PRACTICAL-4

(1) What is maxwell's bridge ?

-> A Maxwell bridge is a modification to a Wheatstone bridge used to
measure an
unknown inductance in terms of calibrated resistance and inductance or
resistance
and capacitance.

OR
The bridge used for the measurement of self-inductance of the circuit is
known
as the Maxwell bridge

(2) What is the difference between Schering bridge and Maxwell bridge?
-> The Schering bridge works on the principle of balancing the load on its
arm.
Maxwell's Bridge: This bridge is used for the measurement of inductance

(3)Maxwell's bridge:-inductance
Schering bridge :-insulating properties, dielectric loss and power factor
of a capacitor
whiston bridge :-resistance

(4) what is inductance ?

-> Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change
in
the electric current flowing through it
[unit- H ,henry]
OR
inductance is the ability to store energy in the form of a magnetic field.
{L = μ N 2 A / l OR L = Φ / I}
(5)in this circuite which voltage is used ac or dc?
-> ac

(6) suppose ke l1 ane l2 inductance che to eno equivalence series inductance

su thay?
-> Ls= L1+L2
to capacitor na equivalance mate su thay?
- >c=C1xC2/C1+C2
similarly Lp and Cp mate pan puchi sake...

(7) multimeter ni help thi su measure kari sakay?

-> ac,dc voltage and current, resistance....

(8) formula of capacitance?

-> C=qv
to C e (q) ane (v) par adhar rakhe che ke nai..?
-> adhar nathi rakhato..

(9)parallel capacitor na capacitance no formula ?

(10) what is conductance ?

-> Capacitance is the ability to store energy in the form of an electric field.
[unit - ohm-1 (mho) OR ohm per meter OR seimens]

{G = 1/R}

(11)what is μ (permeability) ?
-> permeability is the measure of magnetization produced in a material
in response to an applied magnetic field
[unit:- Henries per metre (h/m) OR newtons per ampere square.]
{Magnetic Permeability (μ) = B/H}
(12) what is ε (Permittivity) ?
-> Permittivity is a property of a material that measures the opposition it
offers against an electric field.

PRACTICAL-5

(1) what is the meaning of resolving power of telescope ?

-> the ability of the instrument to distinguish clearly between two points
whose angular separation is less than the smallest angle that the
observer's eye can resolve

href=https://byjus.com/physics/resolving-power-of-microscopes-and-telesco
pes/

(2) resolving power ?

-> D/d = a / 1.22 λ
[D = is distance of the objects from objective of the telescope. a - is critical
width of the
rectangular slit for just resolution of two slits or objects.]

(3) which lenses are used in telescope ?

-> biconvex lens

PRACTICAL :- 6

(1) what is curvature of radius of convex lens?

-> The "radius of curvature" of a convex lens is the distance between the
centre of curvature (C)
and the curvature of that sphere.
(2) what is refractive index ?
-> the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified
medium.
[unit:- no unit because ratio never has unit..]
{n = c/v }
n = refractive index
c = speed of light
v = phase velocity of ligh

(3)refractive index:
->vacume :-1
->air :-1.00027
->ice :- 1.31
->water:-1.3333
->glass :-1.5
->diamond :-2.42

PRACTICAL :- 5(304)

(1) what are basic logic gates ?

->Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an
electronic circuit
having one or more than one input and only one output.

(2) how many types of logic gates ?

->AND, NAND, OR, XOR, NOT, NOR, and XNOR.

(3) what is the Boolean function or the Boolean algebra ?

->a function having n number of entries or variables, so it has 2n number of
possible combinations
of the given variables. Such functions would only assume 0 or 1 in their
output is called
boolean function.
{boolean function:- f(p,q,r) = p X q + r.}

(4) logic gates kaya function upar adharit hoy che..?

-> boolean function or boolean algebra..

(5) what are binary digits ?

->a binary digit, or bit, is the smallest unit of data. Each bit has a single
value of either 1 or 0,
which means it can't take on any other value.