2D Force system

• Resolve vector into components using the x and y-axis coordinate system.

𝑭 = 𝑭𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑭 𝒚 𝒋

• The directions are based on the 𝒙 and 𝒚 axes. We use the “Unit Vectors” 𝑖 and
𝑗 to designate the 𝑥 and 𝑦-axes. (For 3D case, 𝑘 for the 𝑧-axis).

𝑭 = 𝑭𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑭𝒚 𝒋 + 𝑭𝒛 𝒌

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 2D Force system

What is the magnitude and direction of the force ??

Force magnitude is 𝑭𝑹 = (𝑭𝒙 )𝟐 + (𝑭𝒚 )𝟐

𝑭𝒚
Force direction is 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝑭𝒙

Two forces or more !!!

𝑭𝟏 = 𝑭𝟏𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑭𝟏𝒚 𝒋

𝑭𝟐 = 𝑭𝟐𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑭𝟐𝒚 𝒋

What is the magnitude and direction of the resultant force??

𝑭𝑹 𝒚 = 𝑭𝟏 𝒚 + 𝑭𝟐 𝒚 𝑭𝑹 = 𝑭𝑹𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑭𝑹𝒚 𝒋
𝑭𝑹 𝒙 = 𝑭𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑭𝟐 𝒙

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 2D Force system
𝑭𝑹 = 𝑭𝑹𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑭𝑹𝒚 𝒋

Resultant force magnitude is 𝐹𝑅 = (𝐹𝑅𝑥 )2 +(𝐹𝑅𝑦 )2 .

𝐹𝑅𝑦
Resultant force direction is 𝜃 = tan −1
𝐹𝑅𝑥

Example 1-2:

Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force for a

rigid body, which is subjected by two forces; 𝑭𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒊 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒋;

𝑭𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒊 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒋 ?

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 2D Force system

Example 1-1: A screw eye is subjected to two forces, F1 and F2. Determine
the Magnitude and Direction of the resultant force?

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 2D Force system

𝑨𝒏𝒔 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝑵, 𝛉 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟖°

What are the 𝒙-component and 𝒚-component of a vector (e.g. force) inclined
by an angle to 𝒙-axis?

𝒙-component is 𝑭𝒙 = 𝑭 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽,
y-component is 𝑭𝒚 = 𝑭 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 .

Example 1-3: In the above figure, if 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵, and 𝜽 = 𝟕𝟓°. Resolve the force into
𝒙 and 𝒚 components.

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 2D Force system

Non - Classic x, y AXIS !!!!

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 2D Force system
Example 1-3 : Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant
force that acting on the eye screw?

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 2D Force system
Example 1- 4: Find the magnitude and angle of the resultant force.

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 Cross Product
𝑨 = 𝑨𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑨𝒚 𝒋 + 𝑨𝒛 𝒌, 𝑩 = 𝑩𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑩𝒚 𝒋 + 𝑩𝒛 𝒌

• The cross product of two vectors A and B results in another vector, C.

𝑪 = 𝑨 × 𝑩.

• The magnitude and direction of the resulting vector can be written as:
𝑪 = 𝑨 × 𝑩 = 𝑨 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒖𝑪.

• As shown, 𝒖𝑪 is the unit vector perpendicular to both A and B vectors.

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 Cross Product

• The right-hand rule is a useful tool for determining the direction of the
vector resulting from a cross product (e.g. 𝒊 × 𝒋 = 𝒌 ).

• Note that a vector crossed into itself is zero, (e.g., 𝒊 × 𝒊 = 𝟎).

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