long way away. Distance is not a
problem: there just needs to be a fluid, such as blood, connecting the site of secretion with
the site of action. When they enter the blood, they are swept off to all parts of the body,
reaching everywhere the blood goes. But they may also act locally, within the vicinity of the
extra‑cellular fluid.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 59 -
1. 호르몬들은 그것들이 만들어지는 곳 가까이서 또는 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 작용할 수 있다.1)
act, close, where, make, long, way, away

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
distance, problem, there, just, need, fluid, such, blood, connect, site, secretion, action
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________: ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
3. 그것들이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것들은 신체의 모든 부분들로 휩쓸려 들어가 혈액이 가는 모든 곳

에 도달한다.3)
enter, sweep off, reach, everywhere, go
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
4. 그러나 그것들은 또한 세포외액 인근에서 국소적으로 작용할 수도 있다.4)
also, act, locally, within, vicinity, extra‑cellular, fluid

But ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
5. 예를 들어, 인슐린은 혈당치가 상승할 때 췌장 안의 세포들에 의해 혈액 속으로 분비된다.5)

insulin, secrete, cell, pancreas, when, blood sugar, level, rise
For example, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 60 -
6. 그것은 간과 근육들에 도달하여 그것들이 저장이나 에너지 공급을 위해 약간의 당분을 받아들이게
한다.6)
reach, liver, muscle, make, take up, some, sugar, storage, provision
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
7. 그와 동시에, 인슐린은 그것(인슐린)을 분비한 것들 바로 옆에 있는 췌장 안의 세포들에 영향을 미쳐,

그것이 다른 호르몬들을 생성하도록 자극한다.7)
affect, cell, pancreas, right, the one, that, secrete, stimulate, produce, other
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
8. 이들 호르몬들은 혈당이 너무 많이 떨어지는 것을 막고 또한 더 이상의 인슐린 분비를 억제한다.8)
stop, blood sugar, fall, too, far, also, inhibit, further, secretion
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
result, response, exactly, adjust, amount, by, sugar, concentration, rise

______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
10. 이러한 국소적 효과들과 원거리 효과의 결합은 혈당치들이 대부분의 경우에 대부분의 사람들에게
매우 일정하게 유지되는 한 가지 이유이다.10)
combination, local, distant, effect, reason, why, sugar,

level, stay, remarkably, constant, most, most of, time
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
- 61 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 06
As you go about your day, your eyes are open, and you 하루를 시작할 때, 여러분은 눈이 뜨이고 눈
effortlessly understand most of the information going into 으로 들어오는 정보 대부분을 쉽게 이해한다.
them.
It feels like the simplest thing in the world. 그것은 세상에서 가장 간단한 일 같아 보인다.
But, like the song “MMMBop” by Hanson, the apparent 그러나, Hanson의 노래 ‘MMMBop’처럼 외
simplicity is an illusion. 견상의 간단함은 착각이다.
The human vision system is really complex. 인간의 시각 체계는 정말 복잡하다.
It just doesn’t feel complicated because our conscious 우리의 의식이 최종적인 결과물을 제외한 (다
minds are spared just about everything except the final 른) 모든 것에는 수고를 면하게 되기 때문에
그것이 복잡하게 느껴지지 않을 뿐이다.
product.
It’s kind of like buying a jar of peanut butter. 그것은 땅콩버터 한 병을 사는 것과 다소

비슷하다.
It feels simple, but that’s because you don’t have to think 간단하게 느껴지지만, 그것은 여러분이 땅콩
about growing peanuts, harvesting them, shipping them to 의 재배, 그것의 수확, 가공 공장으로의 운
송, 땅콩버터 제조, 플라스틱 용기의 제작,
a processing plant, turning them into peanut butter, the
라벨 인쇄, 배송에 대해 생각할 필요가 없기
manufacture of a plastic container, the printing of the 때문이다.
label, and the shipping.
Your interface only needs to be a store and some money. 여러분의 접촉 영역은 상점과 약간의 돈이
면 된다.
Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys a rich interpretation 그와 유사하게, 여러분의 의식은 여러분 앞
of what’s in front of you without having to concern itself 에 있는 것에 대한 풍부한 해석을, 그것이
어떻게 생성되었는지에 대한 세부적인 내용
with the details of how it was generated.
에 관심을 가질 필요 없이 누린다.
But there’s a lot going on under the hood. 그러나, 그 이면에는 많은 것들이 진행되고
있다.
- 62 -
1. As you go about your day, your eyes are open, and you effortlessly understand most of the
information going into them.1)
하루를 ______________ 때, 여러분은 눈이 뜨이고 눈으로 들어오는 정보 대부분을 ______________ 이해한다.
2. It feels like the simplest thing in the world.2)

그것은 세상에서 ______________ 일 같아 보인다.
3. But, like the song “MMMBop” by Hanson, the apparent simplicity is an illusion.3)
그러나, Hanson의 노래 ‘MMMBop’처럼 ______________ ______________은 ______________이다.
4. The human vision system is really complex.4)

인간의 시각 체계는 정말 ______________다.
5. It just doesn’t feel complicated because our conscious minds are spared just about everything
except the final product.5)
우리의 ______________이 최종적인 결과물을 제외한 (다른) 모든 것에는 수고를 ______________기 때문에
그것이 ______________게 느껴지지 않을 뿐이다.
6. It’s kind of like buying a jar of peanut butter.6)

그것은 ______________버터 한 ______________을 사는 것과 다소 비슷하다.
7. It feels simple, but that’s because you don’t have to think about growing peanuts, harvesting
them, shipping them to a processing plant, turning them into peanut butter, the manufacture of
a plastic container, the printing of the label, and the shipping.7)
간단하게 느껴지지만, 그것은 여러분이 땅콩의 재배, 그것의 ______________, ______________ 공장으로의
______________, 땅콩버터 제조, 플라스틱 ______________의 ______________, 라벨 인쇄, 배송에 대해 생각할
필요가 없기 때문이다.
8. Your interface only needs to be a store and some money.8)

여러분의 ______________ 은 상점과 약간의 돈이면 된다.
9. Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys a rich interpretation of what’s in front of you without
having to concern itself with the details of how it was generated.9)
그와 유사하게, 여러분의 의식은 여러분 앞에 있는 것에 대한 풍부한 ______________을, 그것이 어떻게
______________었는지에 대한 세부적인 내용______________ 필요 없이 누린다.
10. But there’s a lot going on under the hood.10)

그러나, 그 이면에는 많은 것들이 ______________ 다.
- 63 -
1. 하루를 시작할 때, 여러분은 눈이 뜨이고 눈으로 들어오는 정보 대부분을 쉽게 이해한다.1)

As you ______________ ______________ your day, your eyes are open, and you ______________
understand most of the information going into them.
2. 그것은 세상에서 가장 간단한 일 같아 보인다.2)

It feels like the ______________ thing in the world.
3. 그러나, Hanson의 노래 ‘MMMBop’처럼 외견상의 간단함은 착각이다.3)

But, like the song “MMMBop” by Hanson, the ______________ ______________ is an ______________.
4. 인간의 시각 체계는 정말 복잡하다.4)

The human vision system is really ______________.
5. 우리의 의식이 최종적인 결과물을 제외한 (다른) 모든 것에는 수고를 면하게 되기 때문에 그것이 복
잡하게 느껴지지 않을 뿐이다.5)
It just doesn’t feel ______________ because our ______________ ______________ are ______________ just
about everything except the final product.
6. 그것은 땅콩버터 한 병을 사는 것과 다소 비슷하다.6)

It’s kind of like buying a ______________ of ______________ butter.
7. 간단하게 느껴지지만, 그것은 여러분이 땅콩의 재배, 그것의 수확, 가공 공장으로의 운송, 땅콩버터 제
조, 플라스틱 용기의 제작, 라벨 인쇄, 배송에 대해 생각할 필요가 없기 때문이다.7)
It feels simple, but that’s because you don’t have to think about growing peanuts, ______________
them, ______________ them to a ______________ plant, turning them into peanut butter, the
______________ of a plastic ______________, the printing of the label, and the shipping.
8. 여러분의 접촉 영역은 상점과 약간의 돈이면 된다.8)

Your ______________ only needs to be a store and some money.
9. 그와 유사하게, 여러분의 의식은 여러분 앞에 있는 것에 대한 풍부한 해석을, 그것이 어떻게 생성되

었는지에 대한 세부적인 내용에 관심을 가질 필요 없이 누린다.9)
Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys a rich ______________ of what’s in front of you without
having to ______________ ______________ ______________ the details of how it was ______________.
10. 그러나, 그 이면에는 많은 것들이 진행되고 있다.10)

But there’s a lot ______________ ______________ under the hood.
- 64 -
1. As you go about your day, your eyes are open, and you effortlessly understand most of the
information going into them.1)
2. It feels like the simplest thing in the world.2)
3. But, like the song “MMMBop” by Hanson, the apparent simplicity is an illusion.3)
4. The human vision system is really complex.4)
5. It just doesn’t feel complicated because our conscious minds are spared just about everything
except the final product.5)
6. It’s kind of like buying a jar of peanut butter.6)
7. It feels simple, but that’s because you don’t have to think about growing peanuts, harvesting
them, shipping them to a processing plant, turning them into peanut butter, the manufacture of
a plastic container, the printing of the label, and the shipping.7)
8. Your interface only needs to be a store and some money.8)
9. Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys a rich interpretation of what’s in front of you without
having to concern itself with the details of how it was generated.9)
10. But there’s a lot going on under the hood.10)
- 65 -

As you go about your day, your eyes are open, and you effortlessly understand most of the
information [go / going] into them.

It [feels / feels like] the simplest thing in the world.

But, [like / alike] the song “MMMBop” by Hanson, the apparent simplicity is an illusion.

The human vision system [is / to be] really complex.
It just doesn’t feel complicated [because of / because] our conscious minds are [sparing /
spared] just about everything except the final product.

It’s kind of like [buy / buying] a jar of peanut butter.
It feels [simple / simply], but that’s [because of / because] you don’t have to think about [grow
/ growing] peanuts, [harvest / harvesting] them, [ship / shipping] them to a processing plant,
[turning / turned] them into peanut butter, the manufacture of a plastic container, the printing of
the label, and the shipping.

Your interface only needs [being / to be] a store and some money.

Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys a rich interpretation of what’s in front of you without [have
/ having] to concern itself with the details of how [it was / was it] [generating / generated].

But there’s a lot [go / going] on under the hood.
- 66 -

(your day, / you / go about / as) (are / open / your eyes), and (most of / effortlessly
understand / the information / you / going / them / into).

(in / the / feels like / it / thing / simplest / the world)

But, (Hanson / like / “MMMBop” / by / the song), (an illusion / is / apparent / simplicity / the).

(the / is / complex / human / system / vision / really)
(just doesn’t / it / feel / complicated) (conscious minds / just about / everything / are / our /
spared / because) (except / final / the / product)

(buying / a jar of / it’s / kind / of / peanut butter / like)
- 67 -
(feels / simple / it), but (shipping / the printing / harvesting / the shipping / peanut butter, /
peanuts, / the label, / the manufacture / a processing plant, / you / to / of / that’s / a plastic
container, / think about / them / them, / of / don’t have to / into / because / and / growing /
them / turning).

(only needs / and / to be / money / interface / some / a store / your)

Similarly, (in front of / interpretation / you / your / rich / of / conscious mind / enjoys / a /
what’s) (the details / with / of / without / it / how / having to / concern itself / was /
generated).

But (a lot / the hood / going on / under / there’s).
- 68 -
(A) But, like the song “MMMBop” by Hanson, the apparent simplicity is an illusion. The human
vision system is really complex. It just doesn’t feel complicated because our conscious minds
are spared just about everything except the final product.
(B) It’s kind of like buying a jar of peanut butter. It feels simple, but that’s because you don’t have
to think about growing peanuts, harvesting them, shipping them to a processing plant, turning
them into peanut butter, the manufacture of a plastic container, the printing of the label, and
the shipping.
(C) Your interface only needs to be a store and some money. Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys
a rich interpretation of what’s in front of you without having to concern itself with the details
of how it was generated. But there’s a lot going on under the hood.
(D) As you go about your day, your eyes are open, and you effortlessly understand most of the
information going into them. It feels like the simplest thing in the world.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 69 -
1. 여러분이 여러분의 하루를 시작할 때, 여러분의 눈이 뜨이고 여러분은 그것들로 들어오는 정보 대부

분을 쉽게 이해한다.1)
go about, open, effortlessly, understand, most of, go

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
feel, like, simple, thing

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
like, apparent, simplicity, illusion

But, ______________ ______________ ______________ “MMMBop” ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

human, vision, really, complex
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
5. 우리의 의식들이 최종적인 결과물을 제외한 (다른) 모든 것에는 수고를 면하게 되기 때문에 그것이
복잡하게 느껴지지 않을 뿐이다.5)
just, complicated, because, conscious mind, spare, everything, except, final, product
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 70 -
kind, like, buy, jar, peanut

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
7. 그것은 간단하게 느껴지지만, 그것은 여러분이 땅콩들의 재배, 그것들의 수확, 그것들을 가공 공장으
로의 운송, 그것들을 땅콩버터로 제조, 플라스틱 용기의 제작, 라벨 인쇄, 그리고 배송에 대해 생각할
필요가 없기 때문이다.7)
simple, because, have to, about, grow, peanut, harvest, ship,
processing, plant, turn, manufacture, container, printing, label
______________ ______________ ______________, but that’s ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________.
interface, only, need, store, some

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

었는지에 대한 세부적인 내용들에 관심을 가질 필요 없이 누린다.9)
similarly, conscious mind, enjoy, rich, interpretation,

what’s, front, without, have to, concern, itself, detail, generate
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
there’s, a lot, go on, under, hood

But ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 71 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 07
Do you understand how a zipper works? How about a 여러분은 지퍼가 어떻게 작동하는지 이해하
flush toilet? 는가? 수세식 변기는 어떤가?
These objects seem basic enough. Knowing how they work 이 물건들은 꽤 간단한 것처럼 보인다. 그것
isn’t exactly rocket science. 들이 어떻게 작동하는지 아는 것은 고도의
지능이 요구되는 일은 전혀 아니다.
But people drastically overestimate their understanding of 그러나 사람들은 이러한 간단한 품목들이
how these simple items function. 어떻게 기능하는지에 관한 자신의 이해를
대단히 과대평가한다.
In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil asked people 한 연구에서, Leon Rozenblit와 Frank Keil은
to rate from one to seven how well they understood the 사람들에게 1에서 7까지의 척도로 자신들이
workings of such objects. 그러한 물체의 작동 방식을 얼마나 잘 알고
있는지 평가해 달라고 요청했다.
They then asked participants to actually explain in detail 그러고 나서 그들은 참가자들에게 그 물체
how the objects worked. Many were simply unable to do 가 어떻게 작동하는지 실제로 자세히 설명
해 달라고 요청했다. 많은 사람이 전혀 그렇
so.
게 할 수 없었다.
And so when asked to revisit the question of how well 그래서 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지에 관한 질문
they understood, subjects drastically lowered their ratings. 을 다시 논의하도록 요청받았을 때, 실험대
상자들은 자신의 평점을 급격히 낮췄다.
Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a similar 심리학자 Rebecca Lawson은 학생들에게 작

experiment where students were asked to explain, by 동 방식을 대략 그려서 자전거가 어떻게 작
동하는지 설명하도록 요구하는 비슷한 실험
sketching out the mechanism, how a bicycle works.
을 수행했다.
The results were striking — most people were unable to 결과는 놀라웠는데, 대부분의 사람은 자전거
complete the task, even though a bicycle is such a familiar 가 우리 일상생활에서 매우 익숙한 물건임
object in our daily lives. 에도 불구하고 그 과업을 완수할 수 없었다.
This phenomenon, of people thinking they know much 사람들이 실제보다 자신이 훨씬 더 많이 알
more than they actually do, has come to be known as the 고 있다고 생각하는 이 현상은 설명 깊이의
착각으로 알려지게 되었다.
illusion of explanatory depth.
- 72 -
1. Do you understand how a zipper works? How about a flush toilet?1)

여러분은 지퍼가 어떻게 ______________는지 이해하는가? ______________는 어떤가?
2. These objects seem basic enough. Knowing how they work isn’t exactly rocket science.2)
이 ______________은 꽤 간단한 것처럼 보인다. 그것들이 어떻게 작동하는지 아는 것은 ______________
은 전혀 아니다.
3. But people drastically overestimate their understanding of how these simple items function.3)
그러나 사람들은 이러한 간단한 품목들이 어떻게 기능하는지에 관한 자신의 이해를 ______________
______________.
4. In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil asked people to rate from one to seven how well
they understood the workings of such objects.4)
한 연구에서, Leon Rozenblit와 Frank Keil은 사람들에게 1에서 7까지의 척도로 자신들이 그러한 물체
의 작동 방식을 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지 ______________ 달라고 요청했다.
5. They then asked participants to actually explain in detail how the objects worked. Many were
simply unable to do so.5)
그러고 나서 그들은 ______________에게 그 물체가 어떻게 작동하는지 실제로 ______________ 설명해 달
라고 요청했다. 많은 사람이 전혀 그렇게 할 수 없었다.
6. And so when asked to revisit the question of how well they understood, subjects drastically
lowered their ratings.6)
그래서 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지에 관한 질문을 ______________도록 요청받았을 때, ______________은 자신
의 ______________을 ______________ ______________.
7. Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a similar experiment where students were asked to
explain, by sketching out the mechanism, how a bicycle works.7)
심리학자 Rebecca Lawson은 학생들에게 작동 ______________ ______________서 자전거가 어떻게 작동하
는지 설명하도록 요구하는 비슷한 실험을 ______________.
- 73 -
8. The results were striking — most people were unable to complete the task, even though a bicycle
is such a familiar object in our daily lives.8)
결과는 ______________는데, 대부분의 사람은 자전거가 우리 일상생활에서 매우 익숙한 물건임에도 불
구하고 그 ______________을 완수할 수 없었다.
9. This phenomenon, of people thinking they know much more than they actually do, has come to
be known as the illusion of explanatory depth.9)
사람들이 실제보다 자신이 훨씬 더 많이 알고 있다고 생각하는 이 ______________은 ______________ 깊이
의 ______________으로 알려지게 되었다.
- 74 -
1. 여러분은 지퍼가 어떻게 작동하는지 이해하는가? 수세식 변기는 어떤가?1)

