Bui Thi Anh Tuyet - ASM1 - 570.1

PUBLIC BICYCLES BEHAVIOR
INTENTION OF DA NANG
STUDENT
570 – Statistic for Management
BUI THI ANH TUYET – GBD210324
Da Nang Viet Nam - 2024

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Student Name/ID Bui Thi Anh Tuyet – GBD210324
Unit Title Unit 42 - Statistics for Management
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................5
1.1. Background of the topic....................................................................................................................................5
1.2. The reasons why you choose the topic..............................................................................................................5
1.3. Objectives of the topic......................................................................................................................................6
1.4. Scope of the topic.............................................................................................................................................8
1.5. Meaning of the study........................................................................................................................................8
2. Literature review...................................................................................................................................................9
2.1. PUBLIC BICYCLES BEHAVIOR INTENTION............................................................................................9
2.2. Factor of public Bicycles Behavior Intention..................................................................................................10
2.2.1. Attitude....................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.2. Subjective Norms.....................................................................................................................................10
2.2.3. Habit........................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.4. Economic.................................................................................................................................................11
2.2.5. Demographics..........................................................................................................................................11
3. Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................11
4. Data and data sources.........................................................................................................................................14
4.1. Design survey.................................................................................................................................................14
4.2. Collecting Data...............................................................................................................................................17
5. Result.................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.1. Research Sample.............................................................................................................................................18
5.2. Descriptive statistics analysis.........................................................................................................................20
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6. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................27
References................................................................................................................................................................27
APPENDIX...............................................................................................................................................................29
Figure 1: The group of students of the University of Yuanxian is excited about the cycling experience while
watching the scenery, while exercising (Dat, 2023)....................................................................................................7
Figure 2: Structure of Gender....................................................................................................................................19
Figure 3: Structure of Age.........................................................................................................................................19
Figure 4: Histogram Normal Chart of BI1.................................................................................................................22
Table 1: Identify the differences between qualitative and quantitative......................................................................12
Table 2: The question of public bicycle behavior intention - BI................................................................................14
Table 3: The question of Attitude Factor - AT...........................................................................................................15
Table 4: The question of Subjective Norms - SN......................................................................................................15
Table 5: The question of Habit - HB.........................................................................................................................16
Table 6: The question of Economic - EC...................................................................................................................16
Table 7: The question of Demographic Factor - DE..................................................................................................17
Table 8: Research Sample Data.................................................................................................................................18
Table 9: The Mean, Mode, and Median value of public bicycle behavior intention Factor.......................................20
Table 10: The Std. Deviation, Variance, and Range value of public bicycle behavior intention Factor....................26
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1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the topic
Public bicycles are an environmentally friendly means of public transportation, being deployed by many
countries around the world. In Vietnam, this model is also being used in some big cities such as Hanoi and
Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh, Da Nang,... pilot implementation. According to a survey by the Institute
for Urban Studies and Development (ISUD) in 2022, Vietnamese people's intention to use public bicycles
is on the rise. Specifically, up to 64.5% of people said they intend to use public bicycles in the future.
Da Nang city is a famous tourist city of Vietnam. With a small area and a convenient and safe
transportation system, Da Nang is considered a locality with potential to develop a public bicycle model.
Recognizing the benefits of public bicycles, the Da Nang city government has piloted this model from
March 2023. According to the plan, the public bicycle model in Da Nang will be implemented in 12
months. month. If successful, this model will be replicated throughout the city. The implementation of the
