Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 4
Social Inequality

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Social Inequality
First Edition, 2020

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2
 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 4
Social Inequality

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

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stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in
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3
 Table of Contents
COVER PAGE i
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
TITLE PAGE iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE v
ICONS OF THIS MODULEvi
WHAT I KNOW vii
Lesson 1: Social Inequality 1
What’s In: 1
What’s New: What Do You Think? 1
What is It: Social Inequality 2
What’s More: The One 6
Essay 7
What I Have Learned: True or False 8
What I Can Do: Enumeration 8
Summary 9
Assessment 10
Key to Answers 13
References 14

What This Module is About

4
 Hello! How are you?
We will move on towards learning about social inequality. As human beings, we
do experience inequality in our society. Inequality is defined as the uneven distribution
of resources and opportunities, where few have more and, many have less.
This module will teach us many sources of inequality as well as examine
government programs, initiatives, and laws to address social inequality.
So, buckle up as we begin to discover it.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Define social inequality;

 Explain government programs and initiatives in addressing social inequalities
(UCSP11/12HSO--IId-31); and
 Write an essay on the possible ways to eliminate, if not, minimize social
inequality in the society.

How to Learn from this Module

The following are your guide for the proper use of this module:

To the Learner:
1. Follow all the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you already
know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.
4. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module unless otherwise specified, for
example, a sheet of paper or bond paper.
6. All output should be placed in a folder that will serve as your portfolio. The
output should be arranged in sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedbacks.
2. Make sure that all activities are complied with before accepting the output or
the portfolio.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity if it is still within the boundary of
the learning competency.

To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.

Icons of this Module

5
 This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This part of the module is an assessment

What I Know? as to your level of knowledge of the
Pre-Assessment subject matter at hand meant to gauge
prior understanding.

What’s In? This part connects the previous lesson

Review Activity with that of the current one.

An introduction to the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities before it will be presented
Motivational Activity
to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What Is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities intended for

What’s More?
you to practice further to master the
Performance Task
competencies.

What I Have Learned? These are activities designed to process

Generalization what you have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks designed to showcase

What I Can Do?
your skills and knowledge gained and
Application
applied to real-life concerns and situations.

This part evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

What I Know

PRETEST

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer from among the choices

6
 given. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

1. These are people whose cultural background differs from that of the dominant
members of the society
A. Ethnic minority C. Persons with Disability
B. Women D. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender

2. These people are barred from some degree of power, prestige, or wealth.
A. Dominant C. Minority
B. Wealthy D. Majority

3. This happens when women are placed in the lower social status in the society
compared to men.
A. Racial discrimination C. Ethnic discrimination
B. Gender discrimination D. Disability discrimination

4. It is the existence of uneven opportunities and rewards for diverse social

positions or statuses within a group or society.
A. Economic inequality C. Political inequality
B. Cultural inequality D. Social inequality

5. It is the thinking that one’s race is superior to the others.

A. Discrimination C. Stereotyping
B. Racism D. Prejudice

6. These people who have physical impairments do not usually enjoy the benefits
that abled people received.
A. Persons with Disability C. Ethnic group
B. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender D. Women

7. This is a group of people whose gender preferences are subject to

discrimination.
A. Dominant C. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender
B. Minority D. Persons with Disability

8. It is an act of depriving minorities of equal treatment and are kept in the lower
status of the society and the resistance of equality.
A. Stereotyping C. Racism
B. Discrimination D. Prejudice

9. It is a negative attitude towards the members of a group.

A. Prejudice C. Discrimination
B. Racism D. Ethnocentrism

10. It is the belief that our nation, race, or group is the best.
A. Prejudice C. Stereotyping
B. Ethnocentrism D. Racism

11. It is the situation when people encounter a problem that they do not know how
to solve it.

7
 A. Ethnocentrism C. Stereotyping
B. Racism D. Scapegoating

12. It refers to the tendency to picture all members of the group as having the same
qualities.
A. Discrimination C. Stereotyping
B. Racism D. Prejudice

13. This is a type of inequality based on the unequal distribution of income and
wealth.
A. Economic inequality C. Political inequality
B. Social inequality D. Gender inequality

14. These people move or migrate from one society to another.

A. Majority C. Ethnic group
B. Minority D. Women’s group

15. It is a group of people in which members are placed in the lower social status
in society.
A. Men C. Members of the upper class
B. Women D. Wealthy

8
 Lesson Social Inequality

1
Learning Competency: Identify the characteristics of the systems
of stratification
(UCSP11/12HSO--IId-31)

What’s In

What did you remember about your lesson on social stratification? Were you
able to find out your ascribed and achieved statuses? Were you able to look for rags
to riches story? I hope that whatever you have learned in the previous module
inspires you to become the best you can be.