Do you understand how a zipper ______________? How about a ______________ ______________?
2. 이 물건들은 꽤 간단한 것처럼 보인다. 그것들이 어떻게 작동하는지 아는 것은 고도의 지능이 요구되
는 일은 전혀 아니다.2)
These ______________ seem basic enough. Knowing how they work isn’t exactly ______________ ______________.
3. 그러나 사람들은 이러한 간단한 품목들이 어떻게 기능하는지에 관한 자신의 이해를 대단히 과대평가
한다.3)
But people ______________ ______________ their understanding of how these simple items function.
4. 한 연구에서, Leon Rozenblit와 Frank Keil은 사람들에게 1에서 7까지의 척도로 자신들이 그러한 물체
의 작동 방식을 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지 평가해 달라고 요청했다.4)
In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil asked people to ______________ from one to seven
how well they understood the workings of such objects.
5. 그러고 나서 그들은 참가자들에게 그 물체가 어떻게 작동하는지 실제로 자세히 설명해 달라고 요청
했다. 많은 사람이 전혀 그렇게 할 수 없었다.5)
They then asked ______________ to actually explain ______________ ______________ how the objects
worked. Many were simply unable to do so.
6. 그래서 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지에 관한 질문을 다시 논의하도록 요청받았을 때, 실험대상자들은 자신

의 평점을 급격히 낮췄다.6)
And so when asked to ______________ the question of how well they understood, ______________
______________ ______________ their ______________.
7. 심리학자 Rebecca Lawson은 학생들에게 작동 방식을 대략 그려서 자전거가 어떻게 작동하는지 설명

하도록 요구하는 비슷한 실험을 수행했다.7)
Psychologist Rebecca Lawson ______________ a similar experiment where students were asked to
explain, by ______________ ______________ the ______________, how a bicycle works.
- 75 -
8. 결과는 놀라웠는데, 대부분의 사람은 자전거가 우리 일상생활에서 매우 익숙한 물건임에도 불구하고

그 과업을 완수할 수 없었다.8)
The results were ______________ — most people were unable to complete the ______________, even
though a bicycle is such a familiar object in our daily lives.
9. 사람들이 실제보다 자신이 훨씬 더 많이 알고 있다고 생각하는 이 현상은 설명 깊이의 착각으로 알

려지게 되었다.9)
This ______________, of people thinking they know much more than they actually do, has come to
be known as the ______________ of ______________ depth.
- 76 -
1. Do you understand how a zipper works? How about a flush toilet?1)
2. These objects seem basic enough. Knowing how they work isn’t exactly rocket science.2)
3. But people drastically overestimate their understanding of how these simple items function.3)
4. In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil asked people to rate from one to seven how well
they understood the workings of such objects.4)
5. They then asked participants to actually explain in detail how the objects worked. Many were
simply unable to do so.5)
6. And so when asked to revisit the question of how well they understood, subjects drastically
lowered their ratings.6)
7. Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a similar experiment where students were asked to
explain, by sketching out the mechanism, how a bicycle works.7)
8. The results were striking — most people were unable to complete the task, even though a bicycle
is such a familiar object in our daily lives.8)
9. This phenomenon, of people thinking they know much more than they actually do, has come to
be known as the illusion of explanatory depth.9)
- 77 -

Do you understand how [does a zipper work / a zipper works]? How about a flush toilet?
These objects seem basic enough. [Know / Knowing] how [do they work / they work] isn’t
exactly rocket science.
한다.3)
But people drastically overestimate their understanding of how [do these simple items function /
these simple items function].
In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil asked people [rating / to rate] from one to seven
how well [did they understand / they understood] the workings of such objects.
They then asked participants to actually [explain / explaining] in detail how [did the objects work
/ the objects worked]. Many were simply unable to do so.

And so when [asking / asked] [revisit / to revisit] the question of how well [did they understand
/ they understood], subjects drastically lowered their ratings.
- 78 -

Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a similar experiment [which / where] students were
asked [explain / to explain], by [sketch / sketching] out the mechanism, how [does a bicycle
work / a bicycle works].

The results were striking — most people were unable to complete the task, even though a bicycle
is [so / such] a familiar object in our daily lives.

This phenomenon, of people [think / thinking] they know [very / much] more than they actually
[do / are], [have / has] come to [know / be known] as the illusion of explanatory depth.
- 79 -

(you / understand / do / works / ? / a zipper / how) (? / how / about / a flush toilet)
(objects / basic / these / seem / enough). (work / knowing / how / isn’t exactly / rocket / they
/ science)
한다.3)
But (people / drastically overestimate / their / these / of / understanding / function / items /
how / simple).
(in / study / one), (seven / asked / Leon Rozenblit / and / one / people / Frank Keil / from / to
/ to rate) (such / the workings / understood / objects / how well / they / of)
(how / actually explain / detail / worked / then asked / they / the objects / to / in /
participants). (were / many / so / unable / to do / simply)
- 80 -

And so (the question / when / understood / of / how well / they / asked / to revisit), (their /
ratings / drastically lowered / subjects).

(a / experiment / psychologist / performed / similar / Rebecca Lawson) (asked / to explain /
where / students / were), (by / sketching out / the mechanism), (works / a bicycle / how)

(striking / the results / were) — (people / to complete / most / unable / were / the task), (daily
lives / such / even though / our / familiar / in / a / a bicycle / is / object)

(people / of / they / they / more / actually do / this / know / than / much / thinking /
phenomenon,), (known / the illusion / explanatory / depth / as / has come / of / to be)
- 81 -
(A) The results were striking — most people were unable to complete the task, even though a
bicycle is such a familiar object in our daily lives. This phenomenon, of people thinking they
know much more than they actually do, has come to be known as the illusion of explanatory
depth.
(B) They then asked participants to actually explain in detail how the objects worked. Many were
simply unable to do so. And so when asked to revisit the question of how well they
understood, subjects drastically lowered their ratings. Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a
similar experiment where students were asked to explain, by sketching out the mechanism, how
a bicycle works.
(C) Do you understand how a zipper works? How about a flush toilet? These objects seem basic
enough. Knowing how they work isn’t exactly rocket science. But people drastically overestimate
their understanding of how these simple items function. In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank
Keil asked people to rate from one to seven how well they understood the workings of such
objects.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 82 -
understand, zipper, work, how, flush toilet

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________?
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
object, seem, basic, enough, know, work, exactly, rocket science
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
한다.3)
drastically, overestimate, understanding, simple, item, function

But ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
들의 작동 방식들을 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지 평가해 달라고 요청했다.4)
study, ask, rate, understand, working, such, object

______________ ______________ ______________, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
5. 그러고 나서 그들은 참가자들에게 그 물체들이 어떻게 작동하는지 실제로 자세히 설명해 달라고 요
청했다. 많은 사람이 전혀 그렇게 할 수 없었다.5)
ask, participate, actually, explain, detail, object, work, many, simply, unable, so
They then ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 83 -
6. 그래서 그들이 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지에 관한 질문을 다시 논의하도록 요청받았을 때, 실험대상자들

은 자신의 평점들을 급격히 낮췄다.6)
when, ask, revisit, understand, subject, drastically, lower, rating

And so ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.

psychologist, perform, similar, experiment, where, ask, explain, sketch out, mechanism, bicycle, work
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
8. 그 결과들은 놀라웠는데, 대부분의 사람은 자전거가 우리 일상생활들에서 매우 익숙한 물건임에도 불

구하고 그 과업을 완수할 수 없었다.8)
result, striking, unable, complete, task, even though, bicycle, such, familiar, object, daily
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ — ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
9. 사람들이 그들이 실제보다 자신들이 훨씬 더 많이 알고 있다고 생각하는 이 현상은 설명 깊이의 착

각으로 알려지게 되었다.9)
phenomenon, think, know, much, actually, do, come, illusion, explanatory, depth
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
- 84 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 08
Television may be altering the brain in ways that push 텔레비전은 일부 아이들을 학습 장애의 상
some children into a condition of a learning disability. 태로 몰아넣는 방식으로 뇌를 바꾸고 있는
지도 모른다.
Jerome L. Singer points out, “The TV set, and particularly Jerome L. Singer는 “텔레비전 수상기, 그리
commercial television with its clever use of constantly 고 특히 끊임없이 바뀌는 짧은 장면을 영리
하게 사용하는 상업 방송 텔레비전이 (텔레
changing short sequences, holds our attention by a
비전에 대한) 지향 반응을 극대화하는 끊임
constant sensory bombardment that maximizes orienting 없는 감각 폭격으로 우리의 주의를 계속 끈
responses.” 다.”라고 지적한다.
Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of using 어린이 방송 프로의 제작자들은 아이들의
perceptual tricks to get children’s attention. 주의를 끌기 위해 지각의 속임수를 사용하
는 것을 특히 좋아한다.
This jerking children’s attention around can lead to a 이렇게 아이들의 주의를 이리저리 뒤흔들면
shortening of children’s attention spans. 아이들의 주의 지속 시간 단축이 초래될 수
있다.
It is hard for people to concentrate on one thing when 사람들이 훨씬 더 흥미롭거나 신기한 것에
they are having their attention pulled away by an even 자신의 주의를 빼앗기고 있을 때 한 가지
일에 집중하는 것은 어렵다.
more interesting or novel thing.
Eventually children give in to the demanding for attention 결국 아이들은 주의를 기울이라고 요구하는
and go with the flow. 것에 굴복하고 그 흐름을 따른다.
They become passive, thinking that it is useless to try to 그들은 또 다른 것이 나타나서 첫 번째 것

analyze any one thing because another thing will come 을 대체할 것이기 때문에 어떤 것이라도 하
나를 분석하려는 것은 소용없다고 생각하여
along and replace the first thing.
수동적이 된다.
- 85 -
1. Television may be altering the brain in ways that push some children into a condition of a
learning disability.1)
텔레비전은 일부 아이들을 학습 ______________의 ______________로 몰아넣는 방식으로 뇌를 ______________는지도
모른다.
2. Jerome L. Singer points out, “The TV set, and particularly commercial television with its clever use
of constantly changing short sequences, holds our attention by a constant sensory bombardment
that maximizes orienting responses.”2)
Jerome L. Singer는 “텔레비전 수상기, 그리고 특히 ______________ 바뀌는 짧은 ______________을 영리하
게 사용하는 ______________이 (텔레비전에 대한) ______________을 ______________는 ______________
______________ ______________으로 우리의 주의를 계속 끈다.”라고 ______________.
3. Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of using perceptual tricks to get children’s
attention.3)
어린이 방송 프로의 제작자들은 특히 아이들의 주의를 끌기 위해 ______________ ______________를 사용
하는 것을 특히 ______________.
4. This jerking children’s attention around can lead to a shortening of children’s attention spans.4)
이렇게 아이들의 주의를 이리저리 ______________면 아이들의 ______________ ______________이 초래될 수
있다.
5. It is hard for people to concentrate on one thing when they are having their attention pulled
away by an even more interesting or novel thing.5)
사람들이 훨씬 더 흥미롭거나 ______________ 것에 자신의 주의를 ______________고 있을 때 한 가지 일
______________는 것은 어렵다.
6. Eventually children give in to the demanding for attention and go with the flow.6)
결국 아이들은 주의를 기울이라고 요구하는 것______________고 그 흐름______________.
7. They become passive, thinking that it is useless to try to analyze any one thing because another
thing will come along and replace the first thing.7)
그들은 또 다른 것이 ______________서 첫 번째 것을 대체할 것이기 때문에 어떤 것이라도 하나를
______________려는 것은 소용없다고 생각하여 ______________이 된다.
- 86 -
1. 텔레비전은 일부 아이들을 학습 장애의 상태로 몰아넣는 방식으로 뇌를 바꾸고 있는지도 모른다.1)

Television may be ______________ the brain in ways that push some children into a ______________ of
a learning ______________.
2. Jerome L. Singer는 “텔레비전 수상기, 그리고 특히 끊임없이 바뀌는 짧은 장면을 영리하게 사용하는
상업 방송 텔레비전이 (텔레비전에 대한) 지향 반응을 극대화하는 끊임없는 감각 폭격으로 우리의 주
의를 계속 끈다.”라고 지적한다.2)
Jerome L. Singer ______________ ______________, “The TV set, and particularly ______________
______________ with its clever use of ______________ changing short ______________, holds our attention
by a ______________ ______________ ______________ that ______________ ______________ ______________.”
3. 어린이 방송 프로의 제작자들은 아이들의 주의를 끌기 위해 지각의 속임수를 사용하는 것을 특히 좋

아한다.3)
Producers of children’s shows ______________ especially ______________ ______________ using
______________ ______________ to get children’s attention.
4. 이렇게 아이들의 주의를 이리저리 뒤흔들면 아이들의 주의 지속 시간 단축이 초래될 수 있다.4)

This ______________ children’s attention ______________ can lead to a ______________ of children’s
______________ ______________.
5. 사람들이 훨씬 더 흥미롭거나 신기한 것에 자신의 주의를 빼앗기고 있을 때 한 가지 일에 집중하는

것은 어렵다.5)
It is hard for people to ______________ ______________ one thing when they are having their
attention ______________ ______________ by an even more interesting or ______________ thing.
6. 결국 아이들은 주의를 기울이라고 요구하는 것에 굴복하고 그 흐름을 따른다.6)

Eventually children ______________ ______________ ______________ the demanding for attention and
______________ ______________ the flow.
7. 그들은 또 다른 것이 나타나서 첫 번째 것을 대체할 것이기 때문에 어떤 것이라도 하나를 분석하려

는 것은 소용없다고 생각하여 수동적이 된다.7)
They become ______________, thinking that it is useless to try to ______________ any one thing
because another thing will ______________ ______________ and replace the first thing.
- 87 -
1. Television may be altering the brain in ways that push some children into a condition of a
learning disability.1)
2. Jerome L. Singer points out, “The TV set, and particularly commercial television with its clever use
of constantly changing short sequences, holds our attention by a constant sensory bombardment
that maximizes orienting responses.”2)
3. Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of using perceptual tricks to get children’s
attention.3)
4. This jerking children’s attention around can lead to a shortening of children’s attention spans.4)
5. It is hard for people to concentrate on one thing when they are having their attention pulled
away by an even more interesting or novel thing.5)
6. Eventually children give in to the demanding for attention and go with the flow.6)
7. They become passive, thinking that it is useless to try to analyze any one thing because another
thing will come along and replace the first thing.7)
- 88 -

Television may be altering the brain in ways [what / that] [push / pushes] some children into a
condition of a learning disability.
Jerome L. Singer points out, “The TV set, and particularly commercial television with its clever use
of constantly [change / changing] short sequences, [hold / holds] our attention by a constant
sensory bombardment [that / what] [maximize / maximizes] orienting responses.”

아한다.3)
Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of [use / using] perceptual tricks to [get /
getting] children’s attention.

This jerking children’s attention around can [lead / be led] to a shortening of children’s attention
spans.

것은 어렵다.5)
It is hard for people to [concentrate / concentrating] on one thing when they are having their
attention [pulling / pulled] away by an [very / even] more [interesting / interested] or novel
thing.

Eventually children give in to the demanding for attention and [go / goes] with the flow.

They become [passive / passively], [thought / thinking] [that / what] it is useless to [try / trying]
to analyze any one thing [because / because of] another thing will come along and [replace /
replaces] the first thing.
- 89 -

(may / in / ways / be / altering / the brain / television) (children / a condition / a learning
disability / of / push / that / into / some)
(points out / Jerome L. Singer), “(of / sequences / the TV set, / constantly changing / its clever /
use / and particularly / television / commercial / with / short), (attention / our / a / by /
bombardment / holds / sensory / constant) (responses / that / maximizes / orienting)”

아한다.3)
(perceptual / producers / especially fond / tricks / of / children’s / of / shows / using / are)
(attention / to get / children’s)

(spans / children’s / around / of / children’s / jerking / can / attention / a shortening / this /
attention / lead to)

것은 어렵다.5)
(hard / thing / for / to concentrate on / people / one / it / is) (pulled away / their / when /
having / an / are / thing / even / more / or / interesting / novel / they / attention / by)
- 90 -

Eventually (attention / and / the demanding / the flow / children / go with / give in to / for).

