Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group 2 Indonesia
Group 2 Indonesia
Sang Merah-Putih
1942-1945
Japanese Occupation: Japan occupies Indonesia during World War II,
dismantling Dutch rule and fostering nationalist sentiments.
1945
Declaration of Independence: Indonesia declares independence on
August 17, 1945, triggering the struggle for sovereignty.
1967-1998
Suharto’s New Order: Suharto’s regime emphasizes stability, economic
development, and political control, but faces criticism for authoritarian
rule.
1998 Onward
Reformasi: Suharto resigns in 1998, leading to political reforms,
decentralization, and the establishment of a more democratic governance
system.
Contemporary Era
Economic Growth: Indonesia experiences economic growth, attracting
foreign investment and diversifying its economy.
1.Javanese:
• The largest ethnic group in Indonesia, Javanese culture is known for its refined manners,
emphasis on politeness and respect, and strong emphasis on family and community values.
•Traditional Javanese dance, like the graceful Legong and Reog Ponorogo with its iconic lion-
like mask, are captivating expressions of their artistic heritage.
•Gamelan, an ensemble of metallophones, gongs, drums, and other instruments, produces a
unique and mesmerizing sound that is central to Javanese music and performances.
2.Sundanese:
• Primarily inhabiting West Java, Sundanese culture is known for its easygoing nature, humor,
and strong sense of community.
•Angklung, a bamboo musical instrument played in an ensemble, is a distinctive feature of
Sundanese music and a symbol of their cultural identity.
•Wayang golek, intricate wooden rod puppets used in shadow puppet plays, tell stories and
myths that captivate audiences of all ages.
3.Balinese:
• Balinese culture is deeply intertwined with Hinduism and its rituals, resulting in a vibrant and
colorful expression of faith.
•∆Barong and Rangda, a dramatic dance depicting the eternal battle between good and evil, is
a popular and visually stunning performance.
•Traditional Balinese music is characterized by its complex melodies, intricate rhythms, and
use of instruments like the gamelan and the jegog, a bamboo percussion instrument.
4.Batak:
•Primarily found in North Sumatra, Batak culture is known for its rich oral traditions, unique
architecture, and diverse musical styles.
•Traditional Batak houses, called ruma bolon, are impressive wooden structures with
distinctive curved roofs and ornate carvings.
•Batak music encompasses a variety of styles, from the lively and energetic tortor dance music
to the more introspective and spiritual tali arupa songs.
5.Dayak:
•Inhabiting Kalimantan, the Dayak people encompass over 200 distinct sub-groups, each with
its own unique customs, languages, and traditions.
•Their traditional clothing is often colorful and adorned with beads, feathers, and other
decorative elements.
•Dayak music is typically percussive and features instruments like the gendang (drum) and
sape (lute).
Volcanic eruptions: These pose threats to life and property, requiring disaster preparedness and
risk management strategies.
Deforestation: Loss of rainforests threatens biodiversity and indigenous livelihoods,
necessitating sustainable practices.
Natural disasters: Floods, tsunamis, and earthquakes are common due to Indonesia’s
geographical location, requiring adaptation and resilience measures.
Overall, the diverse geography of Indonesia presents both opportunities and challenges,
shaping the lives of its people in countless ways. It’s a fascinating interplay where human
ingenuity and adaptation intertwine with the power and beauty of nature.