Wall Finish 2

WALLING
WALLING
WALL Any various upright constructions presenting a continuous surface and
serving to enclose, divide, or protect an area.
EXTERIOR WALL INTERIOR WALL
A wall forming part of the envelope of a
Any wall within a building entirely
building having one face exposed to the
surrounded by exterior walls.
weather or to earth. Also called external wall.
BEARING WALL
A wall capable of supporting an
imposed load, as from a floor or NONBEARING WALL
roof of a building. Also called load- A wall supporting no load other than its own
bearing wall. weight. Also called non-load-bearing wall.
WALLING
BEARING PARTITION PARTITION
An interior wall carrying a structural load. An interior wall dividing a room or
PONY WALLS part of a building into separate
Are low partitions usually divide large areas.
open spaces like office halls, malls,
clinics or in restrooms. Also called knee
wall, cripple wall.
MOVABLE PARTITION
A partition capable of being moved to
different locations. Also called demountable
partition.
NONBEARING PARTITION
An interior wall supporting
no load other than its own
weight.
WALLING COPING
PARAPET A finishing or protective cap or
A low, protective wall at the edge of a course to an exterior wall, usually
terrace, balcony, or roof, esp. that part of sloped or curved to shed water.
an exterior wall, fire wall, or party wall that
rises above the roof.
SPLAYED
GABLE WALL COPING
A wall bearing or crowned by a
gable.
SADDLE
FIRE WALL COPING
A wall having the required fire-resistance
rating to prevent the spread of fire from one
part of a building to another, extending from
the foundation to a parapet above the roof
PARTY WALL
A wall used jointly by contiguous
and having all openings restricted to a
structures, erected upon a line
certain percentage of the wall length.
dividing two parcels of land,
each of which is a separate real-
estate entity.
WALLING
WALL SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL FRAMES
CONCRETE & MASONRY
METAL & WOOD STUD WALLS

WALLING
WALL CONSTRUCTION
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE WALL
PRECAST CONCRETE WALL
TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION WALL
MASONRY WALL
GLASS BLOCK WALL
STONE MASONRY WALL
STUD WALL
WALLING WALL CONSTRUCTION
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE WALL
Concrete deposited, formed cured, and finished in its final position as
part of a structure. Also called cast-in-situ concrete.
FORMWORK
Temporary structure required to
support newly placed concrete,
including the forms and all necessary
supporting members, bracing, and
hardware.
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE WALL FORMWORK
SPREADERS
SNAP TIE
FORM TIE
CONE BOLT
BRACING
WALERS
SHE BOLT
PLYWOOD
SHEATHING
WOOD STUDS
PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANELS
Are cast and seam-cured in a plant off site, transported to the
construction site and set in place with cranes, as rigid components.
SOLID PANELS COMPOSITE PANELS RIBBED PANELS

Width = 8’ or 2.44 m. Width = 8’ or 2.44 m. Width = 8’ or 2.44 m.
Height = 24’ or 7.0 m. Height = 24’ or 7.0 m. Height = 48’ or 14 m.
Thickness = 10’ or 0.25m. Thickness = 12” or 0.3m Thickness = 0.3m. or 0.6m.
PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANELS
SOLID PANELS COMPOSITE PANELS RIBBED PANELS

TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION
Is a method of casting reinforced concrete wall panels on site in a
horizontal position, then tilting them up into their final position.
TILT-UP PANELS
Width = 15’ or 4.5 m.
Height = Varies
Thickness = 0.20m.
MASONRY WALL of UNIT BLOCKS
Consists of modular building blocks bonded together with mortar to for
walls that are durable, fire-resistant, and structurally efficient in
compression.
The most common types of masonry units are bricks, which are heat-
hardened clay units, and concrete blocks, which are chemically
hardened units.
Masonry walls may be constructed as solid walls, cavity walls, or
veneered walls.
Wythe refers to a continuous

vertical section of a wall that is
one masonry unit in thickness.
Brick-made masonry walls are
typically composite walls, having a
facing wythe and a backup wythe.
Wythes may be bonded by masonry

headers or by metal ties.
Concrete masonry units or

(Concrete Hollow Blocks)-made
masonry walls are typically single
wythe.
HORIZONTAL BOND BEAM or LINTELS
HORIZONTAL BOND BEAM
HOLLOW CORES/CELLS
are filled with grout, esp.
those with reinforcements.
FULLBED MORTAR @ end

walls & cross webs form
WALL FOOTING w/ a grouted cells
nominal cross dimensions of:
W=0.30m and D=0.15m
GLASS BLOCK WALL
Glass block is a translucent, hollow block of glass with clear,
textured, or patterned faces, made by fusing two halves together
with a partial vacuum inside.
Nominal Face Dimensions:
6”x6” (0.15m x 0.15m)