(passive / they / become), (any / is / to analyze / thing / that / thinking / it / useless / one /
to try) (because / thing / will / thing / the first / another / come along / replace / and)
- 91 -
(A) Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of using perceptual tricks to get children’s
attention. This jerking children’s attention around can lead to a shortening of children’s
attention spans. It is hard for people to concentrate on one thing when they are having their
attention pulled away by an even more interesting or novel thing.
(B) Eventually children give in to the demanding for attention and go with the flow. They become
passive, thinking that it is useless to try to analyze any one thing because another thing will
come along and replace the first thing.
(C) Television may be altering the brain in ways that push some children into a condition of a
learning disability. Jerome L. Singer points out, “The TV set, and particularly commercial
television with its clever use of constantly changing short sequences, holds our attention by a
constant sensory bombardment that maximizes orienting responses.”
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 92 -
1. 텔레비전은 일부 아이들을 학습 장애의 상태로 몰아넣는 방식들로 뇌를 바꾸고 있는지도 모른다.1)
alter, way, that, push, some, children, condition, disability

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
2. Jerome L. Singer는 “텔레비전 수상기, 그리고 특히 끊임없이 바뀌는 짧은 장면들을 영리하게 사용하
는 상업 방송 텔레비전이 (텔레비전에 대한) 지향 반응들을 극대화하는 끊임없는 감각 폭격으로 우리
의 주의를 계속 끈다.”라고 지적한다.2)
point out, TV set, particularly, commercial, its, clever, use, constantly, change, short,
sequence, hold, attention, constant, sensory, bombardment, that, maximize, orienting, response
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, “______________ ______________
______________, and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.”
3. 어린이 방송 프로의 제작자들은 아이들의 주의를 끌기 위해 지각의 속임수들을 사용하는 것을 특히

좋아한다.3)
producer, shows, especially, fond, use, perceptual, trick, get, attention

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
4. 이렇게 아이들의 주의를 이리저리 뒤흔들면 아이들의 주의 지속 시간들 단축이 초래될 수 있다.4)
jerking, attention, around, lead, shortening, span

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 93 -
5. 사람들이 훨씬 더 흥미롭거나 신기한 것에 그들이 자신의 주의를 빼앗기고 있을 때 한 가지 일에 집

중하는 것은 어렵다.5)
hard, concentrate, when, have, attention, pull away, by, even, interest, novel
It ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
give in to, demanding, attention, go with, flow

Eventually ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

become, passive, think, that, it, useless, try, analyze, any, one, because, another, come along, replace
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 94 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 09
In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed the Karmiloff‑Smith와 Inhelder는 자신들의 연구
theory ladenness of experimentation. 에서 실험의 이론 의존성을 보여 주었다.
They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a 그들은 아이들에게 폭이 좁은 금속 레일 위

narrow metal rail. 에서 나무 블록의 균형을 잡아 보라고 했다.
A number of the blocks had their weight evenly 다수의 블록은 무게가 균등하게 분배되어
distributed so that they balanced at their geometric center. 기하학적 중심에서 균형을 유지했다.
Other blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end 다른 블록은 한쪽 끝에 눈에 보이거나 보이
so that they balanced far off center. 지 않는 추가 있어서 중심에서 크게 벗어난
곳에서 균형을 유지했다.
The youngest children did not appear to have a theory; 가장 어린 아이들은 이론을 갖고 있는 것
they simply moved the blocks around until they balanced. 같지 않았는데, 그들은 균형을 유지할 때까
지 그냥 블록을 이리저리 옮겼다.
At about age six or seven most of the children appeared 약 6~7세의 대부분의 아이들은 강한 이론,
to have adopted a strong theory — things balance in the 즉 사물은 중심에서 균형을 유지한다는 이
론을 채택했던 것 같았다.
center.
These children placed the blocks on the rail on their 이 아이들은 블록을 중심에 맞춰 레일 위에
centers. 올려놓았다.
- 95 -
For ordinary blocks the data came in well for this theory; 보통의 블록에서는 자료가 이 이론과 잘 맞
however, the theory did not work for the unbalanced 았지만, 불균형한 블록에서는 그 이론이 효
과가 없었다.
blocks.
Most of these children held to the geometric center 이 아이들의 대부분은 ‘기하학적 중심 이론’
theory and put the unbalanced blocks aside as impossible 을 고수하였으며, 불균형한 블록은 균형을
to balance. 유지하기 불가능한 것으로 제쳐 놓았다.
Thus we appear to have a case where the six‑ and 따라서 우리는, 6~7세 아이들의 실험이 이
seven‑year‑old children’s experiments were directed by 론의 안내를 따르고 있어서 자료가 그 이론
theory and when the data did not fit the theory, the 에 들어맞지 않으면 아이들은 불균형한 블
록을 포함하지 않음으로써 그 자료를 조정
children adjusted the data by not including the
했던 사례를 얻은 것 같다.
unbalanced blocks.
- 96 -
1. In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed the theory ladenness of experimentation.1)
Karmiloff‑Smith와 Inhelder는 자신들의 연구에서 실험의 ______________을 보여 주었다.
2. They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a narrow metal rail.2)

그들은 아이들에게 폭이 ______________ 금속 레일 위에서 나무 블록의 균형을 잡아 보라고 했다.
3. A number of the blocks had their weight evenly distributed so that they balanced at their
geometric center.3)
다수의 블록은 무게가 ______________ ______________어 ______________ 중심에서 균형을 유지했다.
4. Other blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end so that they balanced far off center.4)
다른 블록은 한쪽 끝에 눈에 보이거나 보이지 않는 추가 있어서 중심에서 ______________ 곳에서 균형
을 유지했다.
5. The youngest children did not appear to have a theory; they simply moved the blocks around
until they balanced.5)
가장 어린 아이들은 ______________을 갖고 있는 것 같지 않았는데, 그들은 균형을 유지할 때까지 그냥
블록을 이리저리 옮겼다.
6. At about age six or seven most of the children appeared to have adopted a strong theory —
things balance in the center.6)
약 6~7세의 대부분의 아이들은 강한 이론, 즉 사물은 중심에서 균형을 유지한다는 이론을
______________던 것 같았다.
7. These children placed the blocks on the rail on their centers.7)

이 아이들은 블록을 중심에 맞춰 레일 위에 올려______________.
- 97 -
8. For ordinary blocks the data came in well for this theory; however, the theory did not work for
the unbalanced blocks.8)
______________ 블록에서는 자료가 이 이론과 잘 맞았지만, 불균형한 블록에서는 그 이론이 효과가 없
었다.
9. Most of these children held to the geometric center theory and put the unbalanced blocks aside
as impossible to balance.9)
이 아이들의 대부분은 ‘______________ 중심 이론’을 고수하였으며, 불균형한 블록은 균형을 유지하기
불가능한 것으로 ______________았다.
10. Thus we appear to have a case where the six‑ and seven‑year‑old children’s experiments were
directed by theory and when the data did not fit the theory, the children adjusted the data by
not including the unbalanced blocks.10)
따라서 우리는, 6~7세 아이들의 실험이 이론______________고 있어서 자료가 그 이론에 들어맞지 않
으면 아이들은 불균형한 블록을 포함하지 않음으로써 그 자료를 조정했던 사례를 얻은 것 같다.
- 98 -
1. Karmiloff‑Smith와 Inhelder는 자신들의 연구에서 실험의 이론 의존성을 보여 주었다.1)

In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed the ______________ ______________ of
experimentation.
2. 그들은 아이들에게 폭이 좁은 금속 레일 위에서 나무 블록의 균형을 잡아 보라고 했다.2)

They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a ______________ metal rail.
3. 다수의 블록은 무게가 균등하게 분배되어 기하학적 중심에서 균형을 유지했다.3)

A number of the blocks had their weight ______________ ______________ so that they balanced at
their ______________ center.
4. 다른 블록은 한쪽 끝에 눈에 보이거나 보이지 않는 추가 있어서 중심에서 크게 벗어난 곳에서 균형

을 유지했다.4)
Other blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end so that they balanced ______________
______________ center.
5. 가장 어린 아이들은 이론을 갖고 있는 것 같지 않았는데, 그들은 균형을 유지할 때까지 그냥 블록을

이리저리 옮겼다.5)
The youngest children did not appear to have a ______________; they simply moved the blocks
around until they balanced.
6. 약 6~7세의 대부분의 아이들은 강한 이론, 즉 사물은 중심에서 균형을 유지한다는 이론을 채택했던
것 같았다.6)
At about age six or seven most of the children appeared to have ______________ a strong theory
— things balance in the center.
7. 이 아이들은 블록을 중심에 맞춰 레일 위에 올려놓았다.7)

These children ______________ the blocks on the rail on their centers.
- 99 -
8. 보통의 블록에서는 자료가 이 이론과 잘 맞았지만, 불균형한 블록에서는 그 이론이 효과가 없었다.8)
For ______________ blocks the data came in well for this theory; however, the theory did not work
for the unbalanced blocks.
9. 이 아이들의 대부분은 ‘기하학적 중심 이론’을 고수하였으며, 불균형한 블록은 균형을 유지하기 불가

능한 것으로 제쳐 놓았다.9)
Most of these children held to the ______________ center theory and ______________ the unbalanced
blocks ______________ as impossible to balance.
10. 따라서 우리는, 6~7세 아이들의 실험이 이론의 안내를 따르고 있어서 자료가 그 이론에 들어맞지
않으면 아이들은 불균형한 블록을 포함하지 않음으로써 그 자료를 조정했던 사례를 얻은 것 같다.10)
Thus we appear to have a case where the six‑ and seven‑year‑old children’s experiments were
______________ by theory and when the data did not fit the theory, the children adjusted the
data by not including the unbalanced blocks.
- 100 -
1. In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed the theory ladenness of experimentation.1)
2. They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a narrow metal rail.2)
3. A number of the blocks had their weight evenly distributed so that they balanced at their
geometric center.3)
4. Other blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end so that they balanced far off center.4)
5. The youngest children did not appear to have a theory; they simply moved the blocks around
until they balanced.5)
6. At about age six or seven most of the children appeared to have adopted a strong theory —
things balance in the center.6)
7. These children placed the blocks on the rail on their centers.7)
8. For ordinary blocks the data came in well for this theory; however, the theory did not work for
the unbalanced blocks.8)
9. Most of these children held to the geometric center theory and put the unbalanced blocks aside
as impossible to balance.9)
10. Thus we appear to have a case where the six‑ and seven‑year‑old children’s experiments were
directed by theory and when the data did not fit the theory, the children adjusted the data by
not including the unbalanced blocks.10)
- 101 -

In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder [showing / showed] the theory ladenness of
experimentation.

They asked children [balance / to balance] wooden blocks on a narrow metal rail.

A number of the blocks had their weight evenly [distribute / distributed] so that they balanced
at their geometric center.

을 유지했다.4)
[Other / Another] blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end so that they balanced far
off center.

The youngest children did not appear [having / to have] a theory; they simply moved the blocks
around until they balanced.
것 같았다.6)
At about age six or seven most of the children appeared [having / to have] [adopted / been
adopted] a strong theory — things balance in the center.

These children [placing / placed] the blocks on the rail on their centers.
- 102 -
For ordinary blocks the data [coming / came] in well for this theory; however, the theory [was /
did] not [work / worked] for the unbalanced blocks.

Most of these children held to the geometric center theory and [put / putting] the unbalanced
blocks aside as impossible to balance.
Thus we appear [having / to have] a case [which / where] the six‑ and seven‑year‑old children’s
experiments were [directing / directed] by theory and when the data did not fit the theory, the
children adjusted the data by not [include / including] the unbalanced blocks.
- 103 -

(research / their / in), (Inhelder / showed / and / experimentation / Karmiloff‑smith / of / the
theory ladenness)

(they / on / to balance / wooden blocks / asked / children / narrow / a / metal rail)

(had / a number of / the blocks / evenly / their weight / distributed) (at / center / their
geometric / they / balanced / so that)

을 유지했다.4)
(or / other / invisible / weights / end / on / visible / blocks / one / had) (balanced / they /
center / far off / so that)

(children / the / did / to have / not / appear / youngest / a theory); (the blocks / around /
simply moved / they) (they / until / balanced)
- 104 -
것 같았다.6)
(about / at / or / most of / the children / six / seven / age) (appeared / theory / strong / a /
to have adopted) — (the center / things / balance / in)

(placed / children / the rail / their centers / on / these / on / the blocks)
(ordinary / for / blocks) (for / the data / came / theory / this / well / in); however, (for / blocks
/ the / unbalanced / the theory / did / not / work).

(the geometric center theory / most / these / to / children / of / held) and (balance / as / put
/ aside / impossible / to / the / blocks / unbalanced).
Thus (to have / appear / we / a case) (were / by / where / directed / children’s / the six‑ and
seven‑year‑old / theory / experiments) and (not / the theory / did / fit / the data / when),
(adjusted / the children / the data) (not / the / unbalanced / by / including / blocks).
- 105 -
(A) The youngest children did not appear to have a theory; they simply moved the blocks around
until they balanced. At about age six or seven most of the children appeared to have adopted
a strong theory — things balance in the center. These children placed the blocks on the rail on
their centers.
(B) In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed the theory ladenness of experimentation.
They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a narrow metal rail. A number of the blocks
had their weight evenly distributed so that they balanced at their geometric center. Other blocks
had visible or invisible weights on one end so that they balanced far off center.
(C) For ordinary blocks the data came in well for this theory; however, the theory did not work for
the unbalanced blocks. Most of these children held to the geometric center theory and put the
unbalanced blocks aside as impossible to balance. Thus we appear to have a case where the
six‑ and seven‑year‑old children’s experiments were directed by theory and when the data did
not fit the theory, the children adjusted the data by not including the unbalanced blocks.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 106 -
research, show, theory, ladenness, experimentation

______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
2. 그들은 아이들에게 폭이 좁은 금속 레일 위에서 나무 블록들의 균형을 잡아 보라고 했다.2)
ask, balance, wooden, narrow, metal

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
3. 다수의 블록들은 그것들의 무게가 균등하게 분배되어 그것들이 그것들의 기하학적 중심에서 균형을
유지했다.3)
number, have, weight, evenly, distribute, so that, balance, geometric, center

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
4. 다른 블록들은 한쪽 끝에 눈에 보이거나 보이지 않는 추가 있어서 그것들이 중심에서 크게 벗어난

곳에서 균형을 유지했다.4)
other, have, visible, invisible, weight, end, so that, balance, far off, center
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
5. 가장 어린 아이들은 이론을 갖고 있는 것 같지 않았는데, 그들은 그들이 균형을 유지할 때까지 그냥

블록들을 이리저리 옮겼다.5)
appear, have, theory, simply, move, block, around, until, balance

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________; ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 107 -
6. 약 6~7세의 대부분의 아이들은 강한 이론, 즉 사물들은 중심에서 균형을 유지한다는 이론을 채택했
던 것 같았다.6)
about, age, most of, appear, adopt, strong, theory, thing, balance, center
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ — ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
7. 이 아이들은 그 블록들을 그것들의 중심에 맞춰 레일 위에 올려놓았다.7)
place, rail, center

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
8. 보통의 블록들에서는 자료가 이 이론과 잘 맞았지만, 불균형한 블록들에서는 그 이론이 효과가 없었다.8)
ordinary, data, come, theory, work, unbalanced
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________; however, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
9. 이 아이들의 대부분은 ‘기하학적 중심 이론’을 고수하였으며, 불균형한 블록들은 균형을 유지하기 불

가능한 것으로 제쳐 놓았다.9)
of, hold, geometric, put, unbalanced, aside, impossible, balance
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
10. 따라서 우리는, 6~7세 아이들의 실험들이 이론의 안내를 따르고 있어서 자료가 그 이론에 들어맞지
않으면 아이들은 불균형한 블록들을 포함하지 않음으로써 그 자료를 조정했던 사례를 얻은 것 같다.10)
appear, have, case, where, experiment, direct, theory, when, fit, adjust, by, include, unbalanced
Thus ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
- 108 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 10
Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd 사육되는 새끼 수소들은 나이가 더 많은 무
sires, so they have no opportunity to play fight with the 리 내의 아비 소들 주변에서 자라는 경우가
거의 없기 때문에, 나이가 더 많고 힘이 더
older, stronger bulls or to observe the herd sires as their
센 수소들과 싸움 놀이를 하거나 무리 내의
role models. 아비 소들을 역할 모델로서 관찰할 기회가
없다.
Instead, they are grouped together in feed pens and 그 대신에 그것들은 사육 우리와 목초지에
pastures, where they can wrestle only with their playful 서 함께 무리를 이루게 되는데, 거기에서 그
것들은 장난기 많은 또래 친구들과만 몸싸
age‑mates.
움을 할 수 있다.
Because they are all so equally matched, they do not 그것들은 모두 매우 동등한 호적수이기 때
develop an ability to gauge each other’s strength by 문에, 공격적인 행동을 과시하는 것만으로
서로의 힘을 측정할 수 있는 능력을 키우지
displaying aggressive behavior alone.
못한다.
In fact, a good shoving match in a feed pen becomes the 사실상 사육 우리에서 마음껏 하는 밀치기
preferred method of settling a score just to counteract 시합은 단지 지루함에 대응하기 위해 하는
분풀이의 우선시 되는 수단이 된다.
boredom.
As a result, these young bulls learn that all dominance 그 결과, 이 새끼수소들은 모든 지배권 싸움
disputes are settled by physical conflict, resulting in far 이 신체적 충돌에 의해 해결된다고 알게 되
어, 야생에서 흔한 심각한 부상(과 값비싼 대
more serious injuries (and expensive replacement bulls)
체 수소)보다 훨씬 더 심각한 것을 초래한다.
than are common in the wild.
Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among older 우리의 새끼 수소들을 목초지에서 나이가
bulls makes them better adjusted and gives them the skills 더 많은 수소들 사이에서 자라게 하면, 그것
들은 더 잘 적응하게 되고 싸움이 아니라
necessary to resolve most dominance struggles through
과시를 통해 대부분의 지배권 싸움을 해결
displays, not battles. 하는 데 필요한 기술을 얻게 된다.
- 109 -
1. Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd sires, so they have no opportunity to
play fight with the older, stronger bulls or to observe the herd sires as their role models.1)
______________ 새끼 수소들은 나이가 더 많은 ______________ 주변에서 자라는 경우가 ______________기
때문에, 나이가 더 많고 힘이 더 센 수소들과 싸움 놀이를 하거나 ______________을 역할 모델로서
______________ 기회가 없다.
2. Instead, they are grouped together in feed pens and pastures, where they can wrestle only with
their playful age‑mates.2)
그 대신에 그것들은 ______________와 ______________에서 함께 무리를 이루게 되는데, 거기에서 그것들
은 ______________ ______________과만 ______________ 수 있다.
3. Because they are all so equally matched, they do not develop an ability to gauge each other’s
strength by displaying aggressive behavior alone.3)
그것들은 모두 매우 동등한 ______________이기 때문에, ______________ 행동을 ______________는 것만으로
서로의 힘을 ______________ 수 있는 능력을 키우지 못한다.
4. In fact, a good shoving match in a feed pen becomes the preferred method of settling a score
just to counteract boredom.4)
사실상 사육 우리에서 마음껏 하는 ______________기 시합은 단지 ______________에 ______________기 위해
하는 ______________ ______________의 수단이 된다.
5. As a result, these young bulls learn that all dominance disputes are settled by physical conflict,
resulting in far more serious injuries (and expensive replacement bulls) than are common in the
wild.5)
그 결과, 이 새끼수소들은 모든 ______________ ______________이 신체적 ______________에 의해 ______________
다고 알게 되어, 야생에서 ______________ 심각한 부상(과 값비싼 ______________ 수소)보다 훨씬 더 심각
한 것______________.
6. Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among older bulls makes them better adjusted and
gives them the skills necessary to resolve most dominance struggles through displays, not battles.6)
우리의 새끼 수소들을 목초지에서 나이가 더 많은 수소들 사이에서 자라게 하면, 그것들은 더 잘
______________고 싸움이 아니라 과시를 통해 대부분의 지배권 ______________을 ______________는 데 필요
한 기술을 얻게 된다.
- 110 -
1. 사육되는 새끼 수소들은 나이가 더 많은 무리 내의 아비 소들 주변에서 자라는 경우가 거의 없기 때