What’s New

Activity 1: WHAT DO YOU THINK?

Do you agree that women and men should always be treated the same way?
Give three (3) reasons to justify your answer.

1.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

2.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

3.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

1
 What Is It

Social inequality is the

existence of uneven opportunities and
rewards for diverse social positions or
statuses within a group or society. It
happens when resources, in whatever
nature, are distributed unevenly.

Additionally, social inequalities

are correlated to gender inequality
(women and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender), ethnic minorities, racial
inequality and persons with disabilities,
etc. Image: https://bit.ly/3cOzGSM

Gender and sexual orientation have been a subject of inequality.

Traditionally, women were regarded as placed in the lower social status in society
compared to men. Men were accorded to have more social and political rights. In
these modern societies, though there are already many women representations in
civil society, the culture of stereotyping is still evident. They are also subjected to
abuse and violence.

A similar situation is experienced by the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender) community whose gender preferences are subject to discrimination in
society.

Ethnic minorities are also subject to social discrimination – the cultural

marginalization that they experience from the dominant majority. They are also
victims of stereotyping, abuse and, violence.

Persons with disabilities (PWD) or differently-abled persons are also

victims of inequality and deprived of opportunities in society especially, in the
employment sector due to their physical impairments.

Minorities in the social structure. Members of society that have more power
than others are called dominant members. Dominant members set the standards to
follow. The dominant group enjoy more privileges, such as better houses, better
schools, and higher income. On the other hand, those who are barred from such
privileges and opportunities are called the minorities. They are usually denied by the
equal treatment of the majority or dominant.

Discrimination and prejudice. Discrimination happens when minorities are

being deprived of equal treatment and are kept in a lower status by the dominant
members of the society and the resistance of equality.

Closely linked to discrimination is prejudice. Prejudice can be either positive

or negative but, most of the time, it connotes negativity. Prejudice is defined as a
negative attitude toward the members of a group. It is a prejudgment of others that

2
allows us to brand or label them in various negative ways. Discrimination is an act
while prejudice is an attitude.

Stereotyping refers to our tendency to picture all members of a category as

having the same qualities. Usually, stereotyping is a result of overgeneralization.

Ethnocentrism is the belief that our nation, race, or group is the best or
superior to others.

Scapegoating is a situation when people encounter problems that they do

not know how to solve. Often, they feel frustrated, and eventually, it leads to
aggression. When it happens, people usually look at someone or something else to
be blamed for their troubles or problems.

Racism is the belief that one’s race is superior and has the right to control or
direct others.

There are ways by which social inequality can be addressed.

The first of these is through policy legislation. Gender equality can be fostered
by enacting laws that promote women’s rights. Many laws have been crafted to
guarantee women’s protection and well-being, may it be in work or household.

 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law

Signed into law on February 2019 by President Rodrigo Duterte, Republic Act
11210 or the Expanded Maternity Leave Law extends the previous 60-day (78 days
for caesarian section delivery for women workers in the private sector) paid maternity
leave to 105 days. The law also entails an option to extend for an additional 30 days
of unpaid leave. Additional 15 days of paid maternity leave shall also be granted to
female solo parents.

 Prohibition on Discrimination Against Women

RA 6725 prohibits discrimination with respect to terms and conditions of

employment solely based on sex. Under this law, any employer favoring a male
employee over a female in terms of promotion, training opportunities, and other
benefits solely on account of sex is considered discrimination.

 Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004

RA 9262, or An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children,

Providing Protective Measures for Victims, Prescribing Penalties Therefor and for
Other Purposes, recognizes the need to protect the family and its members
particularly women and children, from violence and threats to their safety and
security. Under this law, the state also recognizes the need to protect the family and
its members particularly women and children, from violence and threats to their
personal safety and security.

3
  Assistance for small-scale women entrepreneurs

This law seeks to provide all possible assistance to Filipino women in their
pursuit of owning, operating, and managing small business enterprises. RA 7882, or
the Act that states the Provision of Assistance to Women Engaging in Micro and
Cottage Business Enterprises, and for other purposes, was approved in February
1995.