8”x8” (0.20m x 0.20m)
12”x12” (0.30m x 0.30m)
Nominal Thickness:
4” (0.10m)
3” (0.075m)
STONE MASONRY
Natural stone is a durable, weather-resistant construction material that may be laid in
mortar much like clay and concrete masonry units to make both bearing and
nonbearing walls.
RUBBLE UNIT ASHLAR UNIT
Are broken stone units used for stone masonry Are squared building stone finely dressed on all
walls often with irregular shapes and undressed faces adjacent to those of other stones so as to
surface. permit very thin mortar joints.
STONE MASONRY
RUBBLE WALLS ASHLAR WALLS
RANDOM RUBBLE RANDOM ASHLAR
COURSE RUBBLE COURSE ASHLAR
SQUARED RUBBLE BROKEN RANGEWORK

STONE MASONRY
RUSTICATION Is a masonry having the visible faces of the dressed stones raised
or otherwise contrasted with the horizontal and usually the vertical
joints, which may be rabbeted, chamfered, or beveled.
STONE MASONRY
QUOIN Refers to an exterior angle of a masonry wall, or one of the
stones or bricks forming such an angle usually differentiated
from adjoining surfaces by material, texture, color, size, or
projection.
STUD WALL
A wall or partition with studs and faced with sheathing, siding, wallboard,
or plasterwork. Also called stud partition, dry wall.
TOP PLATE
JACK STUD
TOP CRIPPLES
TRIMMER STUD
HEADER
ROUGH SILL
BAY
CRIPPLE STUDS
BOTTOM PLATE
FULL STUDS
1. LIGHT-GAUGE STEEL STUDS (METAL STUD WALLS)
Are manufactured by cold-forming sheet or strip steel. Metal stud walls
may be used as nonloadbearing partitions or as bearing walls supporting HORIZONTAL
light-gauge steel joists. CHANNEL BRACING
TOP TRACK
(U TRACK)
METAL TRACK C-STUDS
DIAGONAL STEEL
STRAP BRACING
CHANNEL STUD/
U TRACK
NOGGING TRACK
C-STUD BOTTOM TRACK

(U TRACK)
METAL TRACK
2. PLATFORM FRAMING WALL 3. BALLOON FRAMING WALL
Platform framing is a light wood framing having studs Balloon framing utilizes studs that rise the full
only one story high, regardless of the stories built, each height of the frame from the sill plate to the roof
story resting on the top plates of the story below or on plate, with joists nailed to the studs and supported
the sill plates of the foundation wall. Also known as by sills or by ribbons let into the studs.
western framing.
WALLING
WALL FINISHING
CONCRETE SURFACING
SHEATHING
SIDING
PANELING
PLASTERING
PAINT
VARNISH
PLYWOOD VENEER
CLADDING
WALL PAPER
WALLING WALL FINISHING
CONCRETE SURFACING
Variety of surface patterns and textures can be produced by the following
methods:
1. Selection of the CONCRETE INGREDIENTS:
Exposed Fine Aggregates Exposed Pebbles
Pigmented Concrete Exposed Coarse Aggregate

CONCRETE SURFACING
methods:
2. The Impressions left by the FORMS:
Board-&-Batten Batten-&-Board
Beton Brut Ribbed Texture Formliner

CONCRETE SURFACING
methods:
3. Treatment after the CONCRETE SETS:
Bushhammered Surface Ribbed Surface Bushhammered
Tooled Surface
SHEATHING
A rough covering of boards, plywood, or other panel materials applied to
a frame structure to serve as a base for siding, flooring, or roofing.
SHEATHING
A rough covering of boards, plywood, or other panel materials applied to
a frame structure to serve as a base for siding, flooring, or roofing.
RATED PANEL GYPSUM FIBERBOARD RIGID FOAM

PLYWOOD
SHEATHING SHEATHING SHEATHING PLASTIC
SIDING
(FICEM BOARDS) SHEATHING
PANELS
(INSULATOR)
SIDING
A weatherproof material, such as shingles, boards, or units of sheet metal, used for boards, or units off sheet
metal, used for surfacing the exterior walls of a frame building.
1. HORIZONTAL BOARD SIDING
2. VERTICAL BOARD SIDING