문에, 나이가 더 많고 힘이 더 센 수소들과 싸움 놀이를 하거나 무리 내의 아비 소들을 역할 모델로
서 관찰할 기회가 없다.1)
Young ______________ bulls ______________ grow up around older ______________ ______________, so they
have no opportunity to play fight with the older, stronger bulls or to ______________ the
______________ ______________ as their role models.
2. 그 대신에 그것들은 사육 우리와 목초지에서 함께 무리를 이루게 되는데, 거기에서 그것들은 장난기
많은 또래 친구들과만 몸싸움을 할 수 있다.2)
Instead, they are grouped together in ______________ ______________ and ______________, where they
can ______________ only with their ______________ ______________.
3. 그것들은 모두 매우 동등한 호적수이기 때문에, 공격적인 행동을 과시하는 것만으로 서로의 힘을 측

정할 수 있는 능력을 키우지 못한다.3)
Because they are all so equally ______________, they do not develop an ability to ______________
each other’s strength by ______________ ______________ behavior alone.
4. 사실상 사육 우리에서 마음껏 하는 밀치기 시합은 단지 지루함에 대응하기 위해 하는 분풀이의 우선

시 되는 수단이 된다.4)
In fact, a good ______________ match in a feed pen becomes the ______________ method of
______________ ______________ ______________ just to ______________ ______________.
5. 그 결과, 이 새끼수소들은 모든 지배권 싸움이 신체적 충돌에 의해 해결된다고 알게 되어, 야생에서

흔한 심각한 부상(과 값비싼 대체 수소)보다 훨씬 더 심각한 것을 초래한다.5)
As a result, these young bulls learn that all ______________ ______________ are ______________ by
physical ______________, ______________ ______________ far more serious injuries (and expensive
______________ bulls) than are ______________ in the wild.
6. 우리의 새끼 수소들을 목초지에서 나이가 더 많은 수소들 사이에서 자라게 하면, 그것들은 더 잘 적

응하게 되고 싸움이 아니라 과시를 통해 대부분의 지배권 싸움을 해결하는 데 필요한 기술을 얻게
된다.6)
Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among older bulls makes them better ______________
and gives them the skills necessary to ______________ most dominance ______________ through
displays, not battles.
- 111 -
1. Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd sires, so they have no opportunity to
play fight with the older, stronger bulls or to observe the herd sires as their role models.1)
2. Instead, they are grouped together in feed pens and pastures, where they can wrestle only with
their playful age‑mates.2)
3. Because they are all so equally matched, they do not develop an ability to gauge each other’s
strength by displaying aggressive behavior alone.3)
4. In fact, a good shoving match in a feed pen becomes the preferred method of settling a score
just to counteract boredom.4)
5. As a result, these young bulls learn that all dominance disputes are settled by physical conflict,
wild.5)
6. Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among older bulls makes them better adjusted and
gives them the skills necessary to resolve most dominance struggles through displays, not battles.6)
- 112 -

Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd sires, so they have no opportunity
[playing / to play] fight with the older, stronger bulls or [observing / to observe] the herd sires
as their role models.
Instead, they are grouped together in feed pens and pastures, [which / where] they can wrestle
only with their playful age‑mates.

[Because / Because of] they are all so equally matched, they do not develop an ability [gauging
/ to gauge] each other’s strength by [display / displaying] aggressive behavior alone.

In fact, a good shoving match in a feed pen [become / becomes] the preferred method of
[settle / settling] a score just to [counteract / counteracting] boredom.

As a result, these young bulls learn [that / that] all dominance disputes are [settling / settled] by
physical conflict, [resulting / resulted] in [very / far] more serious injuries (and expensive
replacement bulls) than [is / are] common in the wild.

된다.6)
[Let / Letting] our young bulls [grow / to grow] up on pasture among older bulls [make /
makes] them better adjusted and [give / gives] them the skills necessary to [resolve / resolving]
most dominance struggles through displays, not battles.
- 113 -

(young / rarely grow up / domestic / around / older / herd / sires / bulls), so (no / have / they
/ opportunity) (bulls / to play / fight / with / the older, / stronger) or (herd / sires / the / as /
their role models / to observe).
Instead, (feed pens / pastures / they / in / together / are / grouped / and), (wrestle / age‑mates
/ their playful / they / only with / can / where).

(so / all / are / they / matched / equally / because), (not / each other’s / strength / to gauge /
do / an ability / they / develop) (behavior / alone / aggressive / by / displaying)

In fact, (good / a feed pen / in / shoving / match / a) (a score / becomes / settling / the /
method / of / preferred) (boredom / just / to counteract).
- 114 -

(result / as / a), (learn / these / young / bulls) (are / that / settled / dominance / conflict / by /
all / physical / disputes), (resulting in / more / serious / far / injuries) ((expensive / replacement
/ and / bulls)) (than / the wild / are / in / common)

된다.6)
(bulls / grow up / bulls / pasture / our / letting / older / on / young / among) (them / makes
/ better / adjusted) and (necessary / gives / struggles / dominance / most / through / displays,
/ the skills / not / to resolve / them / battles).
- 115 -
(A) Because they are all so equally matched, they do not develop an ability to gauge each other’s
strength by displaying aggressive behavior alone. In fact, a good shoving match in a feed pen
becomes the preferred method of settling a score just to counteract boredom.
(B) As a result, these young bulls learn that all dominance disputes are settled by physical conflict,
wild. Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among older bulls makes them better
adjusted and gives them the skills necessary to resolve most dominance struggles through
displays, not battles.
(C) Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd sires, so they have no opportunity to
play fight with the older, stronger bulls or to observe the herd sires as their role models.
Instead, they are grouped together in feed pens and pastures, where they can wrestle only with
their playful age‑mates.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 116 -

문에, 그것들은 나이가 더 많고 힘이 더 센 수소들과 싸움 놀이를 하거나 무리 내의 아비 소들을 그
들의 역할 모델들로서 관찰할 기회가 없다.1)
young, domestic, bull, rarely, grow up, around, herd sire,
have, no, opportunity, play, fight, stronger, observe, role
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, so ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
2. 그 대신에 그것들은 사육 우리들과 목초지들에서 함께 무리를 이루게 되는데, 거기에서 그것들은 그

것들의 장난기 많은 또래 친구들과만 몸싸움을 할 수 있다.2)
group, together, feed pen, pasture, where, wrestle, only, playful, age‑mates
Instead, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
3. 그것들은 모두 매우 동등한 호적수이기 때문에, 그것들은 공격적인 행동을 과시하는 것만으로 서로의
힘을 측정할 수 있는 능력을 키우지 못한다.3)
because, all, so, equally, matched, develop, ability, gauge,
each other, strength, display, aggressive, behavior, alone
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________

good, shoving, match, feed pen, become, prefer, method, settle, score, just, counteract, boredom
In fact, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 117 -
5. 그 결과, 이 새끼수소들은 모든 지배권 싸움들이 신체적 충돌에 의해 해결된다고 알게 되어, 야생에

서 흔한 심각한 부상들(과 값비싼 대체 수소들)보다 훨씬 더 심각한 것을 초래한다.5)
result, young, bull, that, all, dominance, dispute, settle, physical,

conflict, result, far, serious, injury, expensive, replacement, common, wild
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ (______________ ______________ ______________ ______________) ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

응하게 되고 싸움들이 아니라 과시들을 통해 대부분의 지배권 싸움들을 해결하는 데 필요한 기술들
을 그들에게 준다.6)
let, grow up, pasture, among, make, adjust, give, skill,
necessary, resolve, dominance, struggle, display, battle
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________
- 118 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 11
Meaning is based in the symbolic interpretation of 의미는 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 상

another’s communication. 징적 해석에 기반을 둔다.
Because we cannot be inside someone else’s head to 우리가 다른 사람이 의도한 의미를 알기 위
understand his or her intended meaning, we depend on 해 그 사람의 머릿속으로 들어갈 수 없기
때문에, 우리는 다른 어떤 것을 나타낼 수
our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as
있는 말과 몸짓, 그 밖의 다른 행위와 같은
words, gestures, and other acts that can stand for 상징의 사용에 대한 우리 나름의 해석에 의
something else. 존한다.
When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the 어떤 사람이 “저 배고파요.”라고 말할 때 우

meaning. 리는 그 의미를 이해한다.
Although we do not experience his or her hunger directly, 비록 우리가 그 사람의 배고픔을 직접 경험하
we can equate the statement with our own feeling of 지는 않지만 그 말을 우리 자신의 배고픔이라
는 느낌과 같은 것이라고 생각할 수 있다.
hunger.
Because our responses to others’ communications are 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 우리의 반

based on our own experiences, our communication 응이 우리 자신의 경험에 근거하고 있기 때
문에 우리의 의사소통의 어려움은 흔히 동
difficulties are often based on different interpretations of
일한 상징적 단어나 몸짓에 대한 서로 다른
the same symbolic words or gestures. 해석에 기반한다.
My hunger may not be as immediate as yours. 나의 배고픔은 여러분의 배고픔만큼 당면한

것이 아닐지도 모른다.
The temperature of the room may not feel as cold to me. 방의 온도가 나에게는 그만큼 춥게 느껴지
지 않을지 모른다.
My experiential background or slower cognitive processing 나의 경험적 배경 또는 더 느린 인지 처리

may mean that it takes me longer to arrive at a similar 과정은, 여러분에게 분명해 보이는 어떤 문
제에 대한 비슷한 이해에 이르는 것이 나에
understanding of a problem that appears obvious to you.
게는 더 오래 걸린다는 것을 의미할지도 모
른다.
- 119 -
1. Meaning is based in the symbolic interpretation of another’s communication.1)

의미는 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 ______________ ______________에 기반을 둔다.
2. Because we cannot be inside someone else’s head to understand his or her intended meaning,
we depend on our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as words, gestures, and other
acts that can stand for something else.2)
우리가 다른 사람이 ______________ 의미를 알기 위해 그 사람의 머릿속으로 들어갈 수 없기 때문에,
우리는 다른 어떤 것______________ 수 있는 말과 몸짓, 그 밖의 다른 행위와 같은 상징의 사용에 대한
우리 나름의 해석에 의존한다.
3. When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the meaning.3)

어떤 사람이 “저 배고파요.”라고 말할 때 우리는 그 ______________를 이해한다.
4. Although we do not experience his or her hunger directly, we can equate the statement with our
own feeling of hunger.4)
비록 우리가 그 사람의 배고픔을 직접 경험하지는 않지만 그 ______________을 우리 자신의 배고픔이
라는 느낌과 ______________ 수 있다.
5. Because our responses to others’ communications are based on our own experiences, our
communication difficulties are often based on different interpretations of the same symbolic
words or gestures.5)
다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 우리의 반응이 우리 자신의 경험______________기 때문에 우리의 의
사소통의 어려움은 흔히 동일한 상징적 단어나 몸짓에 대한 서로 다른 해석에 기반한다.
6. My hunger may not be as immediate as yours.6)

나의 배고픔은 여러분의 배고픔만큼 ______________ 것이 아닐지도 모른다.
7. The temperature of the room may not feel as cold to me.7)

방의 ______________가 나에게는 그만큼 춥게 느껴지지 않을지 모른다.
8. My experiential background or slower cognitive processing may mean that it takes me longer to
arrive at a similar understanding of a problem that appears obvious to you.8)
나의 경험적 ______________ 또는 더 느린 ______________ 처리 과정은, 여러분에게 ______________ 보이는
어떤 문제에 대한 비슷한 이해에 이르는 것이 나에게는 더 오래 걸린다는 것을 의미할지도 모른다.
- 120 -
1. 의미는 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 상징적 해석에 기반을 둔다.1)

Meaning is based in the ______________ ______________ of another’s communication.
2. 우리가 다른 사람이 의도한 의미를 알기 위해 그 사람의 머릿속으로 들어갈 수 없기 때문에, 우리는

다른 어떤 것을 나타낼 수 있는 말과 몸짓, 그 밖의 다른 행위와 같은 상징의 사용에 대한 우리 나름
의 해석에 의존한다.2)
Because we cannot be inside someone else’s head to understand his or her ______________
meaning, we depend on our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as words, gestures,
and other acts that can ______________ ______________ something else.
3. 어떤 사람이 “저 배고파요.”라고 말할 때 우리는 그 의미를 이해한다.3)

When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the ______________.
4. 비록 우리가 그 사람의 배고픔을 직접 경험하지는 않지만 그 말을 우리 자신의 배고픔이라는 느낌과

같은 것이라고 생각할 수 있다.4)
Although we do not experience his or her hunger directly, we can ______________ the ______________
with our own feeling of hunger.
5. 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 우리의 반응이 우리 자신의 경험에 근거하고 있기 때문에 우리의

의사소통의 어려움은 흔히 동일한 상징적 단어나 몸짓에 대한 서로 다른 해석에 기반한다.5)
Because our responses to others’ communications ______________ ______________ ______________ our
own experiences, our communication difficulties are often based on different interpretations of
the same symbolic words or gestures.
6. 나의 배고픔은 여러분의 배고픔만큼 당면한 것이 아닐지도 모른다.6)

My hunger may not be as ______________ as yours.
7. 방의 온도가 나에게는 그만큼 춥게 느껴지지 않을지 모른다.7)

The ______________ of the room may not feel as cold to me.
8. 나의 경험적 배경 또는 더 느린 인지 처리 과정은, 여러분에게 분명해 보이는 어떤 문제에 대한 비슷

한 이해에 이르는 것이 나에게는 더 오래 걸린다는 것을 의미할지도 모른다.8)
My experiential ______________ or slower ______________ processing may mean that it takes me
longer to arrive at a similar understanding of a problem that appears ______________ to you.
- 121 -
1. Meaning is based in the symbolic interpretation of another’s communication.1)
2. Because we cannot be inside someone else’s head to understand his or her intended meaning,
we depend on our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as words, gestures, and other
acts that can stand for something else.2)
3. When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the meaning.3)
4. Although we do not experience his or her hunger directly, we can equate the statement with our
own feeling of hunger.4)
5. Because our responses to others’ communications are based on our own experiences, our
words or gestures.5)
6. My hunger may not be as immediate as yours.6)
7. The temperature of the room may not feel as cold to me.7)
8. My experiential background or slower cognitive processing may mean that it takes me longer to
arrive at a similar understanding of a problem that appears obvious to you.8)
- 122 -

Meaning [based / is based] in the symbolic interpretation of another’s communication.

[Because of / Because] we cannot be inside someone else’s head to [understand / understanding]
his or her intended meaning, we depend on our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such
as words, gestures, and [another / other] acts [that / what] can stand for [something else / else
something].

When someone [says / is said], “I’m hungry,” we understand the meaning.

[Although / Despite] we do not experience his or her hunger directly, we can equate the
statement with our own feeling of hunger.

[Because of / Because] our responses to others’ communications [is / are] based on our own
experiences, our communication difficulties are often based on different interpretations of the
same symbolic words or gestures.

My hunger may not be as [immediate / immediately] as yours.

The temperature of the room may not feel as [cold / coldly] to me.