 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

RA 7877 addresses the issue of sexual harassment committed in

employment, education, or training environment. It was signed into law on February
14, 1995, under former President Fidel Ramos' administration. Sexual favors made
as a condition in the employment or granting promotions or privileges; or the refusal
to grant the sexual favor results in limiting, segregating, or classifying the employee
which in any way would discriminate, deprive or diminish employment opportunities
or otherwise adversely affect is punishable by law.

 The Anti-Rape Law of 1997

RA 8353 states that any person having carnal knowledge of a woman through
force, threat, or intimidation or by means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of
authority will be punished. Depending on the severity of the case, the offense may
be punishable reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment.

 Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998

RA 8505 declares the policy of the State to provide necessary assistance and
protection for rape victims. The government shall coordinate its various agencies and
non-government organizations to work hand in hand for the establishment and
operation of a rape crisis center in every province and city that shall assist and
protect rape victims in the litigation of their cases and their recovery.

 Magna Carta of Women

RA 9710 is a comprehensive women's human rights law that seeks to

eliminate discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment, and promotion
of the rights of Filipino women, especially those belonging to the marginalized
sectors of society. It conveys a framework of rights for women based directly on
international law. Pursuant to this law is Executive Order 273 that states the approval
and adoption of the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development, 1995-
2025.

 National Women's Day

RA 6949 declares the eighth day of March every year as a special working
holiday.

4
 For the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT), the Sexual Orientation
and Gender Identity Expression (SOGIE) Equality Bill, also known as the Anti-
Discrimination Bill (ADB), is a bill that was proposed by the Congress of the
Philippines. It is intended to prevent various economic and public accommodation-
related acts of discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation,
gender identity, or expression. The version in the House of Representatives passed
its third reading most recently on September 20, 2017, but died in the Senate. It has
been refiled for the 18th Congress.

For the ethnic minorities, we have the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 1997
(Republic Act No. 8371 of 1997). It is an Act to recognize, protect and promote the
rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples, creating a National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples, establishing implementing mechanisms,
appropriating funds, therefore, and for other purposes.

The following laws are passed to protect the rights of Persons with Disabilities
(PWDs):

 RA 10070 – Establishing Institutional Mechanism To Ensure The Implementation

Of Programs And Services For Persons With Disabilities In Every Province, City
and Municipality, Amending Republic Act No. 7277, Otherwise Known As The
Magna Carta For Disabled Persons, As Amended, And For Other Purposes.

 RA 10366 – An Act Authorizing The Commission On Elections To Establish

Precincts Assigned To Accessible Polling Places Exclusively For Persons With
Disabilities And Senior Citizens

 RA 10524 – An Act Expanding The Positions Reserved For Persons With

Disability, Amending For The Purpose Republic Act No. 7277, As Amended,
Otherwise Known As The Magna Carta For Persons With Disability

 RA 10754 – An Act Expanding The Benefits And Privileges Of Persons With

Disability (PWD)

 RA 11106 – An Act Declaring The Filipino Sign Language As The National Sign
Language Of The Filipino Deaf And The Official Sign Language Of Government In
All Transactions Involving The Deaf, And Mandating Its Use In Schools,
Broadcast Media, And Workplaces

 RA 11228 – An Act Providing For The Mandatory Philhealth Coverage For All
Persons With Disability (PWDs), Amending For The Purpose Republic Act No.
7277, As Amended, Otherwise Known As The “Magna Carta For Persons With
Disability”

 RA 1179 – An Act To Provide For The Promotion Of Vocational Rehabilitation Of

The Blind And Other Handicapped Persons And Their Return To Civil
Employment

5
 RA 1373 – An Act Authorizing The Philippine Sportswriters Association To Hold
One Benefit Boxing Show Every Year, The Net Proceeds Of Which Shall
Constitute A Trust Fund For The Benefit Or Disabled Filipino-Boxers

 RA 3562 – An Act To Promote The Education Of The Blind In The Philippines

 RA 4564 – An Act Authorizing The Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office To Hold

Annually One Special Sweepstakes Race For The Exclusive Use Of The Office Of
Vocational Rehabilitation, Social Welfare Administrations, In Its Development And
Expansion Program For The Physically Disabled Throughout The Philippines.

 RA 5250 – An Act Establishing A Ten-Year Training Program For Teachers Of

Special And Exceptional Children In The Philippines And Authorizing The
Appropriation Of Funds Thereof.

 RA 6759 – An Act Declaring August One Of Each Year As White Cane Safety
Day In The Philippines And For Other Purposes

 RA 7277 – An Act Providing For The Rehabilitation, Self-Development And Self-

Reliance Of Disabled Person And Their Integration Into The Mainstream Of
Society And For Other Purposes.

