SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Personal
Development
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Social
Relationships in Middle and
Late Adolescents
(Week 3 – Week 4)
Personal Development – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Social Relationships in Middle and Late
Adolescents
First Edition, 2020

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 Senior
Senior High
High School
School

Personal
Development
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Social
Relationships in Middle and Late
Adolescents
(Week 3 – Week 4)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

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Introductory Message
This module focuses on the different relationships you as a middle or
late adolescent engage with and how these relationships affect your personal
being. In distinguishing these relationships, you may see that there is more
from the family you come from, the friends you have been with for quiet
sometime and to the society where you first belong. Thus, these
relationships involved roles that you as an adolescent find yourself as the
one taking charge or the one following the instructions. Whatever it maybe,
the you must know how you are influencing the people around you.

Another take of this module is on your personal perception and how

others see you. Perceptions play a great part of how you take on and handle
relationships. As a goal, you must recognize your own perceptions so as to
accept or disregard others‘ perceptions about you.

Lastly, upon learning relationships and the perceptions of the self at

this stage of life, you as an adolescent can observe now how our own culture
deals and takes on different relationships.

Icons of this Module

This module has the following parts with their corresponding icons:
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correctly, you may decide to
skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion
of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to strengthen your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers in the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
 What I Have This includes questions or open-ended
Learned statements to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
develops retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

How to Learn from this Module

Follow the tips and reminders below to learn from this module.
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and
exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
 What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how

they can influence people through their leadership or followership
(EsP-PD11/12SR-IIb- 10.1);
2. compare one‘s perception of himself/herself and how others see
him/her
(EsP-PD11/12SR-IIc- 10.2); and
3. conduct a mini-survey on Filipino relationships (family, school, and
community) (EsP-PD11/12SR-IIc- 10.3)

What I Know

Multiple Choices: Select the letter of the correct answer from the given
choices.

1. These are relationships depending on the degree of intimacy that a

person offers to other people.
A. interpersonal relationship B. intrapersonal relationships
C. personal relationships D. social relationships

2. An individual has __________ to represent as he builds and commits

into relationships.
A. job B. mask
C. roles D. work

3. These are the people who create and implement the laws of the land.
A.
4. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

4. They are the people who promote ethical behavior, responsible

personal decisions and social justice.
5. A. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

5. This is the ability of a person in authority to guide others to achieve

certain organizational goals.
6. A. guidance B. instruct
C. followership D. leadership

6. The impact of a person to another person which causes him to change

his behavior as convinced by the influencer.
7. A. personal relationships B. followership
 C. leadership D. social influence

7. The idea about the kind of person someone is.

A. concept B. perception
C. self-perception D. self-esteem

8. It is the person‘s awareness or thinking about himself.

A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

9. These are the specific evaluations or judgements a person creates

about the self-concept.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

10. This is developed through experience which is about the person‘s

extent of seeing himself as an effective individual.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence
11. These are guide to man‘s behaviors and actions as they relate with
others in most situations in life.
A. beliefs B. philosophies
C. principles D. values

12. The time when an individual is changing from a child to an adult.

A. adolescence B. adulthood
C. middle adulthood D. adult

13. One of the values by which Filipinos are famous of; being polite and
accommodating to other people.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

14. A sense of obligation to the part of someone being helped with to

repay the one who has done a favor.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

15. The spirit of communal unity and cooperation.one who has done a
favor.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob
 The Various Roles of Different
Lesson Individuals in the Society and
How They Can Influence
1 People Through Their
Leadership or Followership

What’s New?

ACTIVITY 1

In here, you are tasked to review how you think and act considering
some factors (parents, peers, culture, and society) that affect you. In most
cases, how does each factor affect your thoughts and action? Provide a
course of action or decision with short explanation relevant to your own
experience.
Scenarios:
1. Choosing your strand/track to take in studying.
2. Joining a club or organization inside and outside school.
3. The way you dress or your clothing style.
PARENTS PEERS

COMMUNITY SOCIETY

What is it?