My experiential background or slower cognitive processing may mean [what / that] it takes me
longer [arriving / to arrive] at a similar understanding of a problem [that / what] [appear /
appears] [obvious / obviously] to you.
- 123 -

(symbolic / the / communication / is / another’s / of / in / meaning / based / interpretation)

(someone / cannot / because / meaning / to understand / his or her / intended / head / we /
else’s / be / inside), (symbols / interpretations / of / depend on / of / our own / we / the use),
(and / words, / something / stand for / such as / can / that / acts / gestures, / else / other)

(someone / when / “I’m hungry” / says,), (understand / we / the meaning)

(directly / do / we / although / experience / hunger / his or her / not), (the statement / feeling
of hunger / equate / our own / with / we / can)

(experiences / because / to / are / responses / based / our / our own / on / communications /
others’), (of / communication / the / often / interpretations / or / different / difficulties / same /
symbolic / our / on / gestures / words / are / based)
- 124 -

(not / yours / my / may / immediate / as / hunger / as / be)

(feel / me / of / may / cold / to / the temperature / not / as / the room)

(slower / mean / processing / experiential / my / cognitive / background / may / or) (that /
longer / of / it / similar / me / a / at / takes / understanding / to arrive / a problem) (appears
/ you / to / obvious / that)
- 125 -
(A) My hunger may not be as immediate as yours. The temperature of the room may not feel as
cold to me. My experiential background or slower cognitive processing may mean that it takes
me longer to arrive at a similar understanding of a problem that appears obvious to you.
(B) Meaning is based in the symbolic interpretation of another’s communication. Because we cannot
be inside someone else’s head to understand his or her intended meaning, we depend on our
own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as words, gestures, and other acts that can
stand for something else.
(C) When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the meaning. Although we do not experience
his or her hunger directly, we can equate the statement with our own feeling of hunger.
Because our responses to others’ communications are based on our own experiences, our
words or gestures.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 126 -
meaning, based, symbolic, interpretation, another, communication

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________

다른 어떤 것을 나타낼 수 있는 말들과 몸짓들, 그 밖의 다른 행위들과 같은 상징들의 사용에 대한
우리 나름의 해석들에 의존한다.2)
because, cannot, inside, someone, else, his or her, intended, meaning, depend,
own, interpretation, use, symbol, word, gesture, other, act, that, stand for, something
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________, ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
someone, say, understand, meaning

______________ ______________ ______________, “______________ ______________,” ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
4. 비록 우리가 그 사람의 배고픔을 직접 경험하지는 않지만 우리는 그 말을 우리 자신의 배고픔이라는

느낌과 같은 것이라고 생각할 수 있다.4)
although, experience, his or her, hunger, directly, equate, statement, own, feeling
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 127 -
5. 다른 사람이 전달하는 바들에 대한 우리의 반응들이 우리 자신의 경험들에 근거하고 있기 때문에 우

리의 의사소통의 어려움들은 흔히 동일한 상징적 단어들이나 몸짓들에 대한 서로 다른 해석들에 기
반한다.5)
because, response, others, communication, based, own,
difficulty, often, different, interpretation, same, symbolic, word, gesture
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
hunger, immediate, yours

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
temperature, feel, cold

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

experiential, background, cognitive, processing, mean, it,

take, arrive, similar, understanding, problem, that, appear, obvious
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ that ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 128 -
본문 해석지
11강 - Exercise 12
The force of gravity dominating our world makes us live 우리 세계를 지배하는 중력의 힘 때문에 우
in an anisotropic space, that is, space in which dynamics 리는 비등방성 공간, 즉 역학 관계가 방향에
따라 달라지는 공간에 살게 된다.
varies with direction.
To rise upward means to overcome resistance — it is 위로 올라가는 것은 저항을 이겨 내는 것을

always a victory. 의미하기 때문에 그것은 언제나 승리이다.
To descend or fall is to surrender to the pull from below, 내려가거나 떨어지는 것은 아래에서 당기는
and therefore is experienced as passive compliance. 힘에 굴복하는 것이고, 따라서 수동적 순응
으로 경험된다.
It follows from this unevenness of space that different 서로 다른 위치가 역학적으로 같지 않다는
locations are dynamically unequal. 것은 이러한 공간의 불균형에서 생겨난다.
Here, physics can help us, by pointing out that because 여기서 물리학이 우리에게 도움을 줄 수 있
moving away from the center of gravity requires work, the 는데, 이는 중력의 중심으로부터 멀어지는
것은 일을 필요로 하므로 높은 곳에 있는
potential energy in a mass high up is greater than that in
덩어리의 위치 에너지는 낮은 곳에 있는 것
one low down. (덩어리)의 그것(위치 에너지)보다 더 크다는
점을 짚어 줌으로써 그렇게 할 수 있다.
Visually an object of a certain size, shape, or color will 겉으로는 일정한 크기, 모양, 색깔의 물체가
carry more weight when placed higher up. 더 높은 곳에 위치할 때 더 많은 무게를 가
질 것이다.
Therefore, balance in the vertical direction cannot be 그러므로, 동일한 물체를 다른 높이에 위치
obtained by placing equal objects at different heights. The 시켜서는 수직 방향에서의 균형을 얻을 수
없다. 더 높은 곳에 있는 것은 더 가벼워야
higher one must be lighter.
한다.
An experimental demonstration with regard to size is Langfeld는 크기와 관련해 실험적으로 증명

한 것을 언급하였는데, “측정하지 않고 수직
mentioned by Langfeld: “If one is asked to bisect a
선을 이등분하도록 하면, 사람들은 거의 예
perpendicular line without measuring it, one almost 외 없이 지나치게 높게 표시를 한다.
invariably places the mark too high.
- 129 -
If a line is actually bisected, it is with difficulty that one 실제로 선이 이등분되면, 위쪽 절반이 아래
can convince oneself that the upper half is not longer 쪽 절반보다 길지 않다는 것을 납득하는 것
은 정말 어렵다.”
than the lower half.”
This means that if one wants the two halves to look alike, 이는 두 개의 반쪽이 똑같아 보이게 하고
one must make the upper half shorter. 싶다면, 위 반쪽을 더 짧게 해야 한다는 것
을 의미한다.
- 130 -
1. The force of gravity dominating our world makes us live in an anisotropic space, that is, space in
which dynamics varies with direction.1)
우리 세계를 ______________는 ______________의 ______________ 때문에 우리는 ______________ 공간,
______________ ______________ 가 방향에 따라 ______________는 공간에 살게 된다.
2. To rise upward means to overcome resistance — it is always a victory.2)

위로 올라가는 것은 ______________을 ______________는 것을 의미하기 때문에 그것은 언제나 승리이다.
3. To descend or fall is to surrender to the pull from below, and therefore is experienced as
passive compliance.3)
______________거나 떨어지는 것은 아래에서 당기는 힘에 ______________는 것이고, 따라서 ______________
______________으로 경험된다.
4. It follows from this unevenness of space that different locations are dynamically unequal.4)
서로 다른 ______________가 ______________ 같지 않다는 것은 이러한 공간의 ______________에서 생겨난다.
5. Here, physics can help us, by pointing out that because moving away from the center of gravity
requires work, the potential energy in a mass high up is greater than that in one low down.5)
여기서 물리학이 우리에게 도움을 줄 수 있는데, 이는 중력의 중심으로부터 멀어지는 것은 일을 필요
로 하므로 높은 곳에 있는 ______________의 ______________는 낮은 곳에 있는 것(덩어리)의 그것(위치 에
너지)보다 더 크다는 점을 짚어 줌으로써 그렇게 할 수 있다.
6. Visually an object of a certain size, shape, or color will carry more weight when placed higher
up.6)
______________ 일정한 크기, 모양, 색깔의 물체가 더 높은 곳에 위치할 때 더 많은 무게를 가질 것이다.
7. Therefore, balance in the vertical direction cannot be obtained by placing equal objects at
different heights. The higher one must be lighter.7)
그러므로, 동일한 물체를 다른 높이에 위치시켜서는 ______________ 방향에서의 균형을 ______________
수 없다. 더 높은 곳에 있는 것은 더 가벼워야 한다.
- 131 -
8. An experimental demonstration with regard to size is mentioned by Langfeld:“If one is asked to

bisect a perpendicular line without measuring it, one almost invariably places the mark too high.8)
Langfeld는 크기______________ ______________으로 ______________한 것을 ______________였는데, ”측정하지
않고 ______________선을 ______________도록 하면, 사람들은 거의 ______________ 지나치게 높게 표시를
한다.
9. If a line is actually bisected, it is with difficulty that one can convince oneself that the upper half
is not longer than the lower half.“9)
실제로 선이 이등분되면, 위쪽 절반이 아래쪽 절반보다 길지 않______________는 것은 정말 어렵다.”
10. This means that if one wants the two halves to look alike, one must make the upper half
shorter.10)
이는 두 개의 반쪽이 똑같아 보이게 하고 싶다면, 위 반쪽을 더 짧게 해야 한다는 것을
______________.
- 132 -
1. 우리 세계를 지배하는 중력의 힘 때문에 우리는 비등방성 공간, 즉 역학 관계가 방향에 따라 달라지
는 공간에 살게 된다.1)
The ______________ of ______________ ______________ our world makes us live in an ______________
space, ______________ ______________, space in which ______________ ______________ with direction.
2. 위로 올라가는 것은 저항을 이겨 내는 것을 의미하기 때문에 그것은 언제나 승리이다.2)

To rise upward means to ______________ ______________ — it is always a victory.
3. 내려가거나 떨어지는 것은 아래에서 당기는 힘에 굴복하는 것이고, 따라서 수동적 순응으로 경험된다.3)
To ______________ or fall is to ______________ to the pull from below, and therefore is experienced
as ______________ ______________.
4. 서로 다른 위치가 역학적으로 같지 않다는 것은 이러한 공간의 불균형에서 생겨난다.4)

It follows from this ______________ of space that different ______________ are ______________ unequal.
5. 여기서 물리학이 우리에게 도움을 줄 수 있는데, 이는 중력의 중심으로부터 멀어지는 것은 일을 필요

로 하므로 높은 곳에 있는 덩어리의 위치 에너지는 낮은 곳에 있는 것(덩어리)의 그것(위치 에너지)보
다 더 크다는 점을 짚어 줌으로써 그렇게 할 수 있다.5)
Here, physics can help us, by pointing out that because moving away from the center of gravity
requires work, the ______________ ______________ in a ______________ high up is greater than that in
one low down.
6. 겉으로는 일정한 크기, 모양, 색깔의 물체가 더 높은 곳에 위치할 때 더 많은 무게를 가질 것이다.6)

______________ an object of a certain size, shape, or color will carry more weight when placed
higher up.
7. 그러므로, 동일한 물체를 다른 높이에 위치시켜서는 수직 방향에서의 균형을 얻을 수 없다. 더 높은

곳에 있는 것은 더 가벼워야 한다.7)
Therefore, balance in the ______________ direction cannot be ______________ by placing equal objects
at different heights. The higher one must be lighter.
- 133 -
8. Langfeld는 크기와 관련해 실험적으로 증명한 것을 언급하였는데, “측정하지 않고 수직선을 이등분하

도록 하면, 사람들은 거의 예외 없이 지나치게 높게 표시를 한다.8)
An ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ size is ______________ by
Langfeld: ”If one is asked to ______________ a ______________ line without measuring it, one almost
______________ places the mark too high.
9. 실제로 선이 이등분되면, 위쪽 절반이 아래쪽 절반보다 길지 않다는 것을 납득하는 것은 정말 어렵다.“9)

If a line is actually bisected, it is with difficulty that one can ______________ ______________
______________ the upper half is not longer than the lower half.”
10. 이는 두 개의 반쪽이 똑같아 보이게 하고 싶다면, 위 반쪽을 더 짧게 해야 한다는 것을 의미한다.10)

This ______________ that if one wants the two halves to look alike, one must make the upper half
shorter.
- 134 -
1. The force of gravity dominating our world makes us live in an anisotropic space, that is, space in
which dynamics varies with direction.1)
2. To rise upward means to overcome resistance — it is always a victory.2)
3. To descend or fall is to surrender to the pull from below, and therefore is experienced as
passive compliance.3)
4. It follows from this unevenness of space that different locations are dynamically unequal.4)
5. Here, physics can help us, by pointing out that because moving away from the center of gravity
requires work, the potential energy in a mass high up is greater than that in one low down.5)
6. Visually an object of a certain size, shape, or color will carry more weight when placed higher
up.6)
7. Therefore, balance in the vertical direction cannot be obtained by placing equal objects at
different heights. The higher one must be lighter.7)
8. An experimental demonstration with regard to size is mentioned by Langfeld: “If one is asked to
bisect a perpendicular line without measuring it, one almost invariably places the mark too high.8)
9. If a line is actually bisected, it is with difficulty that one can convince oneself that the upper half
is not longer than the lower half.“9)
10. This means that if one wants the two halves to look alike, one must make the upper half shorter.10)
- 135 -
The force of gravity [dominating / dominated] our world [make / makes] us [live / to live] in an
anisotropic space, that is, space [which / in which] dynamics varies with direction.

[Rise / To rise] upward [mean / means] to overcome resistance — it is always a victory.
[Descend / To descend] or fall [is / are] [surrendered / to surrender] to the pull from below, and
therefore [is / are] [experiencing / experienced] as passive compliance.

It follows from this unevenness of space [that / what] different locations are dynamically unequal.

Here, physics can help us, by [point / pointing] out [what / that] [because / because of] moving
away from the center of gravity [require / requires] work, the potential energy in a mass high up
[is / are] greater than [that / those] in one low down.

Visually an object of a certain size, shape, or color will carry more weight when [placing /
placed] higher up.

Therefore, balance in the vertical direction cannot be [obtaining / obtained] by [placing / place]
equal objects at different heights. The higher one must be lighter.
- 136 -

An experimental demonstration with regard to size [is / are] [mentioning / mentioned] by
Langfeld: ”If one is [asking / asked] [bisect / to bisect] a perpendicular line without [measure /
measuring] it, one almost invariably places the mark too high.

If a line is actually [bisecting / bisected], it is with difficulty [what / that] one can convince
oneself [that / what] the upper half is not longer than the lower half.”

This means [that / what] if one wants the two halves [looking / to look] alike, one must make
the upper half shorter.
- 137 -
(us / of / the force / our world / dominating / gravity / live / anisotropic / makes / an / space
/ in), that is, (space / with / varies / dynamics / in which / direction).

(to overcome / to rise / means / upward / resistance) — (a victory / is / always / it)
(to / from / below / to surrender / is / or / fall / to descend / the pull), (as / experienced / is
/ passive / and therefore / compliance)

(space / it / from / this / of / follows / unevenness) (unequal / dynamically / different / are /
locations / that)

Here, (can / physics / help / us), (pointing out / that / by) (from / of / requires / moving away
/ work / because / gravity / the center), (the potential energy / down / in / mass / one / is /
that / low / than / high / greater / a / up / in).
- 138 -

Visually (will / an object / shape, / carry / size, / color / weight / more / or / of / a / certain)
(higher / when / placed / up).

Therefore, (by / cannot / objects / at / balance / direction / the / vertical / equal / obtained /
in / be / heights / placing / different). (must / lighter / be / one / the higher)

(an / size / with regard to / experimental / demonstration) (mentioned / Langfeld / by / is): ”(it
/ line / measuring / is / one / without / a / asked / if / perpendicular / to bisect), (the mark /
too / one / almost / places / high / invariably)

(actually / a line / if / bisected / is), (oneself / longer / that / can / convince / is / with / than
/ it / difficulty / the lower half / one / is / that / the upper half / not)”

(this / that / means) (to look alike / one / if / the / wants / two / halves), (half / the / one /
must / shorter / upper / make)
- 139 -
(A) It follows from this unevenness of space that different locations are dynamically unequal. Here,
physics can help us, by pointing out that because moving away from the center of gravity
requires work, the potential energy in a mass high up is greater than that in one low down.
Visually an object of a certain size, shape, or color will carry more weight when placed higher
up. Therefore, balance in the vertical direction cannot be obtained by placing equal objects at
different heights. The higher one must be lighter.
(B) The force of gravity dominating our world makes us live in an anisotropic space, that is, space
in which dynamics varies with direction. To rise upward means to overcome resistance — it is
always a victory. To descend or fall is to surrender to the pull from below, and therefore is
experienced as passive compliance.
(C) An experimental demonstration with regard to size is mentioned by Langfeld: “If one is asked to
bisect a perpendicular line without measuring it, one almost invariably places the mark too high.
If a line is actually bisected, it is with difficulty that one can convince oneself that the upper
half is not longer than the lower half.” This means that if one wants the two halves to look
alike, one must make the upper half shorter.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 140 -
force, gravity, dominate, make, anisotropic, space, in, dynamics vary, direction
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, that
is, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

upward, mean, overcome, resistance, victory
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ —
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
descend, fall, surrender, pull, below, passive, compliance
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, and therefore ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
4. 서로 다른 위치들이 역학적으로 같지 않다는 것은 이러한 공간의 불균형에서 생겨난다.4)

follow, unevenness, space, that, different, location, dynamically, unequal
It ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

physics, help, point out, that, because, move away,
center, gravity, require, potential, mass, great, that, down
Here, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 141 -

visually, object, certain, shape, carry, weight, when, place
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________, or ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
7. 그러므로, 동일한 물체들을 다른 높이에 위치시켜서는 수직 방향에서의 균형을 얻을 수 없다. 더 높

은 곳에 있는 것은 더 가벼워야 한다.7)
balance, vertical, direction, cannot, obtain, place, equal, heights, one, must, light
Therefore, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________

experimental, demonstration, regard, mention, one, ask, bisect,
perpendicular, without, measure, one, almost, invariably, place, mark, too
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ by Langfeld: ”______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.

actually, bisect, with, difficulty, that, one, convince, that, upper, not, longer, low
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, it ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.”

mean, that, if, one, want, look, alike, must, make, upper
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 142 -
Answer Key 수능특강 영어 11강
정답 6) 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 정치 기관들은 이용자가 자체

2022년 고3 EBS 수능특강 영어 규정을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할 수 있게 해야 한다.
8단계 WORKBOOK 정답
11강 - Gateway
본 콘텐츠는 해당 출판사로부터 교과서 라이센스를 획득하여
이그잼포유에서 제작하였습니다. 본 콘텐츠에 대한 저작권은 1) that / are / bringing
이그잼포유가 소유하고 있으며, 콘텐츠의 전부 또는 일부를 2) that / affected / to participate / to change
무단 전재하거나 배포하는 것은 저작권법에 의한 법적 책임 3) who / monitor / control / given
을 물을 수 있습니다. 본 콘텐츠의 레이아웃 및 편집에 대한
4) that / coming / for which
저작권 침해 행위 또한 금지하고 있습니다.
5) given / solving
6) to devise / ensure
11강 - Gateway
11강 - Gateway
1) 공유지 / 안정적인 / 제도적 / 해결책 / 을 가져오 / 중요
한 / 요인
1) Elinor Ostrom found that there are several factors critical
2) 에 참여할 / 지적했다
to bringing about stable institutional solutions to the
3) 감시하 / 위임
problem of the commons.
4) 중요한 / 통찰 / 국가 권력 / 중앙 (정부) 지향적 / 전망 /
2) She pointed out / the actors affected by the rules for
에 비해
the use and care of resources / must have the right to
5) 민주적 / 갈등 / 참여할 권한 / 강조한다
participate in decision to change the rules
6) 정치 기관들 / 규정 / 고안하 / 독립적으로 / 준수
3) For that reason, the people who monitor and control
the behavior of users should also be users and/or have
11강 - Gateway been given a mandate by all users.
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) 4) This is a significant insight, as it shows that prospects
1) factors / critical / bringing about / stable / institutional are poor for a centrally directed solution to the problem
/ solutions / commons of the commons coming from a state power in
2) pointed out / participate in comparison with a local solution for which users assume
3) monitor / mandate personal responsibility.
4) significant / insight / prospects / centrally directed / 5) Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic
state power / in comparison with decision processes / that all users must be given access
5) emphasizes / democratic / access / conflicts to local forums for solving problems and conflicts
among themselves
6) Political institutions / devise / regulations / independently
/ observance 6) Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels
must allow users to devise their own regulations and
11강 - Gateway
11강 - Gateway
1) Elinor Ostrom은 공유지 문제에 대한 안정적인 제도적 해
결책을 가져오는 데 중요한 몇 가지 요인이 있음을 알게
되었다. 1) (B) - (C) - (A)
2) 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규칙의 영향을 받