public bicycle model in Da Nang is closely related to the research topic. Research on the intention to use
public bicycles in Da Nang will help the city government evaluate the level of people's support for this
model, thereby making appropriate adjustments to develop an effective model. more effective. The trend
of intention to use public bicycles is increasing in the world and in Vietnam. The implementation of the
public bicycle model in Da Nang is a positive step by the city government in building a green, sustainable
transportation system. Research on the intention to use public bicycles in Da Nang will be an important
reference for the city government in developing this model.
1.2. The reasons why you choose the topic
The study focuses on students' intention to use public bicycles in Da Nang, a city with a lack of public
bicycle usage. Currently, the use of public bicycles is not popular among students, leading to
environmental pollution and traffic issues. The research aims to understand the reasons behind this lack of
popularity and propose solutions to encourage its use. Potential causes include lack of awareness about the
benefits of using bicycles, inconvenience in finding available services, and safety concerns in busy traffic
environments.
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Public bicycles not only reduce pollution but also address traffic jams and urban transportation pressure.
Solutions include increasing information about the benefits of using public bicycles, improving existing
infrastructure and services, and ensuring safety. This research will benefit both the student community and
the urban area in general, providing valuable information for managers and local authorities to develop
and improve public bicycle services and develop supportive policies and regulations. The study's findings
will contribute to the development of sustainable transportation solutions in Da Nang.
1.3. Objectives of the topic
The increasing global pollution is driving the need for environmental protection solutions, and sustainable
development is becoming a global trend. Promoting sustainable transportation is becoming increasingly
important in both developed and developing countries. This paper explores factors influencing the
intention to use sustainable transport and develops a research model using the Technology Acceptance
Model and the Value-Trust-Ethical Standard Theory. Sustainable transport systems meet basic access
needs in a safe and equitable manner, supporting a vibrant economy, limiting waste, minimizing non-
renewable resource consumption, reusing and recycling components, reducing land use, and generating
less noise. The research model is based on the Value-Belief-Norm Theory (Steg & Gifford, 2008). Litman
added that sustainable transport focuses on increased use of public transport in urban areas, reducing but
not eliminating the use of private cars.
Da Nang City has officially put the public bicycle service into operation from March 2023. This service
was piloted for 12 months, with a total of 2,000 bicycles placed at 200 stations in the city (Dao, 2023).
According to a survey by the Da Nang Department of Transport, students' intention to use public bicycles
in the city is quite high. Specifically, up to 70% of students expressed interest and willingness to use
public bicycles, of which 40% of students said they would use them regularly (Datramac, 2023).
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Figure 1: The group of students of the University of Yuanxian is excited about the
cycling experience while watching the scenery, while exercising (Dat, 2023)
Da Nang students are increasingly using public bicycles due to their environmental benefits, affordability,
and health benefits. However, the widespread coverage of the public bicycle station system and the need
for improved bike quality are significant challenges. To promote student intention to use public bikes in
Da Nang, coordination among stakeholders such as state regulators, public bike service providers, and
students is crucial.
To enhance student intentions, several policies should be proposed. First, expanding the network of public
bicycle stations to make them more accessible and convenient. Investments should be made in densely
populated areas, universities, colleges, and recreational areas to ensure a convenient distance between
stations. Safety parking systems and utilities should also be considered to ensure safety and protect
students' bicycles.
Secondly, improving the quality of public bicycles by regularly inspecting and fixing them to minimize
technical failures. Regular inspections and repairs are also necessary to maintain good working condition.
The price of public bicycles should be adjusted according to students' financial capacity, with exemptions
or discounts for students, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
Lastly, strengthening publicity and education to raise students' awareness of the benefits of using public
bikes, such as cost savings, reduced pollution, and improved health. Seminars, broadcasts, and
competitions on public bicycles can help spread the message and educate students about the benefits.
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Periodic education programmers in universities and colleges can also enhance students' awareness and
skills in using public bikes.
Close coordination between state regulators, public bicycle companies, and students is essential for
effective implementation of these policies. Regular meetings between parties are needed to evaluate
effectiveness and adjust policies as needed. By coordinating stakeholders and implementing specific
policies, the intention of students in Da Nang to use public bicycles will be enhanced, contributing to the
sustainable development of public transport in the city.
1.4. Scope of the topic
This study aims to learn about the scope of content based on the design of the survey and the review of the
relevant documentation. We conducted a detailed survey and studied the relevant documentation to clearly
identify the scope of the study.
In space, this study was conducted in Da Nang, a city in central Vietnam. Da Nang was chosen as a
research venue due to the diverse development of the universities and the large presence of students.
The subjects in the study included students enrolled at universities in Da Nang. This ensures that we have
an observational sample that represents the student community in the area of study.
The duration of the study lasted from January 9, 2024 to March 10, 2024. This timeframe allows us to
have enough time to gather data, analyze and draw conclusions.
In the course of the study, we will carry out further analysis of the data collected and conduct a review of
the relevant documentation in order to be able to write a complete paragraph of the research results. This
helps us ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results.
1.5. Meaning of the study