As you grow up, you get to know people and build relationships by
which you have first had with your family. As human persons, it is expected
that you build relationships or social relationships by which also affect the
way you think, decide and even act on certain things.
 Hence, adolescence is a crucial part of your development as a person
and there different factors or in this matter, called as social relationships
that influence you. Social relationships are your interactions with other
people. These kind of relationships vary from the ―degree of intimacy and
vulnerability you offer to other people so as to cooperate and achieve a
certain objective.‖
There are four (4) main types of relationships that influence you as an
adolescent: (1) Parents, (2) Peers, (3) Community and (4) Society. However,
these factors are shaped by culture. Culture can have a positive or negative
effect on your development.
Now, as you commit into social relationships, you also have various
roles to represent. In the society, you can be someone based on a social
situation that you decide to take. This is what we call as role(s), as of the
following:
 Political leaders
These are the people who create and implement the laws of the
land. They are the role models through which we follow the laws.
 Religious leaders
These are the individuals who guide their followers according to
their faith. They are keepers of religious traditions and are also moral
leaders.
 Teachers
They are the educators of young minds. They impart knowledge
to the young generation to become the next generation of leaders.
 Children
They are the ones that need to be cared more and ensured that
they are supported with services they mostly need.
 Church members
They are the people who commit to practice their faith. They let
their faith grow and carry out their faith traditions.
 Celebrities
They are the people who promote ethical behavior, responsible
personal decisions, and social justice. They are also expected to show
good behaviors.

Again, as you commit into social relationships, you may also

find yourself either leading or someone being led. From your experience with
the game, you may have found out that you are a good leader or a good
follower which you can also see yourself in the context of the society where
you belong. Hence, being either a leader or a follower influences other
people.
According to Chris Bernard, leadership is the ability of the
person in authority to guide others to achieve certain goals. Leadership is
also a way of influencing other people by which the leader influences the
followers to achieve the organizational goals. Next to leadership is
followership which is the act or condition of following a leader. Being a
follower is not passive, one must be a critical thinker and interactive in the
act of helping the leader achieves the goal. Thus, the leader and the follower
need each other; there is a dynamic relationship of mutual benefit and
support between them.
Nevertheless, being either a leader or follower gives you the opportunity
to influence people around you. Social influence is the impact of a person
to another person which causes the latter to change his behavior as
convinced by the influencer. Some social influences are known as:
 Conformity - is behaving as others do. This desires to belong peers and
seek their approval in order to feel that you are one of them.
 Compliance – an individual is doing something that another individual
has told them to do. This is also another way of an adolescent to feel
belong with peers.
 Obedience – this is accepting and doing something directed to you by a
person you look up as someone in authority. In most cases in
obedience, you believe that you don‘t have a choice.

Now, as an adolescent, you must have undergone recognizing yourself,

knowing your strengths and limitations and discovering about the person
you are. By that, you are now capable of knowing where you stand in either
a leader or a follower by which suits and makes you a better person.

What’s more

ACTIVITY 2

TRUST WALK GAME

A. Number of players: 2 or by pair
B. Materials needed: blindfolds
C. Directions:
1. Divide the group into pairs; each group chooses who will be Player
A and B.
2. Player A will close her/his eyes (or put on a blindfold) and then
Player B will guide A on a journey around the space. (Depending on
comfort levels, B can place a hand on each of A‘s shoulders, one
arm around A‘s shoulders and/or hold A‘s inside arm/wrist/hand
in order to guide them physically as well as verbally.) Player B
should try and explore levels, tempo, and space, being sure to vary
how s/he moves and where s/he moves in the room.
3. Once directions are explained the group begins their work. After a
set number of minutes, switch roles so that Player A can lead
Player B and repeat the process.
 4. When everyone has had a turn the teacher brings the full group
back together to reflect.

What I have learned

Reflection . . . (Going back to the Trust Walk Game)

 Which did you prefer—leading or being led? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

 What responsibilities did you have as the leader? As the person being
led?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

 What does it take to trust someone to lead you? What does it take to
be trustworthy leader?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

 How might these ideas inform our larger class inquiry?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct words for each note.

