Mathematical Physics II Department of Physics

Assignment 2 Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

PH402 4
30/01/2023

1. In the list of functions given below, identify the functions that are analytic functions of z in
some region, and find their region of analyticity:

(a) ix y (b) ei✓ (c) x2 iy 2

(d) x iy (e) x2 y 2 + 2ixy (f ) x2 y 2 2ixy
(g) i tan 1 xy (h) iy + x2 + y 2 (i) [(x + i)2 y 2 ]1/2
(j) x4 + 2ix2 y 2 y4 (k) iex sin y (l) x2 + x + 1 y 2 + iy(2x + 1)
(m) (x(x2 +y
iy)
2) (n) x + 2iy (o) sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y

2. Prove the following:

(a) Suppose that a function f (z) = u(x, y)+iv(x, y) and its conjugate f¯(z) = u(x, y) iv(x, y)
are both analytic in a domain D. Then f (z) must be a constant throughout D.
(b) Suppose f (z) is analytic in D. Further modulus |f (z)| is constant throughout D. Then
f (z) must be constant throughout D.

3. Show that the Cauchy Riemann conditions in polar form can be written as
@u 1 @v
=
@r r @✓
@u @v
= r ,
@✓ @r
where z = r exp(i✓) and ! = f (z) = u(r, ✓) + iv(r, ✓).

4. Just in the case of Cartesian form of C-R conditions, one can state the following theorem related
to polar form of the C-R conditions:
Let the function f (z) = u(r, ✓) + iv(r, ✓) be defined throughout some " neighbourhood of a non-
zero point z0 = r0 exp(i✓0 ), and suppose that (a) the first partial derivatives of the functions
u and v with respect to r and ✓ exists everywhere in the neighbourhood and (b) those partial
derivatives are continuous at (r0 , ✓0 ) and satisfy the polar form of the C-R equations given
above in question 3 at (r0 , ✓0 ). Then f 0 (z0 ) exists its value being f 0 (z0 ) = e i✓ ( @u @v
@r + i @r ), where
the right hand side is to be evaluated at (r0 , ✓0 ).
1
(a) Evaluate f 0 (z) for the function f (z) = z for z 6= 0 using the above theorem.
(b) Use the above theorem to show that any branch of the square root function z 1/2 , i.e.
p
f (z) = rei✓/2 , (r > 0, ↵ < ✓ < ↵ + 2⇡)

has a derivative everywhere in its domain of definition.

5. Show that u = e x (x sin y y cos y) is harmonic. Find v upto an additive constant such that
f (z) = u + iv is analytic. Write explicitly the form of f (z) for this problem.

6. Prove the equivalence of the operators:

Mathematical Physics II PH402 - Page 2 of 2 30/01/2023

@ @ @
(a) @x ⌘ @z +
@ z̄ ,
@ @ @
(b) @y ⌘ i( @z @ z̄ ),
@ @
(c) r = @x + i @y ⌘ 2 @@z̄
@ @ @
(d) r̄ = @x i @y ⌘ 2 @z

7. Recall that if z = x + iy, then

z + z̄ z z̄
x= , and, y = .
2 2i
By formally applying the chain rule in calculus to a function F (x, y) of two real variables, derive
the expression for ✓ ◆
@F 1 @F @F
= +i .
@ z̄ 2 @x @y
Now define the operator ✓ ◆
@ 1 @ @
= +i ,
@ z̄ 2 @x @y
suggested by the first part of this problem, to show that if the first order partial derivative of
the real and imaginary components of a function f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) satisfy the Cauchy-
Riemann equations, then
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
@f 1 @u @v @v @u
= +i + = 0.
@ z̄ 2 @x @y @x @y

Thus derive the complex form @f /@ z̄ = 0 of the C-R equations.

8. In its region of analyticity, an analytic function f (z) = u + iv may also be thought of as a map
from a region of the complex plane to another region of the complex plane.
(a) Show that the Jacobian determinant of the transformation (x, y) 7! (u, v) is just |f 0 (z)|2 ,
where f 0 (z) denotes the derivative of f (z).
(b) Show that r2 (|f (z)|2 ) = 4|f 0 (z)|2 .

9. Applications of Cauchy-Riemann Equations:

(a) Show that the function f (z) = |z|2 is di↵erentiable only at z = 0.
(b) Prove that the function given by z 7! z̄ on C is not di↵erentiable at any point in C.
(c) Find the points where the following function f is di↵erentiable and hence deduce that it
is nowhere analytic: f = u + iv, where u(x, y) = x2 y 2 , v(x, y) = 2x2 y 2 .
(d) If f is analytic in a domain D ✓ C and if |f | is constant in D, show that f is constant.
p
(e) Show that the function f (z) = |xy| is not analytic at the origin, although it satisfies the
Cauchy-Riemann equations at that point.

10. The ratio test gives a quick way of deducing the region of convergence of a large number of
series. Find the region of absolute convergence of each of the following power series:
P1 zn P1 zn P1 (ln ln n)z n
(a) n=0 (n+1)3 (b) n=1 ln(n+1) (c) n=2 ln n
P P zn P1 zn
(d) 1 7 n
n=0 n z (e) 1 n=0 (n+1)n (f ) n=0 (n!) 1/6