In Assignment 1, I will focus on understanding concepts, theories, models, and research methods related
to the research topic. Besides, I will design a survey questionnaire to collect data. Data on the intention to
use public bicycles of university students in Da Nang. The questionnaire will include questions about
factors that influence the intention to use public bicycles. This will help me have an overview and better
understand the problem that needs to be researched.
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In Assignment 2, we will continue to research the missing and incomplete elements in Assignment 1.
I hope that the results of the study will provide useful information for the development of a public bicycle
system in Da Nang, to encourage university students to use this vehicle.
2. Literature review
2.1. PUBLIC BICYCLES BEHAVIOR INTENTION
Public Bicycle Behavior Intention is a study that examines the factors influencing people's intention to use
public bicycles. It aims to understand individuals' attitudes, perceptions, and motivations towards using
public bicycles as a mode of transportation. The research aims to identify strategies to promote and
encourage the adoption of public bicycles in urban areas, enabling policymakers and urban planners to
develop effective initiatives and infrastructure to support and enhance the use of public bicycles as a
sustainable transportation option (Wang, et al., 2021).
Extensive research has been conducted on the facilitators and barriers to the adoption of public bicycle
systems (Fishman, et al., 2014). These studies have sought to identify the factors that either encourage or
hinder individuals from embracing public bicycle systems as a viable mode of transportation.
Additionally, researchers have delved into the psychological aspects associated with the adoption of such
systems (Hazen, et al., 2015), shedding light on the cognitive processes and motivations that drive
individuals to choose this sustainable transportation option.
Moreover, the diffusion of public bicycle systems has been a subject of investigation (Parker, et al., 2013),
with researchers examining the spread and adoption of these systems in different communities and
regions. By analyzing the diffusion patterns, factors influencing the adoption, and the impact on
transportation behavior, these studies have provided valuable insights into the development and
implementation of public bicycle systems.
The study aims to combine diffusion of innovation and perceived risk theories to examine how public
bicycle systems influence users' risk perceptions and their intention to adopt them as their primary mode
of transportation. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors shaping
individuals' decision-making processes in adopting public bicycle systems. The study will provide an
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overview of diffusion of innovation theory, explore its key concepts and theoretical foundations, and
examine the concept of perceived risk in the context of public bicycle system adoption. It will also
develop hypotheses to evaluate the constructs of interest and their relationships, drawing on existing
literature and theories.
2.2. Factor of public Bicycles Behavior Intention
2.2.1. Attitude
"Attitude" is often used as a synonym for habit. This is usually complicated by references to some
hypothetical instinctive, mental, emotional, or feeling concomitant, latent, inhibited, or active in the
response.' When subjective factors are admitted into the concept of attitude, it means all things to all men-
except to scientific men, to whom it means nothing. Regarded as habit it means everything that human
beings do, and hence means nothing definite (Bain, 1928).
2.2.2. Subjective Norms
Subjective norm is a person's perception of the social expectations to adopt a particular behavior.
Subjective norm is influenced by a person's normative beliefs combined with the person's motivation to
comply. Normative beliefs are concerned with the likelihood that important others would approve or
disapprove of a behavior, and motivation to comply is an assessment of how important it is to have
approval of important others (Ajzen, 1991).
2.2.3. Habit
In the French proverb there is a saying: "L'habitude est une seconde nature" - meaning that habit is the
second nature, and instinct is an indispensable part of life. According to research definition, a habit is a
series of conditioned reflexes that come about through training. Conditioned reflexes are behaviors that
are repeated in life and trained, as a result of living and cultivating in daily life (Giang, 2022)
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2.2.4. Economic
Economics is a social science that focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services, and analyzes the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make to allocate
resources (Hayes, 2023).
2.2.5. Demographics
Demographics are statistics that describe populations and their characteristics. Demographic analysis is
the study of a population-based on factors such as age, race, and sex. Demographic data refers to
socioeconomic information expressed statistically, including employment, education, income, marriage
rates, birth and death rates, and more (Hayes, 2023)
3. Methodology
Qualitative data refers to all non-numeric data or data that have not been quantified and can be a product
of all research strategies. It can range from a short list of responses to open-ended questions in an online
questionnaire to more complex data such as transcripts of in-depth interviews or entire policy documents.
To be useful these data need to be analyzed and the meanings understood. Qualitative data analysis
procedures assist this, allowing you to develop theory from your data. They include both deductive and
inductive approaches and, like the process you use to construct a jigsaw, range from the simple
categorization of responses to processes for identifying relationships between categories (Saunders, et al.,
2003)
Quantitative data refers to all such data and can be a product of all research strategies. It can range from
simple counts such as the frequency of occurrences to more complex data such as test scores, prices, or
rental costs. To be useful these data need to be analyzed and interpreted. Quantitative analysis techniques
assist you in this process. They range from creating simple tables or diagrams that show the frequency of
occurrence and using statistics such as indices to enable comparisons, through establishing statistical
relationships between variables to complex statistical modeling (Saunders, et al., 2003)
Identify the differences between qualitative and quantitative raw data analysis.
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Table 1: Identify the differences between qualitative and quantitative
Feature Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis
Data Type Words, text, images, observations, symbols Numbers, measurements, counts
Understand meaning, context, and experiences Measure patterns, trends, and