는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경하는 결정에 참여할 권리가 있 11강 - Gateway
어야 한다고 지적했다. Part 7. 영작 연습
3) 그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 1) Elinor Ostrom found that there are several factors critical
또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용자에 의한 위임을 to bringing about stable institutional solutions to the
받았어야 한다. problem of the commons.
4) 이것은 중요한 통찰인데, 왜냐하면 그것이 보여주기를, 국 2) She pointed out, for instance, that the actors affected by
가 권력에서 나오는 공유지 문제에 대한 중앙 (정부) 지향 the rules for the use and care of resources must have
적 해결책의 전망이 이용자가 개인적 책임을 지는 지역적 the right to participate in decision to change the rules.
인 해결책에 비해 열악하기 때문이다. 3) For that reason, the people who monitor and control
5) Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의 중요성과 모든 the behavior of users should also be users / have been
이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제와 갈등을 해결하기 위한 given a mandate by all users
지역 포럼에 참여할 권한이 주어져야 한다고 강조한다. 4) This is a significant insight, as it shows that prospects
- 143 -
are poor for a centrally directed solution to the problem 5) is

of the commons coming from a state power in
comparison with a local solution for which users assume 11강 - Exercise 01
personal responsibility.
5) Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic
1) If simple observation were the only factor in determining
decision processes / that all users must be given access
our knowledge of reality / nothing at all can be more
to local forums for solving problems and conflicts
certain than the fact / that the Earth is stationary
among themselves
2) For thousands of years / humankind has observed the
6) Political institutions at central, regional, and local levels
turning of the stars / (apart from the odd earthquake) /
must allow users to devise their own regulations and
point / from which to observe all other movement
3) To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and
11강 - Exercise 01 turns on its axis on a daily basis is to move away from
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) simple experience, to start to interpret what is seen in
1) 관찰 / 결정하 / 요인 / 정지해 the light of a theory.
2) 은 제외하고 / 관찰할 / 고정된 4) Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that
3) 매일 / 자전한다 / 이론 / 의 관점에서 / 해석하 we are hurtling through space.
4) 돌진하고 있 5) Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis
5) 적합하지 않은 for any scientific theory.
11강 - Exercise 01 11강 - Exercise 01

Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
1) observation / factor / determining / stationary 1) (C) - (D) - (A) - (B)
2) apart from / fixed / observe
3) turns on its axis / on a daily basis / interpret / in the 11강 - Exercise 01
light of / theory Part 7. 영작 연습
4) hurtling 1) If simple observation were the only factor in determining
5) inadequate our knowledge of reality / nothing at all can be more
certain than the fact that the Earth is stationary
11강 - Exercise 01 2) For thousands of years humankind has observed the
Part 3. 해석 연습 turning of the stars / (apart from the odd earthquake)

1) 만약 단순한 관찰이 우리의 현실에 관한 지식을 결정하는
point from which to observe all other movement
데 있어서 유일한 요인이라면, 지구가 정지해 있다는 사실
보다 더 확실한 것은 결코 없다. 3) To accept that the Earth moves around the Sun and
turns on its axis on a daily basis is to move away from
2) 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따
simple experience, to start to interpret what is seen in
금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든 움직임을 관찰할
the light of a theory.
수 있는 고정된 지점으로서 자기 발밑의 땅을 경험해왔다.
4) Against all the evidence of our senses, we ‘know’ that
3) 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는 것을 받아들이
we are hurtling through space.
는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어나는 것, 즉 눈에 보이는 현
상을 이론의 관점에서 해석하기 시작하는 것이다. 5) Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis
for any scientific theory.
4) 우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는
우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고 있다는 것을 ‘알고 있다’.
5) 따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학 이론에도 적합 11강 - Exercise 02
하지 않은 근거가 된다. Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
1) 자존감
11강 - Exercise 01 2) 과제 / 길 / 상당히
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 3) 부인할 수 없 / 미성숙함 / 해답 / 말로 / 영향력이 있
1) were / determining / that 4) 대처하 / 그렇게 함으로써 / 친화적인
2) has / to observe 5) 를 다루
3) To accept / that / turns / is / to move / to start / what 6) 를 위한 장을 마련하
4) that
- 144 -
11강 - Exercise 02 verbally

Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) 4) Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly /
1) self‑esteem who attempt to cope with difficulties instead of avoiding
2) considerable / route / challenges them / thereby expose their children early to a pro‑self‑esteem
problem‑solving strategy
3) undeniable / immaturity / resolution / influential / verbally
4) cope with / thereby / pro‑ 5) Those who avoid dealing with difficulties reveal a negative
route for handling the challenges and problems of life.
5) dealing with
6) it is important to remember that modeling helps set the
6) set the stage for
stage for healthy self‑esteem or problems with it
11강 - Exercise 02
11강 - Exercise 02
1) Coopersmith는 자신의 1967년 저서에서 최초로 어머니와 자
1) (D) - (B) - (C) - (A) - (E)
녀의 자존감 수준 사이에 정적 상관관계가 있음을 언급했다.
2) 그러나 Bednar, Wells 및 Peterson은 부모가 실제로 자신의
어려운 과제, 갈등 및 쟁점을 처리하는 방식을 통해 자녀에 11강 - Exercise 02
게 자존감에 이르는 길을 ‘보여 준다’는 점을 지적함으로써 Part 7. 영작 연습
이 요소를 상당히 활용했다. 1) Coopersmith first noticed a positive relationship between
3) 부모의 행동이 자녀의 자존감에 미치는 영향은 부인할 수 self‑esteem levels in mothers and their children
없지만, 아이들의 미성숙함을 감안할 때, 자존감 문제에 대 2) Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of
한 부모 자신의 해답을 표현하는 것은 그들이 말로 가르치 this factor by pointing out / parents actually show their
는 것보다 훨씬 더 영향력이 있다. children the route to self‑esteem by how they handle
4) 인생의 어려운 과제를 솔직하게 드러내 놓고 직시하고, 어 their own challenges, conflicts, and issues
려움을 피하는 대신 대처하려고 시도하는 부모는 그렇게 3) The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem
함으로써 자녀가 자존감 친화적인 문제 해결 전략을 일찍 is undeniable; given the immaturity of children / parents’
접하게 한다. expression of their own resolution of the self‑esteem
5) 어려운 일을 처리하는 것을 피하는 사람들은 삶의 어려운 question is far more influential than what they teach
과제와 문제를 다루는 데 부정적인 길을 드러내 보인다. verbally
6) 어느 쪽이든, 모델이 되는 것은 건강한 자존감 혹은 그것에 4) Parents who face life’s challenges honestly and openly
관한 문제를 위한 장을 마련하는 것을 돕는다는 것을 기억 and who attempt to cope with difficulties instead of
하는 것이 중요하다. avoiding them thereby expose their children early to a
pro‑self‑esteem problem‑solving strategy.
11강 - Exercise 02 5) Those who avoid dealing with difficulties reveal a negative
route for handling the challenges and problems of life.
6) Either way, it is important to remember that modeling
1) noticed
helps set the stage for healthy self‑esteem or problems
2) pointing / that / they handle
with it.
3) is / far
4) who / face / who / attempt / avoiding
11강 - Exercise 03
5) avoid / dealing / handling
6) remember / that / set Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
1) 매력 있 / 재미있는 / 일화 / 를 찾
2) 간결하게 / 편집자 / 한 입 거리
11강 - Exercise 02
3) 특집 기사 / 설교 / 독백 / 에 / 잘 맞아떨어진다
4) 첫머리 / 원고 / 흩어져 있는 / 예화 / 인간화한다
1) Coopersmith first noticed a positive relationship between
5) 획기적 발견 / 획기적 발견 / 집어넣 / 기억에 남
self‑esteem levels in mothers and their children
6) 통계 자료 / 흥미진진한 / 의미
2) Bednar, Wells, and Peterson made considerable use of
this factor / by pointing out that parents actually show
their children the route to self‑esteem / by how they 11강 - Exercise 03
handle their own challenges, conflicts, and issues Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
3) The impact of parents’ behavior upon the child’s self‑esteem 1) engaging / entertaining / identify / anecdotes
is undeniable / given the immaturity of children / parents’ 2) tightly / bites / editor
expression of their own resolution of the self‑esteem 3) are / at home in / sermons / monologues / feature
question / is far more influential than what they teach stories
- 145 -
4) leads / illustrations / scattered / manuscript / humanize anecdotes that showed rather than told the significance
5) breakthrough / memorable / inserts / breakthrough of the key points.
6) statistics / compelling / significance
11강 - Exercise 03
11강 - Exercise 03 Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
Part 3. 해석 연습 1) (B) - (C) - (D) - (A)
1) 작가가 매력 있고 재미있는 글을 창조해 낼 수 있는 한 가지
방법은 일화를 찾아서, 쓰고, 배치하는 것을 배우는 것이다. 11강 - Exercise 03
2) 이 간결하게 쓰인 짧은 이야기들은 한 편집자가 글의 ‘초콜 Part 7. 영작 연습
릿 칩’이라고 묘사하는 매우 맛있는 작은 한 입 거리이다. 1) One way that a writer can create engaging and entertaining
3) 그것들은 특집 기사에 못지않게 연설, 설교, 코미디의 독백, articles is by learning to identify, write and place anecdotes.
책에도 잘 맞아떨어진다. 2) These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites
4) 그것들은 첫머리, 결말 또는 원고 전체에 흩어져 있는 예화 that one editor describes as the “chocolate chips” of
로서의 역할을 잘한다. 그것들은 무미건조한 데이터를 인간 articles.
화한다. 3) They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy
5) 예를 들면 다음과 같다. 중요한 의학의 획기적 발견에 대한 monologues and books / are in feature stories
글에는 온갖 중요한 정보가 담겨 있을 수 있지만, 저자가 4) They work well as leads, endings or illustrations scattered
의학의 획기적 발견으로 인해 생명을 건진 환자에 대한 일 throughout a manuscript. They humanize dry data.
화를 집어넣을 때 그 글은 기억에 남게 된다.
5) Example: An article about a major medical breakthrough
6) 사람들은 다른 사람들에 대해 읽기를 원한다. 독자들은 놀 may contain all sorts of important information / the
라운 통계 자료, 흥미진진한 세부 사항, 또는 이야기의 요 article becomes memorable / the author inserts an
점을 잊어버린 지 오랜 후에도, 핵심 요점의 의미를 말하기 anecdote about a patient whose life is saved because of
보다는 보여 주었던 다채로운 일화를 기억한다. the medical breakthrough
6) People want to read about other people. / readers forget
11강 - Exercise 03 the surprising statistics, compelling details or key points
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 of a story, they remember the colorful anecdotes that
1) that / is / learning / to identify / write / place showed rather than told the significance of the key
2) that points
3) as
4) scattered 11강 - Exercise 04
5) memorable / whose / because of Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
6) to read / surprising / that 1) 산업화 이후 / 인식된 / 기업들 / 기반 시설 / 조작 / 역설적
2) 대체 / 간결하 / 원자 / 불가피한 / 엄청난
11강 - Exercise 03 3) 시각화하 / 이용할
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 4) 소비하 / 광범위하게 / 오염시킨다
1) One way that a writer can create engaging and entertaining 5) 급격히 / 아마 틀림없이 / 혁명 / 결과
articles is by learning to identify, write and place anecdotes. 6) 가능해질
2) These tightly written mini‑stories are delicious little bites
that one editor describes as the “chocolate chips” of 11강 - Exercise 04
articles. Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
3) They are as much at home in speeches, sermons, comedy 1) perceived / postindustrial / firms / infrastructure / manipulation
monologues and books as they are in feature stories. / paradoxical
4) They work well as leads, endings or illustrations scattered 2) displacement / concise / inevitable / atoms / massive
throughout a manuscript. They humanize dry data. 3) visualize / exploit
5) An article about a major medical breakthrough / may 4) consume / pollute / extensively
contain all sorts of important information / the article
5) dramatically / arguably / consequence / revolution
becomes memorable / when the author inserts an
6) enabled
anecdote about a patient / whose life is saved because
of the medical breakthrough
6) People want to read about other people. Long after
11강 - Exercise 04
readers forget the surprising statistics, compelling details
or key points of a story, they remember the colorful
- 146 -
1) (적어도 서양 세계에서) 최근 수십 년간 산업 사회에서 산 increased dramatically in recent years, arguably as a

업화 이후 사회로의 인식된 변화를 고려할 때, 정보경제 기 direct consequence of the digital revolution.
업들이 물적 기반 시설과 물체의 조작에 계속 의존하는 것 6) this increase is not only enabled by information technology
은 역설적이지는 않다고 할지라도 놀라운 일이다. but required by it
2) 정보 사회의 아주 중요한 특성이 Wired 잡지의 편집자
Kevin Kelly가 묘사한 것처럼 “우리 경제 체제 내에서 정보 11강 - Exercise 04
에 의한 물질의 대체”라거나, 혹은 MIT 교수 Nicholas
Negroponte의 훨씬 더 간결하고 기억에 남는 말로, “원자
1) (B) - (A) - (C)
에서 비트로”의 불가피한 변화라는 거듭된 주장에도 불구
하고, 실제로 일어난 일은 우리의 물리적 환경과의 상호
작용의 엄청난 ‘증가’이다. 11강 - Exercise 04
3) 정보 기술은 인간이 환경을 보다 효율적으로 시각화하고 Part 7. 영작 연습
탐색하고 이용할 수 있게 한다. 1) Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the
4) 우리는 더 많이(그리고 더 널리) 여행하고, 더 많이(그리고 Western world, at least) from an industrial to a
더 세계적으로) 소비하고, 더 많이(그리고 더 광범위하게) postindustrial society, the continued dependence of
오염시킨다. information‑economy firms on material infrastructure
5) 지구를 누비고 다니는 물자의 양은 최근 몇 년 동안 급격 and the manipulation of physical objects is surprising, if
히 증가했는데, 이는 아마 틀림없이 디지털 혁명의 직접적 not paradoxical.
인 결과 때문일 것이다. 2) Despite repeated claims / the defining characteristic of
6) 사실, 이러한 증가는 정보 기술에 의해서 가능해질 뿐만 아 the information society is “the displacement in our
니라 그것에 의해 ‘요구되기’도 한다. economy of materials by information,” / Wired magazine
editor Kevin Kelly has described it / in the even more
concise and memorable words of / the inevitable shift
11강 - Exercise 04
“from atoms to bits” — what has in fact occurred is a
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 massive increase in our interaction with our physical
1) is / surprising environment
2) Despite / that / even / is 3) Information technologies allow humans to visualize,
3) to visualize / explore / exploit explore, and exploit our environment more efficiently.
4) consume / pollute 4) We travel more (and more broadly), consume more (and
5) moving more globally), pollute more (and more extensively).
6) enabled / required 5) The amount of material moving around the planet has
increased dramatically in recent years, arguably as a
11강 - Exercise 04 direct consequence of the digital revolution.
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 6) this increase is not only enabled by information technology
1) Given the perceived shift in recent decades (in the but required by it
Western world, at least) from an industrial to a

postindustrial society, the continued dependence of 11강 - Exercise 05
information‑economy firms on material infrastructure Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
and the manipulation of physical objects is surprising, if 1) 작용할
not paradoxical. 2) 거리 / 분비 / 장소 / 체액
2) Despite repeated claims / the defining characteristic of 3) 휩쓸려
the information society is / the displacement in our
4) 세포외 / 인근
economy of materials by information / as Wired
5) 혈당치 / 췌장 / 분비된
magazine editor Kevin Kelly has described it / in the
6) 간 / 저장 / 공급 / 받아들이
even more concise and memorable words of MIT
7) 자극한다
professor Nicholas Negroponte / the inevitable shift
8) 분비 / 억제한다
“from atoms to bits” / what has in fact occurred is a
9) 농도
massive increase in our interaction with our physical
environment 10) 매우 / 일정하
3) Information technologies allow humans to visualize,

explore, and exploit our environment more efficiently.
4) We travel more (and more broadly), consume more (and 11강 - Exercise 05
more globally), pollute more (and more extensively). Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
5) The amount of material moving around the planet has 1) act
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2) Distance / fluid / secretion / site long way away.