1. Social influence is the change in __________________ that one person

causes another.
2. Adolescents tend to inclined to ___________________ because of the
desire to belong to peers and seek friends‘ approval in order to feel
that they are one with them.
3. __________________ influence their followers to achieve certain
organizational goals.
4. __________________ create and implement the laws of the land.
5. __________________ must be ensured that they are supported with
services they mostly need.
6.
LESSON PERCEPTION OF ONESELF AND
2 OF OTHERS

What’s in?

After learning that you are a human person capable of building and
engaging in different relationships with other people, you are now
challenged to do more of discovering yourself and how others see you.

ACTIVITY 1

THE FUNERAL TEST

Direction: To do this, write your own eulogy and answer questions:

How do I want people to speak of me at my funeral?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

What should they remember me for?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

Which kind of person will people think I was when I‘m gone?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

What’s new?

The story of the Grass-eating

Tiger:
On self-awareness

It‘s about a pregnant Tigress who goes out hunting one day.

She finds a whole herd of goats. And she goes after the goats because she is
very, very hungry.
 She is ravenous. So she attacks
them desperately, and she gets so tired
and runs so hard that she collapses in
exhaustion and she dies giving birth to
her cub.

When the goats return to the field,

they find the motherless newborn. Those
goats decide to adopt him. So he grows
up repeating behaviors like those around
him. He bleats. And he eats grass. He
believes himself to be a goat.

So this little cub who grows into a

tiger now is wandering with the goats and
acting like a goat and bleating like the
goats and eating the way the goats eat.

Then one day a tiger, a big male

tiger, comes into the goat herd and all the
goats scatter except this little tiger. He is
about a year old now and looking at this big male tiger somehow he is sensing an
affinity with this tiger. But he freezes in his tracks and he stands there staring at
the tiger.

The big tiger comes over to him and says ‗What‘s wrong with you?‘ The little
one says ‗What do you mean what‘s wrong with me?‘ The big tiger says ‗What‘s
wrong with you? What are you doing? You are acting weird.

You are acting like a goat.‘ The little tiger says ‗I am a goat!‘ The big one says
‗No you‘re not. You are not a goat.‘ He leads the little tiger over to a pond.

A very still pond. He said ‗Now look at yourself. Really look at yourself.‘ The
little cub looks at himself, and he looks at the big tiger, and he is confused. The
tiger says ‗Come with me, come with me.‘ He takes him back to his den, and in the
den, there is some leftover meat from a gazelle that had been his recent kill.

So he says to the little tiger ‗Eat this.‘ The little cub says ‗Well no way. I am a
vegetarian. ‗ The tiger says ‗Try it. Just try it.‘ So the little tiger reaches over and he
takes a bite off the bone.

What is it?

Perceiving and Presenting the Self

Merriam-Webster defines perception as a mental image, while self-

perception as the idea about the kind of person someone is. Given these
definitions of the terms, how do you understand or see yourself as a person?
 The development of self-perception happens althroughout a person‘s
lifetime. Many questions arise as to what kind of person you are and what
kind of person others see and/or know you. Thus, in the study of self, there
three (3) core concepts to understand --- self-concept, self-esteem and self-
efficacy.

There is a great relationship of these three concepts in understanding

the self. Self-efficacy influences the self-esteem which also influences the
self-concept. Before going deeper into the relationship of these three, let us
first understand each concept.
Self-concept is the person’s awareness or thinking about himself. Self-
concept is developed in ways like: a person‘s interaction with others and
their reaction to him and comparisons to other people (as in superiority and
inferiority, similarity and difference). Next, self-esteem are the specific
evaluations or judgements a person creates about the self-concept. Self-
esteem affects the way a person communicates and behaves by which this
concept varies through life and the context a person is in. Lastly, self-
efficacy is developed through experience. This is also about the
person’s extent of seeing himself as an effective individual.
Going back to the explanation of the relationship of the three core
concepts, here is an example:
Pedro did a good job on his first college speech. During a meeting with
his professor, Pedro indicates that he is confident going into the next speech
and thinks he will do well. This skill-based assessment is an indication that
Pedro has a high level of self-efficacy related to public speaking. If he does
well on the speech, the praise from his classmates and professor will reinforce
his self-efficacy and lead him to positively evaluate his speaking skills, which
will contribute to his self-esteem. By the end of the class, Pedro likely thinks of
himself as a good public speaker, which may then become an important part
of his self-concept. Throughout these points of connection, it‟s important to
remember that self-perception affects how we communicate, behave, and
perceive other things. Pedro‟s increased feeling of self-efficacy may give him
more confidence in his delivery, which will likely result in positive feedback
that reinforces his self-perception. He may start to perceive his professor more
positively since they share an interest in public speaking, and he may begin to
notice other people‟s speaking skills more during class presentations and
public lectures. Over time, he may even start to think about changing his
major to communication or pursuing career options that incorporate public
speaking, which would further integrate being “a good public speaker” into his
self-concept. You can hopefully see that these interconnections can create
powerful positive or negative cycles. While some of this process is under our
control, much of it is also shaped by the people in our lives (Perceiving and
Presenting Self).