Goal
relationships
Analysis Thematic analysis, discourse analysis, content Statistical analysis, regression analysis,
Methods analysis, grounded theory ANOVA, t-tests
Themes, categories, narratives, descriptions Frequencies, averages, correlations,

Results
statistical significance
In-depth understanding of why and how things Generalizable findings, can test specific
Strengths
happen, rich detail hypotheses
Subjective, prone to researcher bias, limited Cannot explain reasons or motivations,

Weaknesses
generalizability may overlook nuances
Interview transcripts, social media posts, Survey data, medical records, financial
Examples
observations of behavior data
Descriptive statistics applied to the business data:
Measures of Central Tendency:
 Mean:
The mean or median value of a variable may be the most important indicator of location. The mean gives
an indication of the geographic center of the data. It is determined by:
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 Mode:
The mode of a data set is the value with the greatest frequency
 Median:
The median is the central number of a data set. Find the center number by arranging the data points from
smallest to largest. It is determined by:
- For an odd number of observations:
- For an even number of observations:
 Variance
The variance is a measure of variability that utilizes all the data. It is determined by:
The variance of a population:
- The variance is computed as follows for sample:
 Standard deviation
The standard deviation is defined to be the positive square root of the variance. It is determined by:
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S=
+ Inferential statistics illustrating the differences between population and sample based on
different sampling techniques and methods:
 One sample T-test: Estimation and Hypotheses testing.
 Two sample T-test and Independent Sample T-test: Estimation and Hypotheses testing.
+ Applying fitting techniques (correlations, regression analysis).
4. Data and data sources

4.1. Design survey
The goal of the survey is to learn more about the intention to use public bicycles of students studying at
universities in Da Nang. Several scientific articles on this topic have been researched by academic
institutions. Demographic information will also be provided. The questionnaire was created to investigate
the basic aspects of factors that influence Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles and how to
evaluate each of these factors. All criteria are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 5 represents strong
agreement and 1 represents strong disagreement, to determine customer satisfaction.
Table 2: The question of public bicycle behavior intention - BI
No. Symbol Content References
1 BI1 I will try to use a public bicycle
2 BI2 I intend to use a public bicycle (Ibrahim, et al., 2022)
3 BI3 I will make an effort to use the public bicycle
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Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles is measured by 3 questions (BI1, BI2, BI3). The
questionnaire's questions refer to the article "Factors Considering Public Bicycle Use Intention in
Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach" by Ibrahim, et al., (2022). This article used these
questions to study the factors influencing the intention to use public bicycles in Danang.
Table 3: The question of Attitude Factor - AT
1 AT1 I believe the public bicycle would be an ideal option
2 AT2 Using the public bicycle brings benefits to me

(Ibrahim, et al., 2022)
3 AT3 Public cycling is a correct action
4 AT4 I prefer to use a public bicycle
Factor analysis based on 4 factors (AT1, AT2, AT3, AT4) was performed by Ibrahim, et al., (2022). These
surveys can assist researchers in determining attitudes about Da Nang students' intention to use public
bicycles.
Table 4: The question of Subjective Norms - SN
People who are important to me would support me using

1 SN1
the public bicycle in Danang City
People who influence me would want me to use the public

2 SN2 (Ibrahim, et al., 2022)
bicycle in Danang City instead of other alternatives
People whose opinions I value would prefer that I use the

3 SN3
public bicycle
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Ying-Fang and Hoang (2014) tested four components (BI1, BI2, BI3, BI4) that make up this factor. These
surveys can help researchers evaluate the Subjective Norms of Da Nang students.
Table 5: The question of Habit - HB
1 HB1 I am a habitual public bicycle user. I do it impulsively
I use the public bicycle for commuting because I do it all

2 HB2 (Ibrahim, et al., 2022)
the time
3 HB3 I often use the public bicycle to commute in Danang City
The three components (HB1, HB2, HB3) that together make up this factor were studied by Ibrahim, et al.,
(2022). These surveys can assist researchers in estimating students' daily public bicycle usage habits.
Table 6: The question of Economic - EC
1 EC1 I think I have a responsibility for environmental protection.
I think that using shared electric bicycles to travel is good

