Passage 1:

1. relentlessly
2. prehuman
3. stand-ins
4. infestation
5. refreshing
6. ecologically.

Passage 2:
1. Foundational.
2. Manuscripts.
3. Long-lost.
4. Artifacts.
5. Deep-pocketed.
6. Underwrite.
7. Well-heeled.
8. Unabashed.
9. Firsthand.
10. Uncover
 WORD FORM PRACTICE 01 - KEY

WORD FORM PRACTICE – 01 – KEY

Part 1: For questions 1 -10, complete the sentences with the correct forms of
the given words.

1. With his slight frame and boyish looks, Brown may look like a soft touch, but
there’s a tough, UNYIELDING obstinacy to him. (YIELD) (not willing to change your
ideas, beliefs)
2. The description of Palestinian people is entirely inappropriate and they
apologise UNRESERVEDLY for the offence caused. (RESERVE) (if you express a
feeling/opinion unreservedly, you do it completely and without any doubts.)
3. It is a complex, serious interpretation, thoughtful, honest and
AUTHORITATIVE. (AUTHOR) (that you can trust and respect as true and correct)
4. He may not understand what we are trying to do, or may MISINTERPRET
what we are trying to do or say. (INTERPRET)
5. From an easy-going young girl, she had METAMORPHOSED into a neurotic
middle-aged woman. (MORPH) (change or make sb/sth change into sth completely
different, especially over a period of time)
6. He relentlessly BROWN-NOSED Norman Lamont and called him the greatest
post-war chancellor. (NOSE) (to treat somebody in authority with special respect in order to
make them approve of you or treat you better)
7. Mrs. Ranscombe is such a(n) BUSYBODY. I wish she would stop interfering in
my private life. (BODY) (a person who is too interested in what other people are doing)
8. The CONSEQUENTIAL result of this increase in stressful appraisals is a
decrease in psychological well-being. (SEQUENCE) (happening as a result or an
effect of something)
9. British companies still aren’t really ATTUNED to the needs of the Japanese
market. (TUNE) (familiar with somebody/something so that you can understand or recognize
them or it and act in an appropriate way)
10. The Army finds itself UNDERMANNED on the front line because so many
minors have dropped out of training. (MAN) ((of a hospital, factory, etc.) not having
enough people working in order to be able to function well)

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 WORD FORM PRACTICE 01 - KEY

Part 2: For questions 11 – 20, write the correct form of each bracketed word.

A DISASTER OF TITANIC PROPORTIONS

At 11.39 p.m on the evening of Sunday 14 April 1912, (11) LOOKOUTS Frederick
Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic (12) SIGHTED an
eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up
the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to answer, and yelled
“Iceberg, right (13) AHEAD!”. The greatest disaster in (14) MARITIME history
was about to be set in motion.

Thirty-seven seconds later, despite the efforts of officers in the bridge and engine
room to steer around the iceberg, the Titanic struck a piece of (15)
SUBMERGED ice, bursting rivets in the ship’s hull and flooding the first five
watertight (16) COMPARTMENTS. The ship’s designer, Thomas Andrews,
carried out a visual (17) INSPECTION of the ship’s damage and informed
Captain Smith at midnight that the ship would sink in less than two hours. By
12.30 a.m, the lifeboats were filled with women and children, after Smith had
given the command for them to be uncovered and swung out 15 minutes earlier.
The first lifeboat was (18) SUCCESSFULLY lowered 15 minutes later, with only
28 of its 65 seats occupied. By 1.15 a.m, the (19) WATERLINE was beginning
to reach the Titanic’s name on the ship’s bow, and over the next hour every
lifeboat would be released as officers struggled to maintain order amongst the
(20) GROWING panic on board.

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 WORD FORM PRACTICE 01 - KEY

Part 3: For questions 21 – 30, complete the following passage with the correct
forms of given words in the box.

It’s around this time of year that many of us will be offered the (21) DUBIOUS
pleasure of an evening looking through friends’ holiday snaps (or, if you’re
particularly lucky, the feature-length video version), an experience that, unless
your hosts possess striking (22) PHOTOGRAPHIC skills, is more often than not
a mind-numbing parade of ‘That’s me in a temple. That’s John in a temple. That’s
me and John in a temple.’ No matter how stunning or culturally diverse the
destination may have been, it always seems diminished when (23) FILTERED
through someone else’s memory.