SIDING
1. HORIZONTAL BOARD SIDING
BEVEL SIDING SHIPLAP

(LAP SIDING)
COLONIAL SIDING
DOLLY VARDEN DROP SIDING

SIDING
2. VERTICAL BOARD SIDING
MATCHED SIDINGS BOARD SIDINGS
TONGUE & SHIPLAP V CHANNEL BOARD & BATTEN & BOARD &
GROOVE GROOVE BATTEN BOARD BOARD
SIDING
SAMPLES
PANELING
A series of panels, esp. decorative wood panels, joined in a continuous surface.
PANELING
A series of panels, esp. decorative wood panels, joined in a continuous surface.
CORNICE
RAILS & STILES
PANELS
CHAIR RAIL
WAINSCOT
BASEBOARD
PLASTERING
Plaster is a composition of gypsum or lime, water, sand, and sometimes hair or other fiber, applied in a
pasty form to the surfaces of walls or ceilings in a plastic state and allowed to harden and dry.
GYPSUM PLASTER STUCCO

PLASTERING
SCRATCH COAT
(REBOKADA)
Is the first coat in three-coat plaster, which must adhere firmly to the
lath and be raked to provide a better bond for the second or brown
coat.
BROWN COAT
Is a roughly finished, levelling coat of plaster.
FINISH COAT
(PALITADA)
Is the final coat of plaster, serving as either a finished surface or as a
base for decoration.
PLASTERING
Metal Lath is a plaster base fabricated of expanded metal or of wire fabric, galvanized or coated with a rust-
inhibiting paint for corrosion resistance.
PLASTERING
PLASTER over PLASTER over SOLID PLASTER

METAL LATH GYPSUM LATH PARTITION
BOARD
PLASTERING
PLASTER over METAL PLASTER over GYPSUM PLASTER DIRECT on

LATH over FURRING LATH BOARD over CONC. or MASONRY
on CONC. WALL MASONRY WALL WALL
PAINT
A mixture of a solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle, applied as a thin, usually opaque coating to a surface
for protection and decoration.
PAINT
A mixture of a solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle, applied as a thin, usually opaque coating to a surface
for protection and decoration.
Different degree of paint finish:
HIGH GLOSS
Having a brilliant sheen or luster.
SEMIGLOSS
Having a moderate, satiny luster, producing a
finish midway between high gloss and satin.
SATIN
Midway between semigloss and eggshell
EGGSHELL
Having little or no gloss, producing a finish
midway between satin/semigloss and flat.
FLAT/MATTE
Without gloss or sheen
PAINT
APPLICATION:
HIGH GLOSS
Exterior walls and bathrooms
SEMIGLOSS
Kitchen and Living rooms
SATIN
Entertainment area and trims and moldings
throughout the house.
EGGSHELL
Dining rooms & living rooms
FLAT/MATTE
Bedrooms, ceiling
PAINT
COATINGS
PRIMER
Are basecoats applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of
subsequent coats of paint or varnish.
SEALERS
Are basecoats applied to a surface to reduce the absorption of
subsequent coats of paint or varnish to prevent bleeding through the
finish coat.
TOP COAT
The final coat of paint applied to a surface.
PAINT
TEXTURES
TEXTURED PAINT
Is a roughly gritty application of paint with different tools that add texture
to a plain wall.
Is great for surfaces that have existing imperfections, that instead of