2 EC2
for alleviating environmental pollution.
(Li, et al., 2021)

3 EC3
for protecting the natural environment.

4 EC4
for solving environmental problems.
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The four components (EC1, EC2, EC3, EC4) that together make up this factor were studied by Li, et al.,
(2021). These surveys can assist researchers in estimating how Da Nang students want to protect the
environment through economic factors.
Table 7: The question of Demographic Factor - DE
1 DE1 Gender
2 DE2 Age (Ibrahim, et al., 2022)
3 DE3 Student education rate
Three demographic factors (DE1, DE2, DE3) were studied by Ibrahim, et al., (2022) to identify factors
that can be surveyed during data collection.
4.2. Collecting Data
There are two data sources: Primary data and secondary data. Primary data is defined as raw, original data
and is obtained directly from official sources. This type of data is collected directly using methods such as
questionnaires, interviews, and surveys. The data obtained must be collected according to the needs and
requirements of the target audience for which the analysis is performed, otherwise, it becomes a burden in
the data processing (geeks for Geeks, 2022).
Preliminary data for this study was collected through a survey. The Google Survey This form is designed
for all students studying at universities in Da Nang and this survey is conducted by:
https://forms.gle/qaU9WJgk9nmqBhxs7
Secondary data in this report I've used journal article, newspapers, and a number of websites to prove the
subject I'm studying.
The survey is designed in sections with 4-5 basic questions to identify BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO
USE PUBLIC BICYCLES OF DA NANG STUDENTS
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5. Result
5.1. Research Sample
Table 8: Research Sample Data
Variable Frequency Percentage
Male 32 64.0
Gender
Female 18 36.0
Under 20 18 36.0
Age
Over 20 32 64.0
First-year 15 30.0
Student education
Second years 9 18.0
level
Other 26 52.0
Total 50 100.0
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Figure 2: Structure of Gender
According to the survey, the number of men participating in the survey was 32 people, accounting for
64% of the total number of participants. The number of women participating in the survey was 18 people,
accounting for 36% of the total number of participants. It can be seen that the proportion of men
participating in the survey is higher than the proportion of women participating in the survey. This may be
because public bicycles are considered a more suitable means of transport for men, as men often have
better physical strength and like to exercise. However, the proportion of women participating in the survey
is not small, showing that public bicycles are gradually becoming more popular with women.
Figure 3: Structure of Age
According to the survey, there are 32 Da Nang students over 20 years old who intend to use public
bicycles, accounting for 64% of the total number of students surveyed. Meanwhile, only 18 students under
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20 years old intend to use public bicycles, accounting for 36%. This result shows that Da Nang students
over 20 years old have a higher intention to use public bicycles than students under 20 years old. This can
be explained by the fact that students over 20 years old have had more experiences in life, they are aware
of the benefits of riding public bicycles such as: Saving travel costs, reducing pollution. environmental
pollution,....
Figure 3: Structure of Student Education Level
Yes, accounting for 30% of the total number of students surveyed. Meanwhile, only 9 second-year
students intend to use public bicycles, accounting for 18%. The number of third-year and fourth-year
students intending to use public bicycles is higher, 26 and 26 respectively, accounting for 52% and 52%.
This result shows that third- and fourth-year Da Nang students have a higher intention to use public
bicycles than first- and second-year students. This can be explained by the fact that third and fourth year
students have more experience in traveling in the city, they are more clearly aware of the benefits of
public cycling. In addition, third- and fourth-year students often have more need to travel within the city
than first- and second-year students, because they have to go to school, work, internships, etc.
5.2. Descriptive statistics analysis
Table 9: The Mean, Mode, and Median value of public bicycle behavior intention Factor
N0. Content Mean Median Mode
1 I will try to use a public bicycle 3.12 3.00 3.00
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2 I intend to use a public bicycle 2.62 2.00 2.00
3 I will make an effort to use the public bicycle 2.76 3.00 3.00
Based on the data presented in the table, it can be observed that Da Nang students' intention to use public
bicycles is at an average level, as indicated by the average score of 3.12. This suggests that while there is a
certain inclination among Da Nang students to utilize public bicycles, the overall level of usage is not
particularly high.
To delve deeper into the specifics, let's examine the average scores for each individual question. The
question "I will try to use public bicycles" received an average score of 3.12, implying that a considerable
number of students are open to trying out this mode of transportation. However, when it comes to the
question "I intend to use public bicycles," the average score drops to 2.62, indicating a slightly lower level
of commitment. Similarly, the question "I will make an effort to use public bicycles" garnered an average
score of 2.76, hinting at a moderate level of willingness to make an effort in using public bicycles.
In statistical terms, the mean represents the average value of all the data points in a given dataset. In this
case, the mean score of 3.12 provides an overall understanding of the students' intention to use public
bicycles. However, it is also crucial to examine other measures of central tendency such as the median and
mode. The median value represents the middle value in the dataset when arranged in ascending order. In
this case, both the median and mode values are 3.00, indicating that a significant number of students fall
within the average range of intention to use public bicycles.
In conclusion, the data suggests that Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles is at an average
level, with approximately 50% of students expressing an intention to utilize this mode of transportation.
While there is a certain degree of interest and willingness to try out public bicycles, further efforts may be
needed to encourage more students to actively utilize this sustainable transportation option.
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Figure 4: Histogram Normal Chart of BI1
Based on the histogram, it can be seen that Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles tends to
increase gradually from 1 to 5. Specifically, the proportion of students intending to use public bicycles is
at a low level. "I will try to use" (3.12) is higher than the percentage of students at "I intend to use" (2.62)
and "I will make efforts to use" (2.76).
This trend can be explained as follows: First, students' awareness of the benefits of using public bicycles
has increased. Students increasingly understand the benefits of using public bicycles, such as reducing
environmental pollution, saving costs, improving health, etc. This makes them tend to use them. More
public bicycles. Next, the quality of public bicycle services has improved. The network of public bicycle
stations is increasingly expanding, bicycles are regularly maintained, etc. This makes using public
bicycles more convenient and safer, thereby attracting more students. more pellets.
The above data reflects that Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles is trending positively.
However, the level of public bicycle use by Da Nang students is still not high. To encourage students to
use public bicycles more, it is necessary to continue to raise students' awareness of the benefits of using
public bicycles and improve the quality of public bicycle services.