It might be argued that it’s impossible to convey the wonder of travel (24)
SECOND-HAND , and that travel writing can never be more than the literary
(25) EQUIVALENT of a trawl through someone else’s holiday photos. Now that
cheap flights and backpacking tours have made the remotest (26)
BACKWATERS of the planet widely accessible, the genre might even have been
in danger of (27) REDUNDANCY; we no longer read descriptions of the Arabian
desert or the foothills of the Himalayas with (28) WIDE-EYED astonishment,
because there’s nothing to stop us going there ourselves next week. In fact, we’ve
probably been already. Yet in spite of the fact that exploratory travel is no longer
the exclusive preserve of (29) PROFESSIONALS such as T.E. Lawrence or Sir
Richard Burton, or perhaps because of this, ‘travel writing’ is still a healthy and
(30) FLOURISHING genre.

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 WORD FORM PRACTICE - 02

WORD FORM PRACTICE – 02 (KEY)

Part 1: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given words
1. The lines were interpolated into the manuscript at a later date. (POLE)
2. Then he had been brought home, paralysed from the waist down, embittered and resentful.
(BITTER)
3. Rachaela knew she could read well but was virtually innumerate. (NUMBER)
4. Some groups are very decisive, very productive, very creative and very satisfying for their
members. (SATISFACTION)
5. I am deeply indebted to my family for all their help. (DEBT)
6. The architect was instructed to keep ornamentation to a minimum. (ORNAMENT)
7. It would be trespassing on their hospitality to accept any more from them. (PASS)
8. Discontented workers joined the protests. (CONTENT)
9. Now some meretricious construct called Big Brother – without value, meaning or even
entertainment-value – seems to captivate the luckless viewer. (MERE)
10. A new breed of soothsayers has already been prophesying the virtual demise of the Indian
manufacturing industry. (SAY)

Part 2: Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to
form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

THE DANGERS OF DISTRACTED PARENTING

Smartphones have by now been (1) IMPLICATED in so many crummy IMPLY
outcomes – car fatalities, sleep disturbances, empathy loss, relationship
problems, failure to notice a clown on a unicycle – that it almost seems
easier to list the things they don’t mess up than the things they do. Our
society may be reaching peak (2) CRITICISM of digital devices. CRITICISE

Even so, emerging research suggests that a key problem remains

(3) UNDERAPPRECIATED. It involves kids’ development, but it’s probably APPRECIATE
not what you think. More than screen-obsessed young children, we should
be concerned about (4) TUNED-OUT parents. TUNE

Yes, parents now have more face time with their children than did almost
any parents in history. Despite a dramatic increase in the
(5) PERCENTAGE of women in the workforce, mothers today PERCENT
(6) ASTOUNDINGLY spend more time caring for their children than ASTOUND
mothers did in the 1960s. But the engagement between parent and child is
increasingly (7) LOW-QUALITY, even ersatz. Parents are constantly QUALITY
present in their children’s lives physically, but they are less emotionally (8) TUNE
ATTUNED. To be clear, I’m not (9) UNSYMPATHETIC to parents in this SYMPATHY
predicament. My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn’t have
survived (10) INFANCY if I’d had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years INFANT
ago.

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 WORD FORM PRACTICE - 02
Part 3: Complete the following passage with the correct forms of given words in the box.

RICH SEAM FRONT FREE CERTAIN

AUTO SEQUENCE FORM INHERIT BOUND

THE FUTURE IS HUMAN

As cities get denser, the modern workforce is being (1) transformed by powerful forces like (2)
automation and global competition. Looked at in one way, these are forces that could eventually
turn us against each other, instilling in people a sense of alienation and (3) uncertainty that can
make urban life lonely and the future of work seem ominous.

That may sound bleak, but there is plenty of reason for hope. According to experts, the disruptions
to urban work life also have the potential to bring us closer together if harnessed correctly, giving
cities—and the companies that operate therein—the chance to create new hives of meaningful
social interaction that can (4) enrich local economies. “People tend to work better together,” says
Ethan Pollack, an associate director of research and policy for the Aspen Institute’s Future of Work
Initiative. “Humans are (5) inherently social beings, so as work becomes more independent, it
further emphasizes the need to create other ways that people can connect with each other.”

A number of urban centers are at the (6) forefront of addressing this change, which is one big
reason why cities in the U.S.—and around the world—are now on the rise. And not just cities like
New York and London. From Kansas City to Denver, São Paulo to New Delhi, cities are all growing
as young entrepreneurs migrate en masse to urban areas, forming a constellation of enterprise that
dots the globe.

