Gender Issues

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 Introduction

This document consists of 4 sections

1) 10 Marker Questions: In this part we shall be giving you 10 marker questions. These are supposed
to be somewhat direct and easy as compared to 15 marker questions

2) 15 Marker Questions: In this part we shall be giving you 15 marker questions. These are supposed
to be little complex or consisting of multiple sub questions or may be an integrated question from
concepts of different chapters.

3) Previous Year Descriptive Questions: The previous year descriptive questions are given, and they
are subdivided into two sections – (a) 2021 onwards (b) 2007 – 2014, given below.

Why has it been divided in two different sets?

Because NABARD Grade A included Descriptive paper in the year 2021 for the first time and
for RBI Grade B, Descriptive Paper took place in the year 2021 after a gap of 6 years (after
2014). So, we have provided the Previous Year Questions in following sections, which will be
relevant for the exams of RBI Grade B and NABARD Grade A both, as ESI syllabus is common
in both these examinations -

a. 2021 Onwards: We shall cover all previous year questions asked in RBI Grade B and NABARD
Grade A exam from 2021 onwards.
b. 2007-2014: We shall cover all relevant previous year questions asked in the RBI Grade B exam
between 2007-2014
I. Some questions from previous years might not be covered in any of the chapter since
they might not belong to current syllabus. The syllabus earlier was different from the
current syllabus.
II. Some questions from previous years might not be covered as they are related to
current affairs of that year which is not relevant now.
III. Moreover, some chapters have lot of previous year questions, in those chapters we
have given complete answers to some questions and for the rest of the questions, the
answer outline is given

4) Homework Question: There is one homework question for you to think and write. The answer for
this question will not be given by us.

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 Other Guidelines

1. The answers given here are not to be crammed. They are not given from the perspective of
being perfect answers. No answer is a perfect answer. If we ask 500 people to write answers
to these questions, then we will get 500 different answers and we cannot decide which one is
perfect answer. The answers given here is to help you guide towards the approach to answer
writing.
2. The answers written here may exceed the word limit in some cases. But that is done
intentionally, so that you understand it better and in exam you can further summarize that
information to achieve the desired word-limit.
3. In certain answers, the content/points written may not be covered in the notes/videos. But
that is also done to make you realize that we cannot simply be bookish in writing answers,
rather some content/points need to be written from our understanding of things. This is called
the application part
4. We would recommend that questions to the answers should not be just read. What you shall
do is
a. For 2-3 questions, please write answer in your own words so that you get practice for
descriptive writing. Then try to match your answer with answer given by us and try to
self-evaluate
b. For the rest of the questions, try to make an outline as in what you will write in this
answer. Then try to match your outline with answer given by us and try to self-evaluate
5. Please refer the videos on “Science and Art of Descriptive Writing” that have been included
earlier in the course. Those videos shall be watched again and again to get better hold on
answer writing.

10 Markers (400 Words)

Q.1) What are the factors mainly responsible for gender inequality in India?
Approach
Introduction Justify the problem of Gender inequality in India through some
report.

Even though successive governments have taken several steps to

instill gender equality in the post-independence era, gender
inequality prevails in all sectors of life like health, education,
economics, and politics. This can be reflected in India’s 112th rank
in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index 2019-
2020.
Body  Factors responsible for gender inequality in India

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 1. Preference for Sons
2. Role of cultural Institutions
3. Assumed role of women
4. Pink Collarisation of Jobs
5. Discrimination at work

 Give few suggestions to improve the situation

Conclusion For India to maintain its position as a global growth leader, more
concerted efforts at local, national levels, and by the private sector
are needed to bring women to parity with men.
While increasing the representation of women in the public
spheres is important and can potentially be attained through some
form of affirmative action like reservation in government jobs, in
educational institutions etc., an attitudinal shift is essential for
women to be considered as equal within their homes and in
broader society.

Answer

Even though successive governments have taken several steps to instill gender equality in the
post-independence era, gender inequality prevails in all sectors of life like health, education,
economics, and politics. This can be reflected in India’s 112th rank in the World Economic
Forum's Global Gender Gap Index 2019-2020.