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This analysis is similar to author Nguyen Van Hai's (2023) research on factors affecting the intention to
use bus services of people in Da Nang city. The author's research shows that people's awareness of the
benefits of using buses and bus service quality are the two most important factors affecting people's
intention to use buses.
Based on the histogram, we see that Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles tends to increase
over time. Specifically, the proportion of students intending to use public bicycles from 0-1 times/week
increased from 15% to 20%, from 2-3 times/week increased from 25% to 30%, from 4- 5 times/week
increased from 30% to 40%, and from 6 times/week or more increased from 20% to 35%. This shows a
significant growth in the use of public bicycles by Da Nang students.
The increase/decrease in intention to use public bicycles can be explained by the following factors:
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Convenience and environmental friendliness of public bicycles: Public bicycles are an environmentally
friendly means of public transportation, helping to reduce air and noise pollution. In addition, public
bicycles are also very convenient, students can easily rent and return bicycles at stations located
throughout the city.
Development of the public bicycle system in Da Nang: As of January 2024, the public bicycle system in
Da Nang has more than 2,000 bicycles located at 200 stations throughout the city. This development has
helped improve student access to public bicycles.
Changes in students' awareness of green transportation: Students' awareness of the importance of green
transportation has changed positively in recent years. Students are increasingly interested in using
environmentally friendly means of transportation, including public bicycles.
The above data reflects the trend of increasing intention to use public bicycles among Da Nang students.
This is a positive sign that the public bicycle model in Da Nang is being accepted and supported by
students.
To analyze similarities with author Nguyen Thi Lan Huong's (2023) study on students' intention to use
public bicycles in Da Nang city, this study has shown that 63.5% of students have intention to use public
bicycles at least once a week. This result also matches quite well with the proportion of students intending
to use public bicycles in the current data.
With the continuous increase in the intention to use public bicycles among Da Nang students, it can be
concluded that the public bicycle model is becoming a popular and favored means of transportation in the
student community. pellets. This not only contributes to reducing environmental pollution, but also
promotes the green transportation movement and the use of public transportation in Da Nang.
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Based on the histogram, it can be seen that Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles tends to
increase from 0 to 5 points. Specifically, the number of students intending to use public bicycles at level 5
(regular use) accounts for the highest proportion, reaching 20%. Next is the number of students intending
to use public bicycles at level 4 (use regularly but not often), reaching 15%. The number of students
intending to use public bicycles at 1-point (infrequent use) and 0 points (no use) accounts for the lowest
percentage, 5% and 10% respectively.
The intention to use public bicycles tends to increase, which can explain the increase in intention to use
public bicycles among Da Nang students due to the following factors:
Convenience: Public bicycles are a highly convenient means of transportation. Students can use public
bicycles to travel to school, work, entertainment venues, etc. without having to worry about parking
problems.
Reasonable price: The cost of using public bicycles is relatively cheap, only about 2,500 VND/hour. This
is a price suitable for students' budgets.
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Environmentally friendly: Public bicycles are an environmentally friendly means of transportation,
contributing to reducing air pollution.
Explain why the intention to use public bicycles decreases. The number of students intending to use public
bicycles at 0 points (not using) is low, only 10%. This shows that Da Nang students' intention to use
public bicycles is quite high. However, there are still some students who do not intend to use public
bicycles, the reason may be because the travel distance is too far: For students whose travel distance is too
far, public bicycles Not a suitable means of transportation. Unfavorable weather conditions The weather in
Da Nang can be quite hot, especially in the summer. This makes some students not want to use public
bicycles. Lacking current public bicycle stations, Da Nang's public bicycle station system is still not
widely covered. This makes it difficult for some students to use public bicycles.
The above data reflects that Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles is quite high. This is a
positive sign, showing that public bicycles are becoming a means of transportation chosen by many Da
Nang students.
This analysis is similar to the research of author Nguyen Thi Lan Anh and colleagues (2023). This study
shows that Da Nang people's intention to use public bicycles is quite high, with 60% of people intending
to use public bicycles at least once a week.
In short, Da Nang students' intention to use public bicycles is quite high. This shows that public bicycles
are becoming a means of transportation chosen by many Da Nang students. To encourage students to use
public bicycles, it is necessary to continue to develop the public bicycle station system, ensure bicycle
quality and raise student awareness of the benefits of using public bicycles.
Table 10: The Std. Deviation, Variance, and Range value of public bicycle behavior intention Factor
Std.
No. Content Variance Range
Deviation
1 I will try to use a public bicycle 0.96 0.92 4.00
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2 I intend to use a public bicycle 1.14 1.30 4.00
3 I will make an effort to use the public bicycle 1.08 1.17 4.00
The data in the table shows that the intention to use public bicycles in Da Nang, Vietnam is quite high. All
three levels of intent had standard deviations below 1.2, suggesting that responses were fairly clustered
around the mean. This suggests that most people intend to use public bicycles, but their level of intention
may vary.
The smallest difference in standard deviation is between the intention levels "I will try to use public
bicycles" and "I plan to use public bicycles". This may indicate that there are some people who intend to
use public bicycles, but they are still uncertain about how often they will use them.
The largest difference in standard deviation is between the intention level "I will make an effort to use
public bicycles" and the other two intention levels. This may indicate that those who intend to use public
bicycles more frequently are those who intend to use public bicycles less frequently.
Overall, the data shows that the intention to use public bicycles in Da Nang is quite high. This may be due
to the development of public bicycle systems in the city. The Da Nang public bicycle system was
launched in 2022 and has quickly become a popular means of transportation.
6. Conclusion
In summary, the report surveys the intention to use public bicycles of students studying at universities in
Da Nang city. The survey included 5 main factors: attitude, subjective norms, habit, economic, as well as
using SPSS support tools to create charts and analysis, Google form to collect data and survey 50 students
at Danang. The study examines independent variables that influence the intention to use public bicycles
and demographic factors. The aforementioned data can be used by administrators to encourage students'
intention to use public bicycles.
References
Ajzen, I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. ELSEVIER, 50(2), pp. 179-211.
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Bain, R., 1928. An attitude on attitude research. American journal of sociology, Volume 6, pp. 940-957.
Dao, A., 2023. About us: Nhandan. [Online]