Recently, Long Beach, California, lost a giant Boeing manufacturing facility, which decimated the
local economy. Rather than shying away from the (7) consequences of technological innovation,
though, Long Beach was determined to embrace them. The city set about connecting employers
with (8) freelancers, who make up 30 percent of the population, and brought WeWork, the co-
working giant, to its downtown area last year. Since then, Long Beach has seen a hearty revival of
its business district. WeWork’s introduction to the area acted as a kind of (9) binding agent and
economic accelerant, allowing entrepreneurs and enterprises to (10) seamlessly connect within
Long Beach and in cities around the world. “I think WeWork can be a game changer for the future
of cities,” says Robert Garcia, the mayor of Long Beach.
(The Atlantic)

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 WORD FORM PRACTICE – 03 - KEY

WORD FORM PRACTICE – 03 – KEY

Exercise 1:

1. pile-up 2. deep-rooted 3. multifactorial 4. overriding 5. enjoined

6. liquefaction 7. misnomer 8. risk-averse 9. well-directed 10. unimpededly

Exercise 2:

11. paternalistic 12. awaiting 13. accustomed 14. outlets 15. turnover
16. go-between 17. durables 18. begrudgingly 19. cast-offs 20. religiosity

Exercise 3:

21. annotations 22. memorabilia 23. exceptional 24. manuscripts

25. undertake 26. accompany 27. engravers 28. renderings
29. consummate 30. inhabited 31. famously 32. surpassed

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 WORD FORMATION PRACTICE – 06 (KEY)

WORD FORMATION PRACTICE – 06 (KEY)

Part 1. For questions 1-10, complete each sentence using the correct form of the word in
parentheses. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. I read what I write out loud rather than just _________ it as I write. (VOCAL)
2. My sister suggested buying a(n) ________ bookcase where the pieces came in a flat pack for us
to put together ourselves. (ASSEMBLE)
3. We are all ________, all of the time, mastering levels of formality, adjusting content to context in
speech as well as writing. (DIALECT)
4. Using a digital ________, the time taken for an achene to fall 2m in a tightly closed room was
measured. (CHRONICLE)
5. The fact that a lot of other people demonstrate that they are honest does not mean that any
particular individual is honest and ________. (CORRUPT)
6. As well as being a fear of open spaces, _________ is also a fear of being in a crowd, being alone
in a house and travelling alone. (PHOBIA)
7. Nanotechnology may open the door to smaller, more reliable, and less _________ memory chips
in cell phones, network gear, and other devices. (POWER)
8. Since the bank robbers have hostages, the police chief decided to _________ the order to storm
the building. (MANDATE)
9. Loyalty programs, gift cards, and other _________ aimed at keeping shoppers hooked on a
particular retailer are spreading faster than word of a fabulous bargain in aisle 5. (COME)
10. It is likely that prices will decrease as there is a(n) _________ of 25,000 unsold new houses.
(HANG)
Your answers:
1. subvocalise 2. self-assembly 3. multidialectal 4. chronometer 5. incorruptible
6. agoraphobia 7. power-hungry 8. countermand 9. come-ons 10. overhang

Part 2. For questions 11-20, give the correct form of the word in brackets. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes below.
Cities have (11. HISTORY) _______ concentrated wealth, but today, with the rise of the new
plutocracy and hitherto unseen levels of inequality, they are becoming sinks for the excess profits of the
privileged few. More than ever, cities are becoming places that favour the wishes of capital over the
needs of large sections of the population.
An extreme example is Dubai, transformed by oil wealth from a sleepy (12. BACK) ______ just
30 years ago to the epitome of blingy architectural ambition today. When Dubai began to boom, the uber-
rich from the four corners of the world wanted in on the action. Today it has the world’s tallest skyscraper,
luxury malls that draw the international shopperati, and even an indoor ski resort complete with a
mountain maintained at freezing temperatures in the midst of a baking desert. Its proliferation of towers
gives it the dubious distinction of having the world’s greatest concentration of ‘vanity space’ – upper
storeys that are too high to let either due to the time penalty involved in reaching them and/or their small
floor space. Of the city’s 3.1 million residents, nearly 90 per cent are (13. PATRIOT) _______, the
majority of them impoverished migrant workers brought in to work on the construction projects. These
instantly (14. DEPORT) _______ non-citizens work in conditions compared to indentured (15. SERVE)
_______, often lacking even the right to visit the lavish spaces they have built.
The traditional form of (16. SPACE) _______ segregation by levels of wealth has long been
condemned by urbanists as destructive to the notion of an open city. But it has begun to harden in all
kinds of ways. With the (17. FULL) _______ embrace of neoliberalism in the 1980s, and its destruction of
public ownership and promotion of cutthroat market ‘solutions’, a juggernaut began to roll. Market forces
started to exert (18. DUE) _______ influence on planning and the notion of public space became
susceptible to the creep of privatization. In cities that ever had it, local authorities began to sell off – and
neglect – social housing. In tandem, ever-increasing financialization of the economy (money making
money) and the use of real estate as an easily tradeable investment led to a situation where housing
began to lose its social value, increasingly becoming a(n) (19. PLAY) _______ for the rich to control.
Worldwide, cities began to undergo building booms of luxury developments, capturing territory to the
exclusion of the seekers arriving at their gates. Transborder investments were invited with open arms,

