PROVINCES IN EGYPT • Petroleum Provinces in Egypt includes: 1-The Gulf of Suez
2-The Northern Western Desert
3-The Nile Delta (on shore and off shore)
4- Newly explored areas, Upper Egypt ( mainly
Komombo basin) 1- North Western Desert Province North Western Desert Province • There are two main groups of tectonic movements: 1-From the Paleozoic to late Jurassic sediments show a strong E-W tectonic trend 2-the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous structural stage.
• Sedimentary patterns from late Jurassic to Early Tertiary
appear to have influenced by two primarly tectonic forces related to the Tethyan plate tectonics: 1- The sinistral shear during the late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous 2- The dextral shear during the late Cretaceous to Paleocene time • Dextral shear was partially accompanied by north-south or north-north west/south-south east compressive forces. • The destruction of paleotethys was accompanied by the opening up of Neotethys. • The Sinistral shear form a left lateral megashear between Laurasia and Europe result in two main tectonic elements: 1-west-northwest trending folds with associated thrust faults. 2-east-northeast trending strike-slip faults with left lateral motion. Abu Gharadig Basin • Abu Gharadig basin can be looked up on as arift basin bounded on the north and south by two right-lateral shears and from east and west by northwest trending normal faults. • Rift grabens in northern Egypt are oriented perpendicular to the published divergent plate vectors between the African and European plates. • The direction of other Jurassic rift systems across northern Africa may reflect inherited trends from a pre-Hercynian Paleozoic structural grain. • Syrian Arc-related structural trends form the bulk of the productive traps discovered in the Western Desert. 2-The Gulf of- Suez Red Sea Province The Gulf of Suez Province • The Gulf of Suez is an extensional rift that comprises anorth west trending marine basin. • That rift intiated in Oligocene by normal faulting and dyke injection in the form of half Grabben with active horizontal extension, more thining of earth crust due to the rotation of blocks. • The rift was developed in Miocene. • The Gulf of Suez rifting and Red Sea breakup set up ideal petroleum systems in the Gulf of Suez and, potentially, in the Red Sea. • The Suez rift is considered to be the right lateral component of the two complementary shear fractures of Suez and Aqaba that resulted from anorthwesterly horizontal compression . • The Gulf of Suez model shows reversal of regional dip for the tilted blocks along different parts of the rift and separated by accommodation zone. • The northern and southern province is characterized by regional southwest dip, but the central province is characterized by northeast dip. • It is expected that the oil type may vary from one basin to the other depending on the rate of rifting in various parts of the Gulf. • An idealized rift model and schematic petroleum system model illustrate some of the major Miocene synrift traps of the Gulf of Suez • The largest fields, such as Belayim Marine, Morgan, and July fields, are rotated fault blocks against sealing shales or evaporites. • Gulf of Suez basin is exceptionally difficult to explore seismically, with severe multiples masking real structural and stratigraphic signatures. Red Sea Province • The Red Sea breakup phase was initiated by the development of the Gulf of Aqaba. • The structural style and proven petroleum system of the Gulf of Suez should continue southward into the Red Sea, although the dominant petroleum product is likely to be gas. • As in the Gulf of Suez, significant future discoveries may be made. Nile Delta, Mediterranean, and North Sinai 3- Nile Delta, Mediterranean • Compressional deformation in the Nile Delta area created wide uplifted arches and local strike-slip grabens as following: 1- a belt of compressional folds extend regionally from Sinai to Western Desert (Cretaceous- Eocene).
• 2- uplift, rifting, and transform faulting occurred in
late Oligocene to Miocene in the Gulf of Suez Red sea area, and affect eastern delta (off shore). • In Nile Delta, the structural event caused seaward progradation of large deltas and associated turbidite deposits. • Favorable geologic conditions created by the Messinian crisis and Pliocene deltaic progradation tectono-stratigraphic events set up the “big plays”. Figure 2. Schematic geologic cross section of the Nile Delta Basin Province illustrating the geologic definition of three of the four assessment units (AU) in this study (dotted red lines): Nile Margin Reservoir AU, Nile Cone AU, and Eratosthenes Seamount AU. The fourth AU, Mediterranean Ridge, is out of the plane of the cross section. Modified from Barber (1981) and Abdel Aal and others (2000). Location of projected section shown in figure 1. 1, Miocene (post- Messinian) and Pliocene-Quaternary; 2, Messinian Salt; 3, Miocene (pre-Messinian); 4, Paleogene-Cretaceous; 5, hypothesized pre-Cretaceous; 6, Eratosthenes Seamount. USGS image. North Sinai Province • The North Sinai province occurs south of the Pliocene structuring limit, and drilling has been targeted on Oligocene and older structural plays which represent northeastward extensions of Syrian Arc structures common to the Western Desert. • The North Sinai has had very limited exploratory success, with follow-up offsets to initial discoveries being unsuccessful. Upper Egypt 4- Upper Egypt • The first attention for the possibility of petroleum occurrence in Upper Egypt was in 1984 by M. Nagati who supposed the presence of Aulacogene in Upper Egypt. He supposed a possible Mesozoic rift acted by triple junction as seen in the following figure: From Nagati (1984 • KOMOMBO CONCESSIONS in Upper Egypt can be subdivided into three main blocks; East Komombo, West Komombo (WKO), and Komombo Basin. 1-East Komombo Block Two wells, Namer-1 and, SET-1 were drilled, BUT No hydrocarbons were encountered in the Cretaceous and Jurassic sands. 2- Komombo Basin Al Baraka Field 3- West Komombo 7 Nov. 2010
Correlation Study of Source Rock and Oil in Limau Graben, South Sumatera Basin: Source Rock and Oil Characterization and Potency of Lemat Formation As Hydrocarbon Source Rocks