First Aid Skills: Level of Awareness among fourth Year Nursing Students in

Academic Year 2011-2012

By:

Aguisanda, Marien G.
Alicaya, Colleen L.
Bestuir, Airen C.
Cabual, Jan Michael B.
Derequito, Raymond Cris F.

March 2012
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

First aid is an instant assistance provided to an immediately sick or injured

person. The doctor and the hospital may be always on call but may not be always
conveniently accessible. Adverse life situation may happen when you least expect
them, at the oddest places, during the oddest time. That is why there is a need to
know all about how urgent first aid assistance can be initially applied and provided
when needed.

The first aid skills in a certain situation that we need to perform or to give more
importance in order to save peoples life are cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Bandaging, Splinting, and Heimlich maneuver. It is a kind of treatment you can
give while waiting foe the health care providers to come. It is never intended to
replace qualified professional care. It is only designed to make the victim
comfortable until help is given.

In this country of ours, catastrophe, accidents and disasters always occur. People
tend to forget and neglect preparedness and awareness. In these times of ours, we
need to be practical and economically friendly; we need to be ideal at the same
time to be prepared in times of unwanted scenario. We have this “worst came
scenarios” where we need to do things voluntarily and unexpectedly, In the
Philippines we have been through different devastations and natural doom. And we
have lost live (many lives). It is sad t say that some of us, Filipinos, lack
emergency and self-awareness consecutively. We need to educate each and every
one. We need to guide our people, this country, and every individual and be ready
on those times. How? Our government should keep educating people of being
aware in times of “emergency’. The government and other private sectors are also
helpful. But the character, who has the biggest role on those cases, is “us”. We
 need the citizen of this country; we need to be open-minded. Pride is not the name
of the game. It is education and stop being mediocre. It is us who will be affected
of our decisions in life at the end of the day.

Objectives of the study

General objective

This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of first aid skills among
Fourth Year Nursing students in University of Iloilo-Phinma Education Network.

Specifically, to:

1. Determine the respondents’ demographic factors according to age, sex and civil
status;
2. Determine the awareness of first aid skills of the respondents;
3. Determine if there is a significant difference between the factors such as sex,
age, and civil status and the awareness of first aid skills.

Hypothesis of the study

1. There in no significant difference between the demographic factors such as sex,

age, and civil status and the awareness of first aid skills among fourth year Nursing
Students.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

 The theory Situational Awareness Model of
Mica Endsley (1995), which sate the being aware of what is happening around you and to
understand how information, events, and your own action will impact your goals and
objectives, both now and the near future.

Figure I show the schematic diagram of the study.

Independent Dependent

Factors:

Sex:
Awareness of First aid
skills
Age:

Civil Status

Operational Definition of the Variables

For the purpose of clarity, the following terms used in this study were given the
conceptual and operational meaning.
First Aid. Emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before
professional medical care is available.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMAL ASISSTED THERAPY ON STRESS REDUCTION
AND POSITIVE MOOD ENHANCEMENT AMONGST LEVEL 2 NURSING
STUDENTS OF UI

_____________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course

________________________________________________________
 ____________________________

By:
Arsayo, Ara
Balete, April Eunice T.
Baticolon, Yance
Beboso, April Jane
Boehn, Micah Veronica
Celfo, Evelyn
Delarmente, Andrei
Lorana, Pauline Joy
Oleta, Pauline Raquel
Omena, Ayanna Faith

____________________________________

December 2023

CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Higher education is a stressful period in student life. There are various

factors they need to cope such as living away from their families, budgeting
and finance, hectic schedules, and the course itself. It is different from
the routine we used to do in high school, everything is heavier than before.
Depression, stress, and anxiety are frequent but serious and debilitating
mental health conditions that affect many teenagers and students. The
student's capacity to deal with the stress of being away from home, to
assimilate into a new environment, and to do well in exam settings are all
elements that might create significant stress and affect their mental
health.

There is a developing corpus of information about college students and

stress, according to Delgado, Toukonen, and Wheeler (2018), but few studies
of Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) including college students exist. While
many clinical studies examine the benefits of AAT, non-clinical studies are
quite limited. Prior empirical research on AAT and college students found
that interaction with a therapy dog can help reduce anxiety before an exam
 and reduce psychological and physiologic measures, supporting AAT as an
effective stress management strategy and having a positive impact on their
anxiety level.

While numerous reasons related to stress reduction, engaging with pets

considerably reduced it. Petting a companion animal has been shown in
studies to alleviate anxiety. It was true even for people who had different
attitudes and ideas toward animals (Barker, Knisely, McCain, Schubert, &
Pandurangi, 2005; Lang, Jansen, Wertenauer, Gallinat, & Rapp, 2010; Shiloh,
Sorekt, & Terkel, 2010; Tsai, Friedmann, Sue, & Thomas, 2015).

Pets lowered negativity and acted as essential social support resources

(McConnell et al., 2011). This rise in positive emotions is associated with
an increase in oxytocin levels and a decrease in cortisol, adrenaline, and
norepinephrine levels (Cole, Gawlinski, Steers, & Kotlerman, 2007; Odendaal
& Meintjes, 2003).

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of Animal-
Assisted Interventions (AAIs), namely Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) and
Animal-Assisted Activity (AAA), in improving mental health outcomes in
higher education students.

Delgado, Toukonen, and Wheeler (2018),

 Assessing the Impact of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Mood Profile, Anxiety, Mental Well-Being, and

Stress Amongst University Students – A Quasi-Experimental Study - ProQuest

 Effect of Pet Interaction on Stress Reduction and Positive Mood Enhancement among Pet-Owners and

Non-Owners | Human-animal interaction bulletin (cabidigitallibrary.org)

Animal-Assisted Interventions for the Improvement of Mental Health Outcomes in Higher Education Students: A
Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials - PubMed (nih.gov)