 RA 9442 – An Act Amending Republic Act No. 7277, Otherwise Known As The
“Magna Carta For Disabled Persons, And For Other Purposes”

Another way is through promoting cultural transformation and attempting to

transform the way society looks at women, LGBT, ethnic minorities, and PWDs.
Educate the public to address the problem of social inequality, may it be in
schools, as well as through popular media.

How about you? What ways can you suggest addressing social inequalities?

What’s More

Activity 2: THE ONE (Performance Task)

1. It’s research time. Look for a profile either of a woman, a member of the
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT), an ethnic group, or a
differently-abled person who has made an invaluable contribution in your
community, in society, or our country.
2. Describe his/her background and invaluable contributions to society.
3. Use the format given as your guide, but you can always modify it depending
on your skills, creativity, and available resources. Use long bond paper for this
activity.

6
 Name:
Age:
Civil Status:
Photo
Special
Talents/Skills:
Occupation:
Background:
Invaluable
“Nickname” contribution to
society

Profiling Activity
Criteria Rating
The content and ideas are organized in a clear, logical manner. 5 4 3 2 1
The profile provides adequate, if not complete, background 5 4 3 2 1
information.
The work is original. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

Activity 3: ESSAY

Directions: Write an essay on the possible ways to eliminate, if not, minimize

social inequality in society.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

7
 Rubric for Essay

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the 5 4 3 2 1
topic.
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

What Have I Learned

Activity 4: TRUE or FALSE

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct, and write False if is incorrect.

1. Discrimination is a biased thought against an individual or group.

2. Having a high quality, free education and, health care available for
everyone helps reduce inequality.
___________ 3. Same-sex marriage is legal in the Philippines.
___________ 4. Traditionally, women were accorded more social and political
rights.
5. Social inequality is almost present in all societies.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: ENUMERATION

Enumerate at least five (5) possible ways to eliminate, if not, minimize social
inequality in the society?

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

8
5. __________________________________________________________

SUMMARY
 Social inequality is the existence of uneven opportunities and rewards for
diverse social positions or statuses within a group or society.
 Gender and sexual orientation have been a subject of inequality. Traditionally,
women were regarded as placed in the lower social status in society
compared to men.
 A similar situation is experienced by the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender) community whose gender preferences are subject to
discrimination in society.
 Ethnic minorities are also subject to social discrimination – the cultural
marginalization that they experience from the dominant majority.
 Persons with disabilities (PWD) or differently-abled persons are also victims of
inequality and deprived of opportunities in society especially, in the
employment sector due to their physical impairments.
 Members of the society that have more power than others are called dominant
members. Those who are barred from such privileges and opportunities are
called the minorities.
 Discrimination happens when minorities are being deprived of equal treatment
and are kept in a lower status by the dominant members of the society and
the resistance of equality.
 Prejudice is defined as a negative attitude toward the members of a group. It
is a prejudgment of others that allows us to brand or label them in various
negative ways.
 Stereotyping refers to our tendency to picture all members of a category as
having the same qualities.
 Ethnocentrism is the belief that our nation, race, or group is the best or
superior than others.
 Scapegoating is a situation when people encounter problems that they do not
know how to solve. People usually look at someone or something else to be
blamed for their troubles.
 Racism is the belief that one’s race is superior and has the right to control or
direct others.

9
  There are ways by which social inequality can be addressed. First of this will
be through policy legislation. The next one is through promoting culture
transformation and endeavoring to transform the way society looks at women,
LGBT, ethnic minorities, and PWDs. Another one is to educate the public both
in school and in popular media.

ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer from among the choices
given. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
1. The following are ways to address social inequality EXCEPT
A. Policy Legislation C. Deviance of the law
B. Promote culture transformation D. Education

2. SOGIE Bill was filed intended to

A. prevent various economic and public accommodation-related acts of
discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation, gender
identity or expression
B. promote the Education of the Blind in The Philippines
C. expand the Benefits and Privileges of Persons with Disability
D. address the issue of sexual harassment committed in employment,
education or training environment.

3. RA No. 8371 of 1997 is also known as

A. Magna Carta for Women
B. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 1997
C. Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
D. None of the Above

4. It is an Act declaring the Filipino ign Language as the National Sign Language
of the Filipino Deaf And the official sign language of government in all
transactions involving the deaf, and mandating its use in schools, broadcast
media, and workplaces.
A. RA 11006 C. RA 10007
C. RA 10070 D. RA 11106

5. It is an act providing for the mandatory PhilHealth coverage for all persons
with disability (PWDs), amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7277, as
amended, otherwise known as the “Magna Carta For Persons With Disability”
A. RA 11288 C. RA 11128
B. RA 11228 D. RA 11282

6. RA 10366 is an act
A. authorizing the Commission on Elections to establish precincts
assigned to accessible polling places exclusively for persons with
disabilities and senior citizens.