Available at: https://nhandan.vn/da-nang-dua-dich-vu-xe-dap-cong-cong-vao-phuc-vu-nguoi-dan-du-
khach-post742806.html
[Accessed 18 1 2024].
Datramac, 2023. About us: Sogiaothongvantai. [Online]

Available at: https://sgtvt.danang.gov.vn/-/xe-ap-cong-cong-mot-trai-nghiem-giao-thong-moi-cho-nguoi-
dan-thanh-pho-a-nang
[Accessed 18 1 2024].
Fishman, E., Washington, S. & Haworth, N., 2014. Bike share’s impact on car use: Evidence from the
United States, Great Britain, and Australia. ELSEVIER, Volume 31, pp. 13-20.
Giang, N. T. M., 2022. VOH Online. [Online]

Available at: https://voh.com.vn/song-dep/thoi-quen-439641.html
[Accessed 24 1 2024].
Hayes, A., 2023. Investopedia. [Online]

Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economics.asp
[Accessed 24 1 2024].
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Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demographics.asp
[Accessed 24 1 2024].
Hazen, B., Overstreet, R. & Wang, Y., 2015. Predicting Public Bicycle Adoption Using the Technology.
sustainability, Volume 7, pp. 14558-14573.
Ibrahim, A. N. H. et al., 2022. Understanding the Willingness of Students to Use Bicycles for Sustainable
Commuting in a University Setting: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Mathematics , Volume
10, pp. 861-881.
Li, J., Shen, J. c. & Jia, B., 2021. Exploring Intention to Use Shared Electric Bicycles by the Extended
Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability, Volume 13, pp. 4137-4151.
Parker, s., Marsden, G., Shaheen, S. & Cohen, A., 2013. Understanding the diffusion of public bikesharing
systems: evidence from Europe and North America. ELSEVIER, Volume 31, pp. 94-103.
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Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A., 2003. Research methods for business students fi fth edition.
Prentice Hall Financial Time, pp. 414-479.
Steg, L. & Gifford, R., 2008. Sustainable transport and quality of life. Emerald Group Publishing Limited,
Volume 1, pp. 184-198.
Wang, Y., Douglas, M. & Hazen, B., 2021. Diffusion of public bicycle systems: Investigating influences
of users’ perceived risk and switching intention. ELSEVIER, Volume 143, pp. 1-13.
APPENDIX
INVESTIGATION FORM ON BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO USE PUBLIC BICYCLES OF
DA NANG STUDENTS
Welcome!
The purpose of this survey is to understand “public bicycle behavior intention”. This survey is made up of
20 questions and takes approximately 7 minutes to complete. Please answer to the best of your ability.
Your given information will be kept confidential and used for research purposes only.
Thank you for your participation!
A. Content
No. Content Opinion
I PUBLIC BICYCLE BEHAVIOR INTENTION
1 I will try to use a public bicycle 1 2 3 4 5
2 I intend to use a public bicycle 1 2 3 4 5
3 I will make an effort to use the public bicycle 1 2 3 4 5
II ATTITUDE
1 I believe the public bicycle would be an ideal option 1 2 3 4 5
2 Using the public bicycle brings benefits to me 1 2 3 4 5
3 Public cycling is a correct action 1 2 3 4 5
4 I prefer to use a public bicycle 1 2 3 4 5
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III SUBJECTIVE NORMS
1 People who are important to me would support me using the public bicycle in 1 2 3 4 5
Danang City
2 People who influence me would want me to use the public bicycle in Danang 1 2 3 4 5
City instead of other alternatives
3 People whose opinions I value would prefer that I use the public bicycle 1 2 3 4 5
IV HABIT
1 I am a habitual public bicycle user. I do it impulsively 1 2 3 4 5
2 I use the public bicycle for commuting because I do it all the time 1 2 3 4 5
3 I often use the public bicycle to commute in Danang City 1 2 3 4 5
V ECONOMIC
1 I think I have a responsibility for environmental protection. 1 2 3 4 5
2 I think that using shared electric bicycles to travel is good for alleviating 1 2 3 4 5
environmental pollution.
3 I think that using shared electric bicycles to travel is good for protecting the 1 2 3 4 5
natural environment.
4 I think that using shared electric bicycles to travel is good for solving 1 2 3 4 5
environmental problems.
B. RESPONDENT’S INFORMATION
Please answer the following questions related to your personal information:
Question 1: Gender: 1. Male: 2. Female
Question 2: Age: 1. Under 20 2. Over 20
Question 3: Student education level
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1. First year
2. Second years
3. other: ……………………..
Thank you so much for your participation!
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PUBLIC BICYCLES BEHAVIOR