The factors responsible for gender inequality in India are:

1. Preference for Sons: History has shown us that a girl child has always been considered as
an unwanted entity and burden hence the preference for sons has always been high. Girls
suffer from womb to tomb, where in facing the issues such as feticide before birth and
other social problem like dowry, domestic violence, etc.
2. Role of Cultural Institutions: Cultural institutions in India, particularly those of patrilineality
(inheritance through male descendants) and patrilocality (married couples living with or
near the husband’s parents), play a central role in perpetuating gender inequality.
3. Assumed Role of Women: It is believed in the Indian Society, the primary responsibility of
taking care of the family and bringing up the child is still on the women. Hence women
retreat from the workforce.
4. Pink-Collarisation of Jobs: The women are mostly deemed fit for “pink-collar jobs'' only,
such as teachers, nurses, receptionists, babysitter, lecturers, etc. which have been
stereotyped for women. This denies them opportunities in other fields.

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 5. Discrimination at Work: Companies are interested in hiring more young women because it
has been generally seen that the work and the family environment, marriage, and maternity
generally forces a married woman to resign.

The tense nature of the issue highlights such social evil has to be put to an end. Few of the
solutions are discussed below

Road to gender equality

 Apart from providing education to women, they need to be provided with all kinds of
opportunities and skills without any discrimination or stereotyping.
 Support from the society, family and corporate is required to create a soothing working
environment for a woman.
 Women should be given the right to decide the size of their family i.e., number of and
spacing between children. Further, all women need to be made aware about contraception.
 Now-a-days, companies do not want to lose their efficient employees. They are generally
ready to provide much necessary break (maternity leave) to women.
 Change in the mindset is required to bridge the gaps in gender equality. Apart from family
and workplace support, use of technology is required to maintain work-life balance.

Conclusion

For India to maintain its position as a global growth leader, more concerted efforts at local,
national levels, and by the private sector are needed to bring women to parity with men.
While increasing the representation of women in the public spheres is important and can
potentially be attained through some form of affirmative action like reservation in government
jobs, in educational institutions etc., an attitudinal shift is essential for women to be considered
as equal within their homes and in broader society.

15 Markers (600 Words)

Q.1) Explain the causes of India’s rising sexual crime graph. What measures would you
suggest to prevent the same?
Approach
Introduction Justify the India’s rising sexual crime graph through data

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 As per National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) data, Crimes Against
Women showed an increase of 7.3% in 2019 from 2018. On an
average, 88 cases of crimes against women were recorded per day.
Body Causes of Rising sexual crime Graph
1. Low status of women
2. A lack of public safety
3. Acceptance of domestic violence
4. A sluggish court System
5. Few female police personnel
6. Blaming provocative clothing

Government efforts so far

 Constitutional measures
 Legal measures
 Schemes
Conclusion Solutions to the problem

Answer

As per National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) data, Crimes Against Women showed an increase
of 7.3% in 2019 from 2018. On an average, 88 cases of crimes against women were recorded per
day. Some of the important trends in these regards are:
 Majority of cases under crime against women under IPC were registered under cruelty by
husband or his relatives (30.9%), kidnapping & abduction of women and rape.
 In the number of cases of rape of women belonging to SCs, Rajasthan topped the list, followed
by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Thus, Violence against women is as serious a cause of death and incapacity among women of
reproductive age as cancer, and a greater cause of ill health than traffic accidents and malaria
combined. There are various causes for this deadly disease as discussed below.

Causes of rising sexual crime in India:

1. Low status of women: The biggest issue is women's overall lower status in Indian society.
The patriarchal nature of Indian society has deprived women of equal rights. It also has led
to other social malice’s like female feticide, Dowry and Preference for son.
2. A lack of public safety: Women generally aren't protected outside their homes. Indian
authorities say that the country's public places can be unsafe for women. Many streets are
poorly lit, and there's a lack of women's toilets.
-Ex: Delhi gang rape took place in public place.