What’s more

ACTIVITY 2

DISCOVER YOUR EULERIAN DESTINY

Filling out the Eulerian Destiny circles provokes critical thinking and
self-reflection. Doing this requires you to look at four areas of your life by
answering the following questions:

Note: Take a while to write these things down in four overlapping circles and
see where they all meet. This may take time and serious thinking, but it can
result in defining and refining your purpose in life. This will provide you with
a framework to form your future and a basis of self-awareness.
 What I have learned?

After learning all about self-perception, self-esteem and self-efficacy,

you go back to the first activity you had in this lesson. However, this time
try to recall how others have described you or told you about yourself.

REPEATING ACTIVITY 1

THE FUNERAL TEST

To do this, write your own eulogy and answer questions:

How do I want people to speak of me at my funeral?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

What should they remember me for?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

Which kind of person will people think I was when I‘m gone?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

KNOWING SOMETHING ABOUT

LESSON
FILIPINO VALUES
3
RELATIONSHIPS

What’s new?

ACTIVITY 1

TV COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENTS AND FILIPINO VALUES

In here, you are tasked to review at least five (5) TV commercial

advertisements and tell what Filipino values are shown in each
advertisement. You can write as many values as shown in the
advertisements.

ADVERTISEMENTS FILIPINO VALUES SHOWN

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What is it?

Filipino Values

Values are guide to man‘s behaviors and actions as they relate with
others in most situations in life. With Filipinos, values are somehow the
symbol of identity which help them keep harmonious relationships.
Some of the Filipino values that we are known with:
 sense of propriety or „hiya‟
- a rather positively defined values among Filipinos which
means conformity to the good.
 pakikipagkapwa-tao
- showing empathy towards and with others.
 hospitality
- one of the values by which Filipinos are famous of; being polite
and accommodating to other people.
 utang na loob
- a sense of obligation to the part of someone being helped with
to repay the one who has done a favor.
 bayanihan
- the spirit of communal unity and cooperation.
 So to say, Filipino social relationships are like mosaic of
different values that are alive in every Filipino whether whom they are with.
A lot of researchers have already studied about these values and found them
unique to this culture.

What’s more?

Every culture has its own strengths and weaknesses by which people
who belong to that certain culture may find it difficult as strength or
weakness because those are the things that they are used to. As someone
who has undergone all the lessons of this subject, it is expected from you
that you can now compare different things and think a little more critically.
Hence, your task before this module ends is to recall or research some
weak characteristics Filipinos have and what can you do to make it better
when similar situations come your way.

Weak Filipino Situation/s that

Action to Make it
Values/Characteristics Values is/are
Better
Observed

What I have learned?

CONGRATULATIONS! You‘re almost done with this module!

Now, to know better how much you have learned from the lessons you‘ve
had in here and in what ways you can apply your learning to the real life,
you are tasked to write a letter of commitment to yourself about something
that has mostly remained from all that was tackled here. Write it in a special
paper with creativity!

Dear self, I commit to . . .