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 WORD FORMATION PRACTICE – 06 (KEY)

spiralling housing prices were taken as a sign of a buoyant property market. Property became a safe
place to park big money, often of dubious origin. None of this was to the benefit of anyone who was not
already wealthy. Indeed, in surveys, residents of cities with the hottest real estate routinely rank
themselves lower in terms of happiness than those of perhaps more (20. LACK) _______ cities where
the price of a roof over one’s head hasn’t gone through it.
(Source: New Internationalist)
Your answers:
11. historically 12. backwater
13. expatriates/expats 14. deportable
15. servitude 16. spatial
17. full-on 18. undue
19. plaything 20. lacklustre

Part 3. For questions 21-30, complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words
given in the box. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

ADEQUATE CLOTHING SEEM OCCUPY PERSPECTIVE

VIRTUE TEACH ART VIEW TRUST

In public Greek life, a man had to make his way at every step through the immediate persuasion
of the spoken word. Whether it be addressing an assembly, a law-court or a more restricted body, his
oratory would be a public affair rather than under the (21) _______ of a quiet committee, without the
support of circulated commentary, and with no (22) _______ of daily reportage to make his own or others‘
views familiar to his hearers. The oratory's immediate effect was all-important; it would be naive to expect
that mere reasonableness or an inherently good case would equate to a satisfactory appeal. Therefore, it
was early realized that persuasion was an art, up to a point (23) _______, and a variety of specific
pedagogy was well established in the second half of the fifth century. When the sophists claimed to teach
their pupils how to succeed in public life, rhetoric was a large part of what they meant, though, to do them
justice, it was not the whole.
Skill naturally bred (24) _______. If a man of good will had need of expression advanced of mere
twaddle, to learn how to expound his contention effectively, the truculent or pugnacious could be taught to
dress their case in (25) _______ guise. It was a standing charge against the sophists that they ‘made the
worse appear the better cause,‘ and it was this immoral lesson which the hero of Aristophanes‘ Clouds
went to learn from, of all people, Socrates. Again, the charge is often made in court that the opponent is
an adroit orator and the jury must be (26) _______ so as not to let him delude them. From the frequency
with which this crops up, it is patent that the accusation of cleverness might damage a man. In Greece,
juries, of course, were familiar with the style, and would recognize the more evident (27) _______, but it
was worth a litigant‘s while to get his speech written for him by an expert. Persuasive oratory was
certainly one of the pressures that would be effective in an Athenian law-court.
A more insidious danger was the inevitable desire to display this art as an art. It is not easy to
define the point at which a legitimate concern with style shades off into (28) _______ with manner at the
expense of matter, but it is easy to perceive that many Greek writers of the fourth and later centuries
passed that danger point. The most influential was Isocrates, who polished for long years his pamphlets,
written in the form of speeches, and taught to many pupils the smooth and easy periods he had
perfected. Isocrates took to the written word in compensation for his (29) _______ in live oratory; the
tough and nervous tones of a Demosthenes were far removed from his, though they, too, were based on
study and practice. The exaltation of (30) _______ did palpable harm. The balance was always delicate,
between style as a vehicle and style as an end in itself.
Your answers:
21. purview 22. backcloth
23. teachable 24. mistrust
25. well-seeming 26. circumspect
27. artifices 28. preoccupation
29. inadequacy 30. virtuosity

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