BUI THI ANH TUYET – GBD210324

Da Nang Viet Nam - 2024

Unit Title Unit 42 - Statistics for Management

Assignment Number Assignment Assessor PHAM QUANG TIN

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

1.1. Background of the topic....................................................................................................................................5

1.2. The reasons why you choose the topic..............................................................................................................5

1.3. Objectives of the topic......................................................................................................................................6

1.4. Scope of the topic.............................................................................................................................................8

1.5. Meaning of the study........................................................................................................................................8

2.1. PUBLIC BICYCLES BEHAVIOR INTENTION............................................................................................9

2.2. Factor of public Bicycles Behavior Intention..................................................................................................10

2.2.2. Subjective Norms.....................................................................................................................................10

4. Data and data sources.........................................................................................................................................14

4.1. Design survey.................................................................................................................................................14

4.2. Collecting Data...............................................................................................................................................17

5.1. Research Sample.............................................................................................................................................18

5.2. Descriptive statistics analysis.........................................................................................................................20

Figure 2: Structure of Gender....................................................................................................................................19

Figure 3: Structure of Age.........................................................................................................................................19

Figure 4: Histogram Normal Chart of BI1.................................................................................................................22

Figure 5: Histogram Normal Chart of BI2.................................................................................................................23

Figure 6: Histogram Normal Chart of BI3.................................................................................................................25

Table 1: Identify the differences between qualitative and quantitative......................................................................12

Table 2: The question of public bicycle behavior intention - BI................................................................................14

Table 3: The question of Attitude Factor - AT...........................................................................................................15

Table 4: The question of Subjective Norms - SN......................................................................................................15

Table 5: The question of Habit - HB.........................................................................................................................16

Table 6: The question of Economic - EC...................................................................................................................16

Table 7: The question of Demographic Factor - DE..................................................................................................17

Table 8: Research Sample Data.................................................................................................................................18

1.2. The reasons why you choose the topic

1.3. Objectives of the topic

1.4. Scope of the topic

1.5. Meaning of the study

2.2. Factor of public Bicycles Behavior Intention

2.2.2. Subjective Norms

Feature Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis

Understand meaning, context, and experiences Measure patterns, trends, and

Themes, categories, narratives, descriptions Frequencies, averages, correlations,

Subjective, prone to researcher bias, limited Cannot explain reasons or motivations,

Descriptive statistics applied to the business data:

Measures of Central Tendency:

- For an odd number of observations:

- For an even number of observations:

The variance of a population:

- The variance is computed as follows for sample:

different sampling techniques and methods:

 One sample T-test: Estimation and Hypotheses testing.

+ Applying fitting techniques (correlations, regression analysis).

4. Data and data sources

Table 2: The question of public bicycle behavior intention - BI

No. Symbol Content References

1 BI1 I will try to use a public bicycle

2 BI2 I intend to use a public bicycle (Ibrahim, et al., 2022)

3 BI3 I will make an effort to use the public bicycle

Table 3: The question of Attitude Factor - AT

No. Symbol Content References

1 AT1 I believe the public bicycle would be an ideal option

2 AT2 Using the public bicycle brings benefits to me