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
SUMMARY
As you grow up and develop yourself you will see that a lot of
things comprise life and that these things will affect you. In building and
committing into relationships, you must learn that every choice you make
and the every step you take can influence other people as you also influence
them. You must learn how to take charge as a good leader and how to be a
good follower as both affect all that surround you.
Next, as a growing individual you must also learn to perceive
yourself appropriately balancing all the factors that affect you and your
characteristics that have been developed all this time. Recognizing yourself
well while looking to your surrounding will help you develop yourself as an
efficient individual.
Lastly, as a Filipino adolescent, you must also know, recognize
and learn the values that shaped you, your family and the community where
you belong. By this, you will be able to embrace the identity of your culture
and behave appropriately and create better relationships with others
successfully.

What can I do

The values mentioned above are just few of the many values that you
may have observed as a Filipino adolescent. Now, it‘s your turn to recall
other values that you know or have been practicing at home or in the
community where you belong. Cite at least three values and give brief
explanation of each.

1. _____________________ - ___________________________________
2. _____________________ - ___________________________________
3. _____________________ - ___________________________________

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Direction: Read each statement carefully. Choose the best answer from the
given choices.
1. The idea about the kind of person someone is.
A. concept B. perception
C. self-perception D. self-esteem

2. It is the person‘s awareness or thinking about himself.

A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence
3. These are the specific evaluations or judgements a person creates
about the self-concept.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

4. This is developed through experience which is about the person‘s

extent of seeing himself as an effective individual.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence
5. These are relationships depending on the degree of intimacy that a
person offers to other people.
A. interpersonal relationship B. intrapersonal relationships
C. personal relationships D. social relationships

7. An individual has __________ to represent as he builds and commits

into relationships.
A. job B. mask
C. roles D. work

8. These are the people who create and implement the laws of the land.
9. A. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

8. They are the people who promote ethical behavior, responsible

personal decisions and social justice.
9. A. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

9. One of the values by which Filipinos are famous of; being polite and
accommodating to other people.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

10. A sense of obligation to the part of someone being helped with to

repay the one who has done a favor.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

11. The spirit of communal unity and cooperation.

A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

12. These are guide to man‘s behaviors and actions as they relate with
others in most situations in life.
A. beliefs B. philosophies
C. principles D. values

13. The time when an individual is changing from a child to an adult.

A. adolescence B. adulthood
 C. middle adulthood D. adult

14. This is the ability of a person in authority to guide others to achieve

certain organizational goals.
10.A. guidance B. instruct
C. followership D. leadership

15. The impact of a person to another person which causes him to

change his behavior as convinced by the influencer.
11.A. personal relationships B. followership
C. leadership D. social influence
 Key to Answers

Pre-test Post Test

1. D 1. C
2. C 2. A
3. C 3. B
4. A 4. C
5. D 5. D
6. D 6. C
7. C 7. C
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. B
10. C 10. D
11. D 11. A
12. A 12. D
13. B 13. A
14. D 14. D
15. A 15. D
References
Walinga, Jennifer, and Charles Stangor. ―7.3 Adolescence: Developing
Independence and Identity.‖ Introduction to Psychology 1st Canadian
Edition. BCcampus, October 17, 2014.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/6-3-
adolescence-developing-independence-and-identity/.

Social Influence. Accessed June 18, 2020.

http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/social_influence.htm.

Torres, Rupert Garry. ―Social Relationship in Middle and Late Adolescence.‖

LinkedIn SlideShare, March 7, 2017.
https://www.slideshare.net/RupertGarryTorres/social-relationship-in-
middle-and-late-adolescence.

Pier. ―Filipino Culture - Core Concepts.‖ Cultural Atlas. Accessed June 18,
2020. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/filipino-culture/filipino-
culture-core-concepts.

Amistad, Kimberly. ―FILIPINO VALUES.‖ LinkedIn SlideShare, August 6,

2014. https://www.slideshare.net/kimberlyamistad/filipino-values-
37709135.

―Trust Walk.‖ Trust Walk | Drama-Based Instruction. Accessed June 18,

2020. https://dbp.theatredance.utexas.edu/content/trust-walk.

Muctar, Ehsan. ―Chapter 7 - Understanding the Self and Others.‖ LinkedIn

SlideShare, January 9, 2017.
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