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An Empirical Study on Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test

Research · December 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13996.51840

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 An Empirical Study on Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Ana Marie Durango
Craig N.Refugio
Abstract

Since P- value = 0.003 is less than the level of significance (a)= 0.05 we rejected Ho.
The median of the differences between the paired observations is statistically significant
different from 0. The Wilcoxon test ( for males and females ) ranks the absolute values of
the differences between the paired observations in the two groups of students and
calculates a statistic on the number of negative and positive difference ( Calculated
sample1- sample2).

I. STATICTICAL TOOL: Wilcoxon signed rank test

II. STATISTICAL PROBLEM

We wanted to know if there is a significant difference between the ratings of the

male and female based on their experienced in answering 30 items math quiz

for 10 minutes. So, we randomly selected 19 students for male and 19 students for

female. We instructed them to answer the test questions in 10 minutes. After the test,

we asked them to rate the math quiz experience from 5 being super easy, 4 being very

easy, 3 being slightly easy, 2 being difficult and 1 being very difficult.

Student Male Female

1 2 5
2 4 5
3 3 5
4 3 5
5 2 5
6 5 5
7 1 5
8 5 5
9 4 5
10 2 4
11 2 5
 12 3 2
13 3 4
14 3 5
15 1 5
16 1 5
17 5 3
18 1 4
19 2 1
Is there a significant difference between the ratings of the male and female based on
their experienced in answering the 30 items math quiz in 10 minutes?

I. LITERATURE
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non- parametric statistical hypothesis used to
compare two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single
sample to assess whether their population mean ranks differ. It can be used as an
alternative to the paired students t- test, t-test for matched pairs, or the t-test for
dependent samples when the population cannot be assumed to be normally
distributed. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a nonparametric test that can be used to
determine whether two dependent samples were selected from populations having the
same distribution. The test is named for Frank Wilcoxon (1892–1965) who, in a single
paper, proposed both it and the rank sum- test for two independent samples (Wilcoxon,
1945). The test was popularized by Sidney Siegel (1956) in his influential textbook on
non-parametric statistics. Siegel used the symbol T for a value related to, but not the
same as, . In consequence, the test is sometimes referred to as the Wilcoxon T test, and
the test statistic is reported as a value of T.
Assumption:

1. Data are paired and come from the same population.

2. Each pair is chosen randomly and independently[citation needed].

3. The data are measured on at least an interval scale when, as is usual, within-
 pair differences are calculated to perform the test (though it does suffice that

within-pair comparisons are on an ordinal scale).

II. STATISTICAL CLAIM

Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant difference between the ratings of the male
and female based on their experienced in answering the 30 items
math quiz in 10 minutes.
Null Hypothesis (Ha): There a significant difference between the ratings of the male
and female based on their experienced in answering the 30 items
math quiz in 10 minutes.
Claim: Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

III. JUSTIFICATION

Wilcoxon signed rank test is used since we are comparing two groups in the sample.

We measured two groups sample to assess whether the ratings of the male and female

mean ranks differ. We used a non- parametric test to determine whether the two

dependent samples that we selected from test are having the same distribution.

IV. Presentation, Analysis, Interpretation

Figure1: Number of male and female per ratings

 Number of male and female per ratings
25

20

15
Ratings

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Male and female

Students Male Female

Figure 1 shows that there are 13 female and 5 male rated as 5 for super easy, 3

female and 2 male rated as 4 or very easy,, 1 female and 5 male rated as 3 or slightly

easy, 1 female and 6 male rated as 2 or difficult, and 2 female and 4 male rated as 1 or

very difficult.

Figure 2: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test at 5% level of significant

Table1 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test at 5% level of significant

Sum of Standard Wilcoxon P-value Decision Interpretation

Group ranks Deviation (z) test
Male 14 21.13 -2.96 0.003 Reject Ho Significant
Female 139

Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant difference between the ratings of the male
and female based on their experienced in answering the 30 items
math quiz in 10 minutes.
Null Hypothesis (Ha): There a significant difference between the ratings of the male
 and female based on their experienced in answering the 30 items
math quiz in 10 minutes.

At the 5% level of significance, there is enough evidence to support the claim that

there is a significant difference between the ratings of the male and female based on

their experience in answering the 30 items math quiz in 10 minutes.

V. RESULT

Since P- value = 0.003 is less than the level of significance (a)= 0.05 we rejected Ho.

The median of the differences between the paired observations is statistically significant

different from 0. The Wilcoxon test ( for male and female ) ranks the absolute values of

the differences between the paired observations in the two groups of students and

calculates a statistic on the number of negative and positive difference ( Calculated

sample1- sample2).

VI. REFERENCES

1. Derrick, B; Broad, A; Toher, D; White, P (2017) “ The impact of an extreme

observation in a paired samples design”. metodološki zvezki - Advances in

Methodology and Statistics. 14 (2): 1–17.

2. Jump up^ Rubin, Donald B. (1973). "Matching to Remove Bias in

Observational Studies". Biometrics. International Biometric Society. 29 (1):

159–183. doi:10.2307/2529684. JSTOR 2529684.

3. Jump up^ Anderson, Dallas W.; Kish, Leslie; Cornell, Richard G. (1980). "On

Stratification, Grouping and Matching". Scandinavian Journal of Statistics.

Blackwell Publishing. 7 (2): 61–66. JSTOR 4615774.

 4. Jump up^ Kupper, Lawrence L.; Karon, John M.; Kleinbaum, David G.;

Morgenstern, Hal; Lewis, Donald K. (1981). "Matching in Epidemiologic

Studies: Validity and Efficiency Considerations". Biometrics. International

BiometricSociety. 37 (2):271291. doi:10.2307/2530417. JSTOR 2530417.

PMID 7272415

VII. APPENDICES

Figure 1: Male and female data

This is the table that is used to ran on the Mega stat

Figure 2: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Result

This is the result of using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test on the Mega Stat.

Figure 3: Test Questionaire

 These are the test questions used for the students to answer in just 10 minutes.

Figure 4: Documentations
 I made a survey test at the Freedom Park. Students were aswering the test questions in

10 minutes. After that, they are instructed to rate their experience while taking the exam

from the of 5 being super easy, 4 being very easy, 3 being slightly easy, 2 being difficult

and 1 being very difficult.

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