10
 B. expanding the benefits and privileges of persons with disability
(PWD).
C. declaring the eighth day of March every year as a special working
holiday.
D. that is a comprehensive women's human rights law that seeks to
eliminate discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment,
and promotion of the rights of Filipino women, especially those
belonging in the marginalized sectors of the society.

7. RA 3562 is an act that

A. Provides For The Promotion Of Vocational Rehabilitation Of The Blind
And Other Handicapped Persons And Their Return To Civil
Employment
B. Promotes The Education Of The Blind In The Philippines
C. Expands The Benefits And Privileges Of Persons With Disability (PWD)
D. Establishes A Ten-Year Training Program For Teachers Of Special
And Exceptional Children In The Philippines And Authorizing The
Appropriation Of Funds Thereof.

8. It is an Act Providing For The Rehabilitation, Self-Development And Self-

Reliance Of Disabled Person And Their Integration Into The Mainstream Of
Society And For Other Purposes.
A. RA 9424 C. RA 7727
B. RA 9442 D. RA 7277

9. It is an Act Amending Republic Act No. 7277, Otherwise Known As The

“Magna Carta For Disabled Persons, And For Other Purposes.”
A. RA 9424 C. RA 10754
B. RA 9442 D. RA 10744

10. Under this law, any employer favoring a male employee over a female in
terms of promotion, training opportunities, and other benefits solely on
account of sex is considered discrimination.
A. RA 1995 C. RA 6725
B. RA 7877 D. RA 2004

11. RA 9262 is an Act

A. Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children, Providing
Protective Measures for Victims, Prescribing Penalties Therefor and for
Other Purposes, recognizes the need to protect the family and its
members particularly women and children, from violence and threats to
their personal safety and security.
B. that entails an option to extend for an additional 30 days of unpaid
leave. Additional 15 days paid maternity leave shall also be granted to
female solo parents.
C. Declaring the policy of the State to provide necessary assistance and
protection for rape victims.
D. Declaring the eighth day of March every year as a special working
holiday.

11
 12. It is a comprehensive women's human rights law that seeks to eliminate
discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment, and promotion of
the rights of Filipino women, especially those belonging in the marginalized
sectors of the society.
A. Anti-rape Law of 1997
B. Anti-sexual Harassment Act of 1995
C. 105-day Expanded Maternity Leave Law
D. Magna Carta for Women

13. It states that any person having carnal knowledge of a woman through force,
threat, or intimidation or by means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse
of authority will be punished.
A. Anti-rape Law of 1997
B. Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
C. Prohibition on Discrimination against Women
D. Magna Carta for Women

14. RA 11210 is about the

A. 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law
B. Assistance for small-scale women entrepreneurs
C. National Women’s Day
D. Anti-rape Law of 1997

15. This law seeks to provide all possible assistance to Filipino women in their
pursuit of owning, operating, and managing small business enterprises
A. RA 1997 C. RA 7882
B. RA 2019 D. RA 7828

12
 KEY TO ANSWERS

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True

KEY TO ANSWERS

PRETEST

1. A 6. A 11. D
2. C 7. C 12. C
3. B 8. B 13. A
4. D 9. A 14. B
5. B 10. B 15. B

POSTTEST

1. C 6. A 11. A
2. A 7. B 12. D
3. B 8. D 13. B
4. D 9. B 14. A
5. B 10. C 15. C

13
 REFERENCE
Baleña, Ederlina D., Lucero, Dolores M., Peralta, Arnel M. Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics for Senior High School. Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016.

Contreras, Antonio P., Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Erasga, Dennis S., Fadrigon,
Cecile C. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

"Chapter 11. Race and Ethnicity – Introduction to Sociology – 1st Canadian Edition."
BC Open Textbooks – Open Textbooks Adapted and Created by BC Faculty.
Last modified November 6, 2014.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter11-race-and-
ethnicity/.

"Prejudice and Discrimination | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple

Book Production. Accessed June 14, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/prejudice-and-
discrimination/.

"Women in the Workplace | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book

Production. Accessed June 14, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/women-in-the-
workplace/.

14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph