Grinding Operations:

Notes:
- smaller grit sizes lead to better surface
finish.
- larger grit sizes lead to larger material
removal rates and coarse surfaces.
-typical range of grit sizes is (8-250).
-grit size 8 is very coarse.
-grit size 250 is very fine.
- selection of grinding wheel type and
size of grits are depending on: 1- type
of surface finish required (fine, medium
or coarse). 2- type of w.p. material (soft,
medium or hard).

Grinding Fluids:
Functions: reducing friction and removing heat from the process are the two
common functions. In addition, washing away chips and reducing temperature of the
work surface are very important in grinding.
 Applications of Grinding:
Cylindrical Grinding:
External Cylindrical Grinding:
-w.p. rotates at surface speed (18-30)m/min.
-Grinding wheel rotates at surface speed
(1200-2000)m/min.
-Infeed: 0.0075-0.075 mm.
-It is used to grind axles, crankshaft, spindles,
bearing, bushings, rolls for rolling mill.
Internal Cylindrical Grinding:
-w.p. rotates at surface speed (20-60)m/min.
-Grinding wheel rotates at surface speed
(1200-2000)m/min.
-It is used to grind inside surface of bearing races and
bushing surfaces.
 Centerless Grinding:
Centerless Grinding Notes:
-as its name suggests, the w.p. is not held between centers.
-to reduce grinding time, thus centerless grinding is used for high-production rate.
-it is used to grind external and internal surfaces of cylinders.

External Centerless Grinding:

-grinding wheel rotates at surface speed
(1200-1800 m/min).
-regulating wheel rotates at much lower speeds and
is inclined at an angle to control throughfeed of
w.p.
-it is used to grind short cylindrical pieces or long
rods.

Internal Centerless Grinding:

-regulating wheel is tilted at small angle to control the
feed of w.p.
-it is used to grind roller bearing race.
Creep Feed Grinding (Deep Grinding):

Deep Grinding Notes:

- it is performed at very high depths of cut and very low feed rates compared to conventional grinding.
-depths of cut are about (1000-10000) times greater than in conventional grinding.
-it can be used in surface grinding to grind the surfaces of slots.
-it can be used in external cylindrical grinding to grind the surfaces of threads and gears.
Advantages:
-high material removal rates.
-improved accuracy.
-reduce temperatures at w.p. surface for formed surfaces.