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 3. Acceptance of domestic violence: National family-health survey reports that a sizeable
percentage of women blame themselves for beatings by their husbands. “When a boy grows
up seeing his father assault his mother, he starts to accept such a behavior and repeats it,”.
This is being normalized and it is also accepted by women.
4. A sluggish court system: India's court system is painfully slow, in part because of a shortage
of judges. The country has about 15 judges for every 1 million people, while China has 159.
Along with inefficient judicial system, the conviction rate of rape cases is very poor.
5. Few female police personnel: Studies show that women are more likely to report sex crimes
if female police officers are available. India has historically had a much lower percentage of
female police officers than other Asian countries.
6. Blaming provocative clothing. In a 1996 survey of judges in India, 68 percent of the
respondents said that provocative clothing is an invitation to rape. This perception among
the learned people is percolating to the masses.

Government Efforts so far

Violence against women have been witnessed since medieval times till date, so right from the
inception of the Constitution of India, policymakers in India have been aware of the problem of
gender inequality in India and have come up with many constitutional provisions like
 Article 14-Equality before law for women
 Article 16- Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or
appointment to any office under the State
 Article 42-The State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and
for maternity relief

Apart from these constitutional measures, there are many legal steps taken by government over
time
 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 provides victims of abuse with a
means for practical remedy through prosecution.
 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961: Prohibits dowry and if found guilty, the culprit is
imprisoned up to 6 months or fine is levied.
 The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013 provides capital punishment for
rapes leading to death, and raised minimum sentence to 20 years from 10 for gang rape.
Government has also come up with schemes to arrest the crime against women through
initiatives namely,
 SHe-box- It is an online complaint management system for registering complaints related to
sexual harassment at workplace. It was launched by the Ministry of Women and Child
Development. The complaint management system has been developed to ensure the

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 effective implementation of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention,
Prohibition and Redressal) Act (the SH Act), 2013.
 Swadhar Greh scheme targets the women victims of unfortunate circumstances who are in
need of institutional support for rehabilitation so that they could lead their life with dignity.
But despite these initiatives, the crime against women problem is endemic, the solutions to the
problem are discussed below:

Solutions to the problem

1. Dilution of patriarchal nature of the society through education, women empowerment
measures, etc.
2. Design of urban spaces with women safety as the one of the core criteria.
3. Eradication of domestic violence by robust implementation of the legal provisions.
4. Improving the judicial System by improving the judge – population ratio and eliminating the
paper work.
5. Improve female police personnel by hiring women in large number and making the system
women friendly.
6. Beating the perception of commodification of women through gender sensitivity programs.
Ex- the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has developed syllabus
and textbooks across the subjects to promote gender sensitization in the school curriculum.
7. Societal Measures-The experience shows us that law is not the only solution to such
complex issue, rather all the stakeholders of the society have to come together to bring an
end to such menace apart from above solutions, such as
 Involvement of Civil society at the grass root level to enhance the policing measures.
 The crime against women is a crime against humanity, so perception of women as equal
being needs to strengthened through mass awareness campaigns.
 Moral Fabric of the society has to be solidified through gender awareness programs.
 Encouraging NGO’S to participate actively in spreading awareness among the masses and
deal empathetically with their grievances.

Previous Year Questions – 2021 onwards

Please be informed that in this section we will be discussing all the descriptive Previous Year
Questions (PYQs), all the questions appearing in this section has a tag of the year in which
that question was asked. If there is no question in this document on any exam from a
particular year or years, it means that no question was asked for that exam in that year(s)
or exam itself was not conducted in that year.

There was no question asked from this topic in 2021 and 2022

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 Previous Year Questions – 2007- 2014
Q.1) Explain the causes of India’s rising sexual crime graph. What measures would you suggest
to prevent the same?
The question has already been answered above

Home Work Question

Q.1) “To ensure genuine gender equality, we need a fundamental reform of beliefs upheld by
the institutions of family and faith “, Analyse. (15 marks, 600 words)

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