LONG QUIZ

1.Possesses no membranes other than the cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm -
Prokaryote
2. Has a complex cell wall - Prokaryote
3. Contains membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria - Eukaryote

4. Some prokaryotic cells have flagella which are long filamentous appendages that
propel bacteria. Which of the following figures below pertains to an atrichous bacterial
cell?

● None of the figures provided

5. What is the proper manner of dispensing plated culture media?

● Weigh – Dissolve in flask – Dispense – Sterilize

6.Elongated cocci - Cocobacilli

7. Grape-like clusters - Staphylococcus

8. Which of the following statements pertains to serovars?

● Strains with distinctive antigenic properties

9. STATEMENT 1: To express the species, capitalize the first letter of the specific
epithet STATEMENT 2: The genus may be designated by a single-letter
abbreviation.

● Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true

10. Which diagram represents a Gram-negative bacteria?

● B

11. Viruses are

NOT included in
the 5-Kingdom
System of
Classification because?
● Both A and C

12. If a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water, the cell will not burst because of its rigid
cell wall. Which of the following describes the bacterial cell’s kinetics if the pressure
within the cell increases greatly?

13. Some bacteria stain Gram-positive and other stain Gram-negative. This phenomena
is a result of differences in the structure of their?
● Cell wall

14. Virtually no LPS content - Gram Positive Bacteria

15. Can be decolorized to accept counterstain - Gram Negative Bacteria

16. Statement 1: Gram negative cell wall contains a thicker layer if peptidoglycan, outer
membrane, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Statement 2: Gram positive cell wall
contains a thinner layer of peptidoglycan layer.
● Both statements 1 and 2 are false

17. In eukaryotic cells, what are the sites of photosynthesis?

● Plastids

18. Which of the following premises pertains to the image below?

 ● Specimen shows a Gram negative coccobacilli bacteria

19. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

● cell wall - toxin

20. Steps of Viral replication:

● Attachment-Penetration-Uncoating-Macromolecular synthesis-Viral Assembly-
Release

21. STATEMENT 1: Fimbriae help cells adhere to surface STATEMENT 2: Pili are
involved in twitching motility and DNA transfer
● Both of the statements are true

22. If the classification system are arranged correctly, which would be the 4th sequence
of taxa?
● Order

23. Identify the gram reaction of the specimen below.

● Gram Positive

24. Which of the following statements are

INCORRECT?
● Both options D and E

25. Case Analysis: Dr. Sy isolated a motile, gram

positive cell with no visible nucleus. He can
assume that this cell has:
● Ribosomes
26. Microbiologists use mainly this stain to identify all bacteria in the genus
Mycobacterium.
● B. Ziehl-Neelsen Stain

27. Identify the morphological arrangement of the bacteria.

● Streptobacilli

28. Gram Staining Procedure: Arrange the following dyes in correct order.
Crystal Violet --> Gram's Iodine --> Alcohol ---> Safranin

29. STATEMENT 1: In the acid-fast staining procedure, the red dye carbolfuchsin is
applied to a fixed smear. STATEMENT 2: The acid-fast microorganisms retain the
pink or red color because the carbolfucshin is more soluble in the cell wall lipids than in
the acid-alcohol.
● Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false

30. Statement 1: Lithotrophs: All bacteria that inhabit the human body fall into this group
Statement 2: Phototrophs: used CO2 as the sole source of carbon
● Statement 2 is true; statement 1 is false

31. Identify the morphological arrangement of the bacteria.

● Spirochetes
32. The following premises
pertains to Negative Staining,
EXCEPT
● D. Organisms appear as
dark-colored bodies against a light
background

33. Detection of bacilli in stained and acid-washed smears examined microscopically

may provide the initial bacteriologic evidence of the presence of Mycobacteria in a
clinical specimen. Identify the Acid-fast reaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis below.
● AFB Positive

34. Which of the following pairs are mismatched?

 ● Acellular organisms: Archaea

35. Toxins from enterotoxic gram negative bacteria can be transferred outside of the
cell by
●

36. It is a medium mainly used for obligate intracellular bacteria isolation e.g. Rickettsia
and Chlamydia
● Non-synthetic Medium

37. The image below shows Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes growing on

MacConkey Agar. Which of the following statements below is true?
● McConkey agar is an example of a solid media

38. Which one of the following is never found in prokaryotic

cells?
● Cilia

39. Biofilms are medically significant.

● False

40. STATEMENT 1: TDT: lowest temperature that will kill all microorganisms within a
specified time. STATEMENT 2: TDP: length of time necessary to sterilize a pure
culture at a specified temperature.
● Both statements are true

41. Peizophiles thrive deep in the ocean where atmospheric pressure is high. However,
most of the bacteria thrive at normal atmospheric pressure of
● 14.7 pound per square inch

42. What is the optimum pH of most bacteria?

● 6.5 - 7.5

43. The microbes that live on and in the human body are referred to as indigenous
microbiota. Which of the following indigenous normal flora/microbiota are present in the
highest number in the oral region?
● Partially hemolytic streptococci
44. Suppression of unwanted microbes; encouraging desired microbes
● Selective Media
45. Designed specifically to increase numbers of desired microbes to detectable levels
● Enrichment Media

46. Most microorganisms pathogenic for humans grow best in the laboratory when
cultures are incubated at
C. 30–37°C

47. Choose the correct ones for the decreasing order of resistance to sterilization :

● Prions, bacterial spores, bacteria

48. Organism that strictly does not require the presence of oxygen - Obligate Anaerobe
49. Organism requires increased carbon dioxide from 5% to 10% carbon dioxide - Capnopile
Bacteria
50. Organism that requires 2% to 10% oxygen for growth - Microaerophile
51. Base sequencing of DNA or RNA to measure the degree of relatedness of two organisms -
Genotyping
52. Includes readily observable characteristics - Phenotyping

53. A phage that has not been inactivated by proteases is referred to as a

● Prophage

54. Some types of bacteria contain spores. Which of the following best sums up the
main benefit these structures provide for the bacteria?
● Spores are resistant to heat, cold, drying, most chemicals, and boiling

55. Which of the following statements is true?

● B. Microbes are ubiquitous

56. Which of the following describes what transduction is?

● A mechanism that is mediated by viruses, by which DNA from two bacteria may come
together in one cell, thus allowing for recombination

57. Identify the process of gene exchange (refer to the picture)

● Conjugation
58. Identify the culture media and classify its functional
use.
 ● MacConkey agar - Selective-differential

59. The application of iodine is preceded by which step in the Gram staining process.
● Gram staining process : Crystal violet, Iodine, Rapid decolorization with
ethanol, acetone, or a mixture of both, safranin

60. Which of the following would be an example of a specimen or condition that is

inappropriate for microbiology culture?
● A 24-hour urine sample for bacteriology culture.

61. Which of the following corresponds to prions?

● Infectious protein with no associated nucleic acid.

62. India ink stain is used to stain what bacterial structure?

● Capsule

63. Color of growth on artificial media - Phenotypic

64. The presence of an antibiotic resistance DNA sequence - Genotypic

65. The shape of the bacterial cell - Phenotypic

66. The arrangement of the bacterial cells on a microscope slide - Genotypic

67. The ability of the organism to ferment lactose - Phenotypic

68. a. involved in transcriptional regulation - tRNA

69. b. able to grow in the presence or absence of oxygen - Facultative Anaerobe
70. c. maintains selective permeability and cell shape - Cell envelope
71. d. provides a mechanism to evade the human immune system -
72. e. the process of making a new DNA molecule - Replication
73. f. involved in protein translation - tRNA
74. g.contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan - Gram positive bacteria
75. h. final electron acceptor is oxygen - Aerobic respiration
76. i.has an outer and inner membrane - Gram negative bacteria

77. How are viral envelopes obtained during viral assembly?

● As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

78. Identify the "clear halo" structure

● Capsule

79. Statement 1: Cells lose water and shrink when placed into a hypotonic solution.

Statement 2: Cells swell up, and sometimes burst, when placed into a hypertonic
solution.