3) swept off 2) Distance is not a problem: there just needs to be a
4) vicinity / extra‑cellular fluid, such as blood, connecting the site of secretion
5) secreted / pancreas / blood sugar levels with the site of action.
6) liver / take up / storage / provision 3) When they enter the blood, they are swept off to all
7) stimulating parts of the body, reaching everywhere the blood goes.
8) inhibit / secretion 4) they may also act locally / within the vicinity of the
9) concentration extra‑cellular fluid
10) remarkably / constant 5) insulin is secreted into the blood by cells in the
pancreas / when blood sugar levels rise
6) It reaches the liver and muscles / makes them take up
11강 - Exercise 05
some sugar for storage or energy provision
7) At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas
1) 호르몬은 그것이 만들어지는 곳 가까이서 또는 멀리 떨어
right next to the ones that secreted it, stimulating them
진 곳에서 작용할 수 있다.
to produce other hormones.
2) 거리는 문제가 되지 않으며, 분비 장소와 작용 장소를 연결
8) These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far
하는, 혈액과 같은 체액만 있으면 된다.
and also inhibit further insulin secretion.
3) 그것이 혈액 속으로 들어가면, 그것은 신체의 모든 부분으
9) As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to
로 휩쓸려 들어가 혈액이 가는 모든 곳에 도달한다.
the amount by which the sugar concentration has risen.
4) 그러나 그것은 또한 세포외액 인근에서 국소적으로 작용할
10) This combination of local and distant effects is one reason
수도 있다.
why sugar levels stay remarkably constant in most people
5) 예를 들어, 인슐린은 혈당치가 상승할 때 췌장 안의 세포에
most of the time.
의해 혈액 속으로 분비된다.
6) 그것은 간과 근육에 도달하여 그것들이 저장이나 에너지
11강 - Exercise 05
공급을 위해 약간의 당분을 받아들이게 한다.
7) 그와 동시에, 인슐린은 그것(인슐린)을 분비한 세포 바로 옆
1) (C) - (B) - (A)
에 있는 췌장 안의 세포에 영향을 미쳐, 그것이 다른 호르
몬을 생성하도록 자극한다.
8) 이들 호르몬은 혈당이 너무 많이 떨어지는 것을 막고 또한 11강 - Exercise 05
더 이상의 인슐린 분비를 억제한다. Part 7. 영작 연습
9) 그 결과, 인슐린 반응은 혈당 농도가 상승한 만큼의 양에 1) Hormones can act close to where they are made or a
정확히 맞춰진다. long way away.
10) 이러한 국소적 효과와 원거리 효과의 결합은 혈당치가 대 2) Distance is not a problem: there just needs to be a
부분의 경우에 대부분의 사람들에게 매우 일정하게 유지 fluid, such as blood, connecting the site of secretion
되는 한 가지 이유이다. with the site of action.
3) When they enter the blood, they are swept off to all
11강 - Exercise 05 parts of the body, reaching everywhere the blood goes.
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 4) they may also act locally, within the vicinity of the
extra‑cellular fluid
1) made
5) insulin is secreted into the blood by cells in the
2) needs / to be / connecting
pancreas when blood sugar levels rise
3) swept / reaching
6) It reaches the liver and muscles and makes them take
4) act
up some sugar for storage or energy provision.
5) secreted
7) At the same time, insulin affects cells in the pancreas
6) makes / take
right next to the ones that secreted it, stimulating them
7) that / stimulating / to produce / other
to produce other hormones.
8) falling / inhibit
8) These hormones stop blood sugar from falling too far
9) adjusted / by which
and also inhibit further insulin secretion.
10) is / constant
9) As a result, the insulin response is exactly adjusted to
the amount by which the sugar concentration has risen.
11강 - Exercise 05 10) This combination of local and distant effects is one
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) reason why sugar levels stay remarkably constant in
1) Hormones can act close to where they are made or a most people most of the time.
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1) going
11강 - Exercise 06 2) feels like
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) 3) like
1) 시작할 / 쉽게 4) is
2) 가장 간단한 5) because / spared
3) 외견상의 / 간단함 / 착각 6) buying
4) 복잡하 7) simple / because / growing / harvesting / shipping /

turning
5) 의식 / 면하게 되 / 복잡하
8) to be
6) 땅콩 / 병
9) having / it was / generated
7) 수확 / 가공 / 운송 / 용기 / 제작
10) going
8) 접촉 영역
9) 해석 / 생성되 / 에 관심을 가질
10) 진행되고 있 11강 - Exercise 06
11강 - Exercise 06 1) As you go about your day, / your eyes are open / you
effortlessly understand most of the information going
into them
1) go about / effortlessly
2) It feels like the simplest thing in the world.
2) simplest
3) like the song “MMMBop” by Hanson / the apparent
3) apparent / simplicity / illusion
simplicity is an illusion
4) complex
4) The human vision system is really complex.
5) complicated / conscious minds / spared
5) It just doesn’t feel complicated because our conscious
6) jar / peanut
minds are spared just about everything except the final
7) harvesting / shipping / processing / manufacture / container
product.
8) interface
6) It’s kind of like buying a jar of peanut butter.
9) interpretation / concern itself with / generated
7) It feels simple / that’s because you don’t have to think
10) going on
about growing peanuts, harvesting them, shipping them
to a processing plant, turning them into peanut butter,
11강 - Exercise 06 the manufacture of a plastic container, the printing of
Part 3. 해석 연습 the label, and the shipping
1) 하루를 시작할 때, 여러분은 눈이 뜨이고 눈으로 들어오는 8) Your interface only needs to be a store and some money.
정보 대부분을 쉽게 이해한다. 9) your conscious mind enjoys a rich interpretation of
2) 그것은 세상에서 가장 간단한 일 같아 보인다. what’s in front of you / without having to concern itself
3) 그러나, Hanson의 노래 ‘MMMBop’처럼 외견상의 간단함은 with the details of how it was generated
착각이다. 10) there’s a lot going on under the hood
4) 인간의 시각 체계는 정말 복잡하다.
5) 우리의 의식이 최종적인 결과물을 제외한 (다른) 모든 것에 11강 - Exercise 06
는 수고를 면하게 되기 때문에 그것이 복잡하게 느껴지지 Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
않을 뿐이다. 1) (D) - (A) - (B) - (C)
6) 그것은 땅콩버터 한 병을 사는 것과 다소 비슷하다.
7) 간단하게 느껴지지만, 그것은 여러분이 땅콩의 재배, 그것
11강 - Exercise 06
의 수확, 가공 공장으로의 운송, 땅콩버터 제조, 플라스틱
용기의 제작, 라벨 인쇄, 배송에 대해 생각할 필요가 없기
1) As you go about your day, your eyes are open, and you
때문이다.
effortlessly understand most of the information going
8) 여러분의 접촉 영역은 상점과 약간의 돈이면 된다.
into them.
9) 그와 유사하게, 여러분의 의식은 여러분 앞에 있는 것에 대
2) It feels like the simplest thing in the world.
한 풍부한 해석을, 그것이 어떻게 생성되었는지에 대한 세
3) like the song / by Hanson, the apparent simplicity is an
부적인 내용에 관심을 가질 필요 없이 누린다.
illusion
10) 그러나, 그 이면에는 많은 것들이 진행되고 있다.
4) The human vision system is really complex.
5) It just doesn’t feel complicated because our conscious
11강 - Exercise 06
minds are spared just about everything except the final
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 product.
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6) It’s kind of like buying a jar of peanut butter. 6) 그래서 얼마나 잘 알고 있는지에 관한 질문을 다시 논의하
7) It feels simple / because you don’t have to think about 도록 요청받았을 때, 실험대상자들은 자신의 평점을 급격히
growing peanuts, harvesting them, shipping them to a 낮췄다.
processing plant, turning them into peanut butter, the 7) 심리학자 Rebecca Lawson은 학생들에게 작동 방식을 대략
manufacture of a plastic container, the printing of the 그려서 자전거가 어떻게 작동하는지 설명하도록 요구하는
label, and the shipping 비슷한 실험을 수행했다.
8) Your interface only needs to be a store and some 8) 결과는 놀라웠는데, 대부분의 사람은 자전거가 우리 일상생
money. 활에서 매우 익숙한 물건임에도 불구하고 그 과업을 완수
9) Similarly, your conscious mind enjoys a rich interpretation 할 수 없었다.
of what’s in front of you without having to concern itself 9) 사람들이 실제보다 자신이 훨씬 더 많이 알고 있다고 생각
with the details of how it was generated. 하는 이 현상은 설명 깊이의 착각으로 알려지게 되었다.
10) there’s a lot going on under the hood
11강 - Exercise 07
11강 - Exercise 07 Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) 1) a zipper works
1) 작동하 / 수세식 변기 2) Knowing / they work
2) 물건들 / 고도의 지능이 요구되는 일 3) these simple items function
3) 대단히 / 과대평가한다 4) to rate / they understood
4) 평가해 5) explain / the objects worked
5) 참가자들 / 자세히 6) asked / to revisit / they understood
6) 다시 논의하 / 실험대상자들 / 평점 / 급격히 / 낮췄다 7) where / to explain / sketching / a bicycle works
7) 방식 / 을 대략 그려 / 수행했다 8) such
8) 놀라웠 / 과업 9) thinking / much / do / has / be known
9) 현상 / 설명 / 착각
11강 - Exercise 07
11강 - Exercise 07 Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) 1) Do you understand how a zipper works? How about a
1) works / flush toilet flush toilet?
2) objects / rocket science 2) These objects seem basic enough. Knowing how they
3) drastically / overestimate work isn’t exactly rocket science.
4) rate 3) people drastically overestimate their understanding of
5) participants / in detail how these simple items function
6) revisit / subjects / drastically / lowered / ratings 4) In one study, Leon Rozenblit and Frank Keil asked
7) performed / sketching out / mechanism people to rate from one to seven how well they
understood the workings of such objects.
8) striking / task
5) They then asked participants to actually explain in detail
9) phenomenon / illusion / explanatory
how the objects worked. Many were simply unable to
do so.
11강 - Exercise 07
6) when asked to revisit the question of how well they
Part 3. 해석 연습 understood / subjects drastically lowered their ratings
1) 여러분은 지퍼가 어떻게 작동하는지 이해하는가? 수세식
7) Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a similar experiment
변기는 어떤가?
where students were asked to explain, by sketching out the
2) 이 물건들은 꽤 간단한 것처럼 보인다. 그것들이 어떻게 작 mechanism, how a bicycle works.
동하는지 아는 것은 고도의 지능이 요구되는 일은 전혀 아
8) The results were striking — most people were unable to
니다.
complete the task, even though a bicycle is such a
3) 그러나 사람들은 이러한 간단한 품목들이 어떻게 기능하는 familiar object in our daily lives.
지에 관한 자신의 이해를 대단히 과대평가한다.
9) This phenomenon, of people thinking they know much
4) 한 연구에서, Leon Rozenblit와 Frank Keil은 사람들에게 1 more than they actually do, has come to be known as
에서 7까지의 척도로 자신들이 그러한 물체의 작동 방식을 the illusion of explanatory depth.
얼마나 잘 알고 있는지 평가해 달라고 요청했다.
5) 그러고 나서 그들은 참가자들에게 그 물체가 어떻게 작동
11강 - Exercise 07
하는지 실제로 자세히 설명해 달라고 요청했다. 많은 사람
이 전혀 그렇게 할 수 없었다.
- 150 -
1) (C) - (B) - (A) 1) 텔레비전은 일부 아이들을 학습 장애의 상태로 몰아넣는

방식으로 뇌를 바꾸고 있는지도 모른다.
11강 - Exercise 07 2) Jerome L. Singer는 “텔레비전 수상기, 그리고 특히 끊임없

이 바뀌는 짧은 장면을 영리하게 사용하는 상업 방송 텔레
비전이 (텔레비전에 대한) 지향 반응을 극대화하는 끊임없
1) Do you understand how a zipper works? How about a
는 감각 폭격으로 우리의 주의를 계속 끈다.”라고 지적한다.
flush toilet?
3) 어린이 방송 프로의 제작자들은 아이들의 주의를 끌기 위
2) These objects seem basic enough. Knowing how they
해 지각의 속임수를 사용하는 것을 특히 좋아한다.
work isn’t exactly rocket science.
4) 이렇게 아이들의 주의를 이리저리 뒤흔들면 아이들의 주의
3) people drastically overestimate their understanding of
지속 시간 단축이 초래될 수 있다.
how these simple items function
5) 사람들이 훨씬 더 흥미롭거나 신기한 것에 자신의 주의를
4) In one study / asked people to rate from one to seven
빼앗기고 있을 때 한 가지 일에 집중하는 것은 어렵다.
how well they understood the workings of such objects
6) 결국 아이들은 주의를 기울이라고 요구하는 것에 굴복하고
5) asked participants to actually explain in detail how the
그 흐름을 따른다.
objects worked / Many were simply unable to do so.
7) 그들은 또 다른 것이 나타나서 첫 번째 것을 대체할 것이
6) when asked to revisit the question of how well they
기 때문에 어떤 것이라도 하나를 분석하려는 것은 소용없
understood, subjects drastically lowered their ratings
다고 생각하여 수동적이 된다.
7) Psychologist Rebecca Lawson performed a similar experiment
where students were asked to explain, by sketching out the
mechanism, how a bicycle works. 11강 - Exercise 08
8) The results were striking — most people were unable to Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
complete the task, even though a bicycle is such a 1) that / push
familiar object in our daily lives. 2) changing / holds / that / maximizes
9) This phenomenon, of people thinking they know much 3) using / get
more than they actually do, has come to be known as 4) lead
the illusion of explanatory depth. 5) concentrate / pulled / even / interesting
6) go
11강 - Exercise 08 7) passive / thinking / that / try / because / replace
1) 장애 / 상태 / 바꾸고 있 11강 - Exercise 08
2) 끊임없이 / 장면 / 상업 방송 텔레비전 / 지향 반응 / 극대 Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
화하 / 끊임없는 / 감각 / 폭격 / 지적한다 1) Television may be altering the brain in ways that push
3) 지각의 / 속임수 / 좋아한다 some children into a condition of a learning disability.
4) 뒤흔들 / 주의 지속 시간 / 단축 2) Jerome L. Singer points out, “The TV set, and particularly
5) 신기한 / 빼앗기 / 에 집중하 commercial television with its clever use of constantly
6) 에 굴복하 / 을 따른다 changing short sequences, holds our attention by a
7) 나타나 / 분석하 / 수동적 constant sensory bombardment that maximizes orienting
responses.”
11강 - Exercise 08 3) Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of

using perceptual tricks to get children’s attention.
4) This jerking children’s attention around can lead to a
1) altering / condition / disability
shortening of children’s attention spans.
2) points out / commercial television / constantly / sequences
5) It is hard for people to concentrate on one thing when
/ constant / sensory / bombardment / maximizes /
they are having their attention pulled away by an even
orienting responses
more interesting or novel thing.
3) are / fond of / perceptual / tricks
6) children give in to the demanding for attention and go
4) jerking / around / shortening / attention spans
with the flow
5) concentrate on / pulled away / novel
7) They become passive, thinking that it is useless to try to
6) give in to / go with
analyze any one thing because another thing will come
7) passive / analyze / come along
along and replace the first thing.
11강 - Exercise 08
11강 - Exercise 08
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1) (C) - (A) - (B) Part 3. 해석 연습

1) Karmiloff‑Smith와 Inhelder는 자신들의 연구에서 실험의 이
11강 - Exercise 08 론 의존성을 보여 주었다.
Part 7. 영작 연습 2) 그들은 아이들에게 폭이 좁은 금속 레일 위에서 나무 블록
1) Television may be altering the brain in ways that push 의 균형을 잡아 보라고 했다.
some children into a condition of a learning disability. 3) 다수의 블록은 무게가 균등하게 분배되어 기하학적 중심에
2) Jerome L. Singer points out / “The TV set / particularly 서 균형을 유지했다.
commercial television with its clever use of constantly 4) 다른 블록은 한쪽 끝에 눈에 보이거나 보이지 않는 추가
changing short sequences, holds our attention by a 있어서 중심에서 크게 벗어난 곳에서 균형을 유지했다.
constant sensory bombardment that maximizes orienting 5) 가장 어린 아이들은 이론을 갖고 있는 것 같지 않았는데, 그
responses 들은 균형을 유지할 때까지 그냥 블록을 이리저리 옮겼다.
3) Producers of children’s shows are especially fond of 6) 약 6~7세의 대부분의 아이들은 강한 이론, 즉 사물은 중심
using perceptual tricks to get children’s attention. 에서 균형을 유지한다는 이론을 채택했던 것 같았다.
4) This jerking children’s attention around can lead to a 7) 이 아이들은 블록을 중심에 맞춰 레일 위에 올려놓았다.
shortening of children’s attention spans. 8) 보통의 블록에서는 자료가 이 이론과 잘 맞았지만, 불균형
5) is hard for people to concentrate on one thing when 한 블록에서는 그 이론이 효과가 없었다.
they are having their attention pulled away by an even 9) 이 아이들의 대부분은 ‘기하학적 중심 이론’을 고수하였으
more interesting or novel thing 며, 불균형한 블록은 균형을 유지하기 불가능한 것으로 제
6) children give in to the demanding for attention and go 쳐 놓았다.
with the flow 10) 따라서 우리는, 6~7세 아이들의 실험이 이론의 안내를 따
7) They become passive, thinking that it is useless to try to 르고 있어서 자료가 그 이론에 들어맞지 않으면 아이들은
analyze any one thing because another thing will come 불균형한 블록을 포함하지 않음으로써 그 자료를 조정했
along and replace the first thing. 던 사례를 얻은 것 같다.

Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
1) 이론 의존성 1) showed
2) 좁은 2) to balance
3) 균등하게 / 분배되 / 기하학적 3) distributed
4) 크게 벗어난 4) Other
5) 이론 5) to have
6) 채택했 6) to have / adopted
7) 놓았다 7) placed
8) 보통의 8) came / did / work
9) 기하학적 / 제쳐 놓 9) put
10) 의 안내를 따르 10) to have / where / directed / including

Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
1) theory ladenness 1) In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed
2) narrow the theory ladenness of experimentation.
3) evenly / distributed / geometric 2) They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a
4) far off narrow metal rail.
5) theory 3) A number of the blocks had their weight evenly

distributed so that they balanced at their geometric
6) adopted
center.
7) placed
4) Other blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end
8) ordinary
so that they balanced far off center.
9) geometric / put / aside
5) The youngest children did not appear to have a theory;
10) directed
they simply moved the blocks around until they
balanced.
11강 - Exercise 09 6) At about age six or seven most of the children
- 152 -
appeared to have adopted a strong theory — things 1) 사육되는 / 무리 내의 아비 소들 / 거의 없 / 무리 내의 아

balance in the center. 비 소들 / 관찰할
7) These children placed the blocks on the rail on their 2) 사육 우리 / 목초지 / 장난기 많은 / 또래 친구들 / 몸싸움
centers. 을 할
8) For ordinary blocks / the data came in well for this 3) 호적수 / 공격적인 / 과시하 / 측정할
theory / the theory did not work for the unbalanced 4) 밀치 / 지루함 / 대응하 / 분풀이 / 우선시 되는
blocks 5) 지배권 / 싸움 / 충돌 / 해결된 / 흔한 / 대체 / 을 초래한다
9) Most of these children held to the geometric center 6) 적응하게 되 / 싸움 / 해결하
theory / put the unbalanced blocks aside as impossible
to balance
11강 - Exercise 10
10) we appear to have a case / where the six‑ and
seven-year‑old children’s experiments were directed by
1) domestic / rarely / herd sires / observe / herd sires
theory / when the data did not fit the theory / the
2) feed pens / pastures / wrestle / playful / age‑mates
children adjusted the data / by not including the
3) matched / gauge / displaying / aggressive
unbalanced blocks
4) shoving / preferred / settling a score / counteract /
boredom
11강 - Exercise 09
5) dominance / disputes / settled / conflict / resulting in /
replacement / common
1) (B) - (A) - (C)
6) adjusted / resolve / struggles
11강 - Exercise 09
11강 - Exercise 10
1) In their research, Karmiloff‑Smith and Inhelder showed
1) 사육되는 새끼 수소들은 나이가 더 많은 무리 내의 아비
the theory ladenness of experimentation.
소들 주변에서 자라는 경우가 거의 없기 때문에, 나이가
2) They asked children to balance wooden blocks on a
더 많고 힘이 더 센 수소들과 싸움 놀이를 하거나 무리 내
narrow metal rail.
의 아비 소들을 역할 모델로서 관찰할 기회가 없다.
3) A number of the blocks had their weight evenly
2) 그 대신에 그것들은 사육 우리와 목초지에서 함께 무리를
distributed so that they balanced at their geometric
이루게 되는데, 거기에서 그것들은 장난기 많은 또래 친구
center.
들과만 몸싸움을 할 수 있다.
4) Other blocks had visible or invisible weights on one end
3) 그것들은 모두 매우 동등한 호적수이기 때문에, 공격적인
so that they balanced far off center.
행동을 과시하는 것만으로 서로의 힘을 측정할 수 있는 능
5) The youngest children did not appear to have a theory; 력을 키우지 못한다.
they simply moved the blocks around until they
4) 사실상 사육 우리에서 마음껏 하는 밀치기 시합은 단지 지
balanced.
루함에 대응하기 위해 하는 분풀이의 우선시 되는 수단이
6) At about age six or seven most of the children 된다.
appeared to have adopted a strong theory — things
5) 그 결과, 이 새끼수소들은 모든 지배권 싸움이 신체적 충돌
balance in the center.
에 의해 해결된다고 알게 되어, 야생에서 흔한 심각한 부상
7) These children placed the blocks on the rail on their (과 값비싼 대체 수소)보다 훨씬 더 심각한 것을 초래한다.
centers.
6) 우리의 새끼 수소들을 목초지에서 나이가 더 많은 수소들
8) For ordinary blocks the data came in well for this theory 사이에서 자라게 하면, 그것들은 더 잘 적응하게 되고 싸움
/ the theory did not work for the unbalanced blocks 이 아니라 과시를 통해 대부분의 지배권 싸움을 해결하는
9) Most of these children held to the geometric center 데 필요한 기술을 얻게 된다.
theory / put the unbalanced blocks aside as impossible
to balance
11강 - Exercise 10
10) we appear to have a case where the six‑ and
seven-year‑old children’s experiments were directed by
1) to play / to observe
theory / when the data did not fit the theory, the
2) where
children adjusted the data by not including the
unbalanced blocks 3) Because / to gauge / displaying
4) becomes / settling / counteract
5) that / settled / resulting / far / are
11강 - Exercise 10
6) Letting / grow / makes / gives / resolve
- 153 -
11강 - Exercise 10 1) 상징적 / 해석

Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 2) 의도한 / 을 나타낼
1) Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd 3) 의미
sires / they have no opportunity / to play fight with the 4) 말 / 같은 것이라고 생각할
older, stronger bulls / to observe the herd sires as their 5) 에 근거하고 있
role models 6) 당면한
2) they are grouped together in feed pens and pastures / 7) 온도
where they can wrestle only with their playful age‑mates 8) 배경 / 인지 / 분명해
3) Because they are all so equally matched, they do not
develop an ability to gauge each other’s strength by
11강 - Exercise 11
4) a good shoving match in a feed pen / becomes the
1) symbolic / interpretation
preferred method of settling a score / just to counteract
2) intended / stand for
boredom
3) meaning
5) As a result, these young bulls learn that all dominance
4) equate / statement
disputes are settled by physical conflict, resulting in far
more serious injuries (and expensive replacement bulls) 5) are based on
than are common in the wild. 6) immediate
6) Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among 7) temperature

older bulls / makes them better adjusted / gives them 8) background / cognitive / obvious
the skills necessary to resolve most dominance struggles
through displays, not battles 11강 - Exercise 11
11강 - Exercise 10 1) 의미는 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 상징적 해석에 기
Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단) 반을 둔다.
1) (C) - (A) - (B) 2) 우리가 다른 사람이 의도한 의미를 알기 위해 그 사람의
머릿속으로 들어갈 수 없기 때문에, 우리는 다른 어떤 것
을 나타낼 수 있는 말과 몸짓, 그 밖의 다른 행위와 같은
11강 - Exercise 10
상징의 사용에 대한 우리 나름의 해석에 의존한다.
3) 어떤 사람이 “저 배고파요.”라고 말할 때 우리는 그 의미를
1) Young domestic bulls rarely grow up around older herd
이해한다.
sires / they have no opportunity to play fight with the
4) 비록 우리가 그 사람의 배고픔을 직접 경험하지는 않지만
older, stronger bulls or to observe the herd sires as
그 말을 우리 자신의 배고픔이라는 느낌과 같은 것이라고
their role models
생각할 수 있다.
2) they are grouped together in feed pens and pastures,
5) 다른 사람이 전달하는 바에 대한 우리의 반응이 우리 자신
where they can wrestle only with their playful age‑mates
의 경험에 근거하고 있기 때문에 우리의 의사소통의 어려
3) Because they are all so equally matched, they do not
움은 흔히 동일한 상징적 단어나 몸짓에 대한 서로 다른
develop an ability to gauge each other’s strength by
해석에 기반한다.
6) 나의 배고픔은 여러분의 배고픔만큼 당면한 것이 아닐지도
4) a good shoving match in a feed pen becomes the
모른다.
preferred method of settling a score just to counteract
7) 방의 온도가 나에게는 그만큼 춥게 느껴지지 않을지 모른다.
boredom
8) 나의 경험적 배경 또는 더 느린 인지 처리 과정은, 여러분
5) As a result, these young bulls learn that all dominance
에게 분명해 보이는 어떤 문제에 대한 비슷한 이해에 이르
disputes are settled by physical conflict, resulting in far
는 것이 나에게는 더 오래 걸린다는 것을 의미할지도 모른다.
more serious injuries (and expensive replacement bulls)
than are common in the wild.
6) Letting our young bulls grow up on pasture among 11강 - Exercise 11
older bulls makes them better adjusted and gives them Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
the skills necessary to resolve most dominance struggles 1) is based
through displays, not battles. 2) Because / understand / other / that / something else
3) says
11강 - Exercise 11 4) Although
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) 5) Because / are
- 154 -
6) immediate 7) The temperature of the room may not feel as cold to

7) cold me.
8) that / to arrive / that / appears / obvious 8) My experiential background or slower cognitive processing
may mean / it takes me longer to arrive at a similar
understanding of a problem that appears obvious to you
11강 - Exercise 11
1) Meaning is based in the symbolic interpretation of 11강 - Exercise 12
another’s communication. Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
2) Because we cannot be inside someone else’s head to 1) 지배하 / 중력 / 힘 / 비등방성 / 즉 / 역학 관계 / 달라지
understand his or her intended meaning, we depend on 2) 저항 / 이겨 내
our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as 3) 내려가 / 굴복하 / 수동적 / 순응
words, gestures, and other acts that can stand for 4) 위치 / 역학적으로 / 불균형
something else. 5) 덩어리 / 위치 에너지
3) When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the 6) 겉으로는
meaning. 7) 수직 / 얻을
4) Although we do not experience his or her hunger 8) 와 관련해 / 실험적 / 증명 / 언급하 / 수직 / 이등분하 /
directly, we can equate the statement with our own 예외 없이
feeling of hunger. 9) 다는 것을 납득하
5) Because our responses to others’ communications are 10) 의미한다
based on our own experiences, our communication
difficulties are often based on different interpretations
11강 - Exercise 12
of the same symbolic words or gestures.
6) My hunger may not be as immediate as yours.
1) force / gravity / dominating / anisotropic / that is /
7) The temperature of the room may not feel as cold to
dynamics / varies
me.
2) overcome / resistance
8) My experiential background or slower cognitive processing
3) descend / surrender / passive / compliance
may mean that it takes me longer to arrive at a similar
understanding of a problem that appears obvious to you. 4) unevenness / locations / dynamically
5) potential energy / mass
6) Visually
11강 - Exercise 11
7) vertical / obtained
8) experimental / demonstration / with regard to / mentioned
1) (B) - (C) - (A)
/ bisect / perpendicular / invariably
9) convince oneself that
11강 - Exercise 11
10) means
1) Meaning is based in the symbolic interpretation of
11강 - Exercise 12
another’s communication.
2) Because we cannot be inside someone else’s head to
1) 우리 세계를 지배하는 중력의 힘 때문에 우리는 비등방성
understand his or her intended meaning, we depend on
공간, 즉 역학 관계가 방향에 따라 달라지는 공간에 살게
our own interpretations of the use of symbols, such as
된다.
words, gestures, and other acts that can stand for
2) 위로 올라가는 것은 저항을 이겨 내는 것을 의미하기 때문
something else.
에 그것은 언제나 승리이다.
3) When someone says, “I’m hungry,” we understand the
3) 내려가거나 떨어지는 것은 아래에서 당기는 힘에 굴복하는
meaning.
것이고, 따라서 수동적 순응으로 경험된다.
4) Although we do not experience his or her hunger
4) 서로 다른 위치가 역학적으로 같지 않다는 것은 이러한 공
directly, we can equate the statement with our own
간의 불균형에서 생겨난다.
feeling of hunger.
5) 여기서 물리학이 우리에게 도움을 줄 수 있는데, 이는 중력
5) Because our responses to others’ communications are based
의 중심으로부터 멀어지는 것은 일을 필요로 하므로 높은
on our own experiences, our communication difficulties are
곳에 있는 덩어리의 위치 에너지는 낮은 곳에 있는 것(덩어
often based on different interpretations of the same
리)의 그것(위치 에너지)보다 더 크다는 점을 짚어 줌으로
symbolic words or gestures.
써 그렇게 할 수 있다.
6) My hunger may not be as immediate as yours.
6) 겉으로는 일정한 크기, 모양, 색깔의 물체가 더 높은 곳에
- 155 -
위치할 때 더 많은 무게를 가질 것이다. than the lower half.“

7) 그러므로, 동일한 물체를 다른 높이에 위치시켜서는 수직 10) This means that if one wants the two halves to look
방향에서의 균형을 얻을 수 없다. 더 높은 곳에 있는 것은 alike, one must make the upper half shorter.
더 가벼워야 한다.
8) Langfeld는 크기와 관련해 실험적으로 증명한 것을 언급하 11강 - Exercise 12
였는데, ”측정하지 않고 수직선을 이등분하도록 하면, 사람
들은 거의 예외 없이 지나치게 높게 표시를 한다.
1) (B) - (A) - (C)
9) 실제로 선이 이등분되면, 위쪽 절반이 아래쪽 절반보다 길
지 않다는 것을 납득하는 것은 정말 어렵다.”
11강 - Exercise 12
10) 이는 두 개의 반쪽이 똑같아 보이게 하고 싶다면, 위 반쪽
을 더 짧게 해야 한다는 것을 의미한다. Part 7. 영작 연습
1) The force of gravity dominating our world makes us live
in an anisotropic space / space in which dynamics varies
11강 - Exercise 12
with direction
2) To rise upward means to overcome resistance — it is
1) dominating / makes / live / in which
always a victory.
2) To rise / means
3) To descend or fall is to surrender to the pull from
3) To descend / is / to surrender / is / experienced below / is experienced as passive compliance
4) that 4) follows from this unevenness of space that different
5) pointing / that / because / requires / is / that locations are dynamically unequal
6) placed 5) physics can help us, by pointing out that because
7) obtained / placing moving away from the center of gravity requires work,
8) is / mentioned / asked / to bisect / measuring the potential energy in a mass high up is greater than
9) bisected / that / that that in one low down
10) that / to look 6) Visually an object of a certain size, shape / color will
carry more weight when placed higher up
11강 - Exercise 12 7) balance in the vertical direction cannot be obtained by

placing equal objects at different heights / The higher
one must be lighter.
1) The force of gravity dominating our world makes us live
8) An experimental demonstration with regard to size is
in an anisotropic space / space in which dynamics varies
mentioned / If one is asked to bisect a perpendicular
with direction
line without measuring it, one almost invariably places
2) To rise upward means to overcome resistance — it is
the mark too high
always a victory.
9) If a line is actually bisected / is with difficulty that one
3) To descend or fall is to surrender to the pull from
can convince oneself that the upper half is not longer
below, and therefore is experienced as passive
than the lower half
compliance.
10) This means that if one wants the two halves to look
4) It follows from this unevenness of space that different
alike, one must make the upper half shorter.
locations are dynamically unequal.
5) physics can help us / by pointing out that / because
moving away from the center of gravity requires work /
the potential energy in a mass high up is greater than
that in one low down
6) an object of a certain size, shape, or color will carry
more weight / when placed higher up
7) balance in the vertical direction cannot be obtained by
placing equal objects at different heights / The higher
one must be lighter.
8) An experimental demonstration with regard to size is
mentioned by Langfeld: “If one is asked to bisect a
perpendicular line without measuring it, one almost
invariably places the mark too high.
9) If a line is actually bisected, it is with difficulty that one
can convince oneself that the upper half is not longer
- 156 -

2022 3 Ebs 8 Workbook 11 (20220502 )

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2022년 고3 EBS 수능특강 영어 11강 WORKBOOK

영문과 해석을 읽으며 문장의 의미를 파악합니다.

Ostrom also emphasizes the importance of democratic Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의

영문을 보고 우리말 해석의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

우리말 해석을 보고 영문의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

2. 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규칙의 영향을 받는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경하는 결정에 참

3. 그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용자

5. Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제와 갈등을 해

6. 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 정치 기관들은 이용자가 자체 규정을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할 수 있

영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오.

괄호 안에서 어법상 쓰임이 바른 것을 고르시오.

2. 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규칙의 영향을 받는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경하는 결정에 참

3. 그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용자

5. Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제와 갈등을 해

6. 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 정치 기관들은 이용자가 자체 규정을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할 수 있

Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)

다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.

2. 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원의 이용 및 관리 규칙의 영향을 받는 행위자에게 규칙을 변경하는 결정에 참

3. 그러한 이유로, 이용자의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용자

5. Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제와 갈등을 해

6. 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원의 정치 기관들은 이용자가 자체 규정을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할 수 있

Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)

다음 주어진 문단을 바르게 배열하시오.

◆ 다음 글을 흐름상 알맞게 배열하시오.1)

___________ → ___________ → ___________

다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 순서대로 사용하여 영작하시오.

1. Elinor Ostrom은 공유지 문제에 대한 안정적인 제도적 해결책들을 가져오는 데 중요한 몇 가지 요인

2. 예를 들어, 그녀는 자원들의 이용 및 관리 규칙들의 영향을 받는 행위자들에게 규칙들을 변경하는 결

point out, instance, that, actor, affect, rule, care,

3. 그러한 이유로, 이용자들의 행동을 감시하고 통제하는 사람 또한 이용자이고/이용자이거나 모든 이용

5. Ostrom은 또한 민주적 의사 결정 과정들의 중요성과 모든 이용자에게 자신들 사이의 문제들과 갈등

also, emphasize, importance, democratic, decision, process,

6. 중앙, 지방 및 지역 차원들의 정치 기관들은 이용자들이 자체 규정들을 고안하고 독립적으로 준수할

영문과 해석을 읽으며 문장의 의미를 파악합니다.

For thousands of years humankind has observed the 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관

영문을 보고 우리말 해석의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

5. Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis for any scientific theory.5)

우리말 해석을 보고 영문의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

2. 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든

3. 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어나는 것, 즉

4. 우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고 있다는 것

5. 따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학 이론에도 적합하지 않은 근거가 된다.5)

영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오.

5. Uninterpreted evidence is therefore an inadequate basis for any scientific theory.5)

괄호 안에서 어법상 쓰임이 바른 것을 고르시오.

2. 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든

3. 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어나는 것, 즉

4. 우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고 있다는 것

5. 따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학 이론에도 적합하지 않은 근거가 된다.5)

Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)

다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.

2. 수천 년 동안 인류는 별의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든

3. 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어나는 것, 즉

4. 우리의 감각에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고 있다는 것

5. 따라서 해석되지 않은 증거는 어떠한 과학 이론에도 적합하지 않은 근거가 된다.5)

Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)

다음 주어진 문단을 바르게 배열하시오.

◆ 다음 글을 흐름상 알맞게 배열하시오.1)

___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________

다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 순서대로 사용하여 영작하시오.

2. 수천 년 동안 인류는 별들의 일주 운동을 관찰해 왔고, (이따금 발생하는 지진은 제외하고) 다른 모든

3. 지구가 태양 주위를 돌고 매일 자전한다는 것을 받아들이는 것은 단순한 경험에서 벗어나는 것, 즉

4. 우리의 감각들에서 얻는 모든 증거와는 대조적으로, 우리는 우리가 우주 공간을 가로질러 돌진하고

_____ → _ → _______

_____ → _ → _ → _____

_____ → _ → _ → _ → _______

_____ → _ → _ → _____