fixing them, you can hide them.
PAINT
PAINT TECHNIQUES
SPONGING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
CLOTH DISTRESSING/
RAGGING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
STIPPLING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
COLOR WASHING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
SPATTERING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
DRAGGING/STRIE
PAINT TECHNIQUES
FEATHERING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
STENCILING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
MARBLING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
GOLD LEAFING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
GOLD LEAFING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
OMBRE
PAINT TECHNIQUES
CERUSING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
WOOD GRAINING
PAINT TECHNIQUES
DECOUPAGE
VARNISH
Is primarily used as a wood finish where, stained or not, the distinctive tones and grains in the wood are intended
to be visible. This finish is naturally glossy, but satin/semi-gloss and flat are available.
VARNISH
Is a liquid preparation consisting of resin
dissolved in an oil or in alcohol, that when
spread and allowed to dry forms a hard
lustrous, usually transparent coating.
STAINS
Are solution of dye or suspension of pigment
in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color a
wood surface without obscuring the grain.
PLYWOOD VENEER
Decorative plywood panels are available with hardwood or
softwood face veneers for use as wall paneling, cabinetry, and
furniture. Panels are typically 4’ x 8’ or 1.22m x 2.44m and
available in ¼”, ½” and ¾” thicknesses.
GRAIN FIGURES
Figure refers to the natural pattern on a sawn wood produced by
the intersection of annual rings, knots, burls, rays, and other growth
characteristics. Different figures may be produced by varying the
way in which a wood is cut from a log.
ROTARY CUTTING FLAT/PLAIN SPLICING QUARTER SLICING HALF ROUND SLICING RIFT CUTTING
PLYWOOD VENEER
MATCHING PATTERNS
The appearance of naturally finished plywood paneling depends on the
species of wood used for the face veneer and the way in which the sheets of
veneer are arranged so as to emphasize the color and figure.
BOOK MATCHING HERRINGBONE SLIP MATCHING

MATCHING
DIAMOND RANDOM
MATCHING MATCHING
CLADDING
A covering or coating on a structure or materials. It is a non-loadbearing skin or layer attached to the exterior of the
walls. Its main role is to protect the building from water and effects of weather; secondary roles can include sound,
and thermal insulation and fire resistance.
STONE CLADDING UPVC CLADDING METAL CLADDING GLASS CLADDING

(VINYL)
BRICK CLADDING WOOD/TIMBER CLADDING CONCRETE CLADDING FIBER CEMENT

CLADDING
CLADDING
UTS BUILDING BILBAO GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

(BRICK CLADDING) (TITANIUM CLADDING)
CLADDING
HEYDAR ALIYEV SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

(GLASS-FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE PANELS) (PRE-CAST CONCRETE TILES)
CLADDING
TAJ MAHAL MAUSOLEUM

(WHITE MARBLE)
CLADDING
STATUE of LIBERTY
(COPPER)
WALL PAPER
A large format decoration, usually made on paper, vinyl or tnt, used to cover the walls. Wallpapers are made
of different materials, with different properties or application process. Wallpapers are backed by smooth
surface sheathings such as plywood stuck with adhesives or no-nail glues.
VLIES / PAPER VINYL RECOATABLE FABRIC

NON-WOVEN

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WALLING

CONCRETE & MASONRY

METAL & WOOD STUD WALLS

SOLID PANELS COMPOSITE PANELS RIBBED PANELS

SOLID PANELS COMPOSITE PANELS RIBBED PANELS

Wythe refers to a continuous

Wythes may be bonded by masonry

Concrete masonry units or

FULLBED MORTAR @ end

Nominal Face Dimensions:

6”x6” (0.15m x 0.15m)

RUBBLE UNIT ASHLAR UNIT

RANDOM RUBBLE RANDOM ASHLAR

COURSE RUBBLE COURSE ASHLAR

SQUARED RUBBLE BROKEN RANGEWORK

C-STUD BOTTOM TRACK

1. Selection of the CONCRETE INGREDIENTS:

Exposed Fine Aggregates Exposed Pebbles

Pigmented Concrete Exposed Coarse Aggregate

2. The Impressions left by the FORMS:

Beton Brut Ribbed Texture Formliner

3. Treatment after the CONCRETE SETS:

Bushhammered Surface Ribbed Surface Bushhammered

RATED PANEL GYPSUM FIBERBOARD RIGID FOAM

1. HORIZONTAL BOARD SIDING

2. VERTICAL BOARD SIDING

BEVEL SIDING SHIPLAP

DOLLY VARDEN DROP SIDING

RAILS & STILES

GYPSUM PLASTER STUCCO

PLASTER over PLASTER over SOLID PLASTER

PLASTER over METAL PLASTER over GYPSUM PLASTER DIRECT on

Different degree of paint finish:

Is great for surfaces that have existing imperfections, that instead of

BOOK MATCHING HERRINGBONE SLIP MATCHING

STONE CLADDING UPVC CLADDING METAL CLADDING GLASS CLADDING

BRICK CLADDING WOOD/TIMBER CLADDING CONCRETE CLADDING FIBER CEMENT

UTS BUILDING BILBAO GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

HEYDAR ALIYEV SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

TAJ MAHAL MAUSOLEUM

VLIES / PAPER VINYL RECOATABLE FABRIC

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