● Both statements are false. Hypotonic - Swell and burst known as cytolysis.
Hypertonic - Shrinks and shrivel due to losing water.

80. The growth rate of bacteria during the maximum stationary phase of growth is

● Constant

81. Microorganisms that prefer salty environment are called

● D. Halophiles
82. Which of the following is/are true regarding log phase?*

● A. Phase in which the bacteria absorb nutrients, synthesize enzymes, and prepare for
cell division.

B. The bacteria do not increase in number.

C. During thus phase, the concentration of toxic waste products continue to increase. -
Stationary phase

83. Morphologic arrangements of cocci

● Staphylococci

84. Which of the following is the most resistant to destruction by chemicals and heat?

● Spores of Bacillus anthracis

85. STATEMENT 1: A typical virion consists of a genome of either DNA or RNA,

surrounded by a capsid.

STATEMENT 2: The capsid plus the enclosed nucleic acid is referred to as capsomeres

● A. First statement is true, second statement is false

86. Statement 1: Viroids are infectious RNA molecules that cause a variety of plant
diseases.
Statement 2 :Viroids consist of short, naked fragments of single-stranded RNA that can
interfere with the metabolism of plant cells and stunt the growth of plants, sometimes
killing the plants in the process.

● Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true

87. Morphologic arrangements of cocci

● Streptobacilli

88. Some bacteria may lose their characteristic shape because adverse growth
conditions prevent the production of normal cell walls. They are referred to as

A. cell wall–deficient (CWD) bacteria

B. L forms

● C. Both A and B

89. Morphologic arrangements of cocci

● Staphylococci
90. The aseptic collection of blood cultures requires that the skin be cleansed with

● B. 70% alcohol and then 2% iodine or an iodophor

91. Statement 1: Obligate anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and facultative

anaerobes can thrive in an atmosphere devoid of oxygen.

Statement 2: Obligate aerobes and microaerophiles require oxygen

● B. Second statement is true, first statement is false

92. Organisms that thrive deep in the ocean and in oil wells, where the atmospheric
pressure is very high*

● Piezophiles

93. Which one of the aforementioned components does not make up the bacterial cell
envelope?

● Gas vacuole

94. When eubacteria don't produce peptidoglycan precursors or have no cell walls,
they're referred to as

● Mycoplasmas

95. The growth rate of bacteria during the exponential phase of growth is

● Increasing

96. Morphologic arrangements of cocci *

 ● Diplococci

97. Morphologic arrangements of cocci

● Tetrad

98. The picture below shows that:

A. The bacteria have protein appendages that enable it to move.

B. The bacteria is classified as peritrichous bacteria.

C. Both A and B

D. NOTA
99. This method is used for cells or structures that are difficult to stain directly; black dye
nigrosin is commonly used.

A. Gram Staining - In microbiology and bacteriology, Gram stain, is a method of

staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups: gram-positive
bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The name comes from the Danish
bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who developed the technique in 1884.
B. Negative staining employs the use of an acidic stain and, due to repulsion
between the negative charges of the stain and the bacterial surface, the dye will
not penetrate the cell. In negative staining, the results yield a clear cell with a
dark background.
● The acid-fast stain is a laboratory test that determines if a sample of tissue,
blood, or other body substance is infected with the bacteria that causes
tuberculosis (TB) and other illnesses
C. Flagellar staining - The Flagella Stain provides a method for viewing bacterial flagella by
employing crystal violet in an alcoholic solution as the primary stain. During the staining
procedure, the alcoholic solution evaporates and leaves a precipitate around the flagella,
increasing its apparent size to the human eye.

100. Which of the following is not found in gram-positive bacteria but is present in
gram-negative bacteria?

● Lipid A (endotoxin) - Lipid A is the primary immunostimulator of LPS and is responsible

for most of its biological activities, including, the toxicity of LPS, and the activation of
innate immune responses in a structure-dependent manner.

It is found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Gram positive bacteria don't
have outer membrane.

101. During viral assembly, how are viral envelopes acquired?

● B. As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

102. Chemicals used to disinfect inanimate objects, such as bedside equipment and
operating rooms, are called

● B. Disinfectants