UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET

Chapter – 10: CREATING A SPREADSHEET

1. A workbook is a collec0on of one or more worksheets, in a single file. Each workbook has a single theme and
contains, at least, one worksheet. The workbook is designed to hold together mul0ple worksheets in order to
organise and consolidate data efficiently. Whereas, A worksheet is composed of a very large number of cells,
which are the basic storage unit for data in a file or workbook. Each sheet contains cells arranged in grid paBern
using rows and columns.

2. There are 1,048,576 row, 1024 columns and 1,073,741,824 cells in a Calc worksheet.

3. A range is a group of con0guous cells, which are selected or denoted collec0vely. It can be as small as a single
cell or as big as an en0re worksheet. You can specify a range by wri0ng the star0ng cell address followed by the
ending cell address, both separated by a colon (:). For example, a range star0ng from C3 and ending in J10 would
be wriBen as B2:H8.

4. Right-click on the sheet tab of Sheet2 and choose Insert Sheet op0on from the menu. Choose Before Current
Sheet from the Insert Sheet dialog box. Click on OK.

5. Right-click on the desired worksheet tab and choose the Move or Copy Sheet op0on and choose the new
document op0on from the 'To document' drop-down list and click on OK.

Chapter – 11: EDITING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET

1. The text entered in a cell by using the keyboard is called a label. A label can be a combina0on of both numeric
and non-numeric data along with spaces. By default, the labels are le]-aligned in a cell and are never used for
calcula0on purposes. Whereas, the numeric data is called value in Calc and can contain the digits 0-9. By default,
the values are right-aligned in a cell.

2. A formula is a symbolic expression that can include numbers, cell addresses, arithme0c operators, and
parenthesis. Formulas establish a rela0onship between two or more cells. It is used to calcula0ons. It starts with
‘=’ sign. For example, =(4+8*2) will show the result 20.

3. To insert a blank row above row 5: • _Right-click on the row header of row 5, where you want to insert a new
row.
• _From the Context menu, select the Insert Rows op0on.
• _A new row will be inserted just above the row 5.

4. COUNT() func0on counts the number of values such as numeric entries, logical values, formulas, and date
entries in a given range of cells. For example, =COUNT(A4:G4) will count all numeric entries from A4 to G4.
5. Func0ons are pre-designed formulas to perform simple and complex calcula0ons. They eliminate the chance
to write wrong formulas. The func0ons are made up of two parts — Arguments and Structure.

BRAIN DEVELOPER

SECTION 1: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS-(SOLVED) SECTION 2: THEORY QUESTIONS-(SOLVED)

SECTION 3: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS-(SOLVED) SECTION 4: THEORY QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)

1. Func0ons are pre-designed formulas to perform simple and complex calcula0ons. They eliminate the chance
to write wrong formulas. The func0ons are made up of two parts — Arguments and Structure.

Arguments are input values to func0ons. These can be numbers, text, logical values (such as True or False), range
of cells, constants, formulas or even other func0ons.
The Structure of a func0on defines its basic skeleton, which forms the basis of wri0ng the general syntax of
func0ons. The structure begins with the func0on name followed by a list of arguments separated by commas
(semicolon in case of range of cells) within the parenthesis. A func0on must begin with the ‘=’ sign.
=FUNCTION NAME (argument1, argument2, argument3 )
2. Count() func0on counts the number of values such as numeric entries, logical values, formulas, and date entries
in a given range of cells.

3. a) Average() b) Max() c) Sum() d) Min()

4. Some important features of spreadsheet are: • _Func0ons and Formulas: Func0ons are the built-in formulas
which are used for making calcula0ons such as calcula0ng percentage, interest, average, etc., in Calc. Formulas
are mainly used for performing simple and complex calcula0ons.
• _Formakng Features: These features are used for improving the appearance of data.
• _Auto-calcula0on: The data is automa0cally recalculated in the whole worksheet, if any change is made in a
single cell.
Some popular spreadsheet so]ware are:
a) Microso] Excel b)LibreOffice Calc c) Gnumeric d)OpenOffice Calc

5. a) Cell : A cell is an intersec0on of a column and a row in a worksheet. It is rectangular in shape. Each cell is
iden0fied by its column leBer and row number, which is known as Cell Address, for example, A1, G2, etc.

b) Workbook: A workbook is a collec0on of one or more worksheets, in a single file. Each workbook has a
single theme and contains, at least, one worksheet. The workbook is designed to hold together mul0ple
worksheets in order to organise and consolidate data efficiently.

b) Worksheet: A worksheet is composed of a very large number of cells, which are the basic storage unit for
data in a file or workbook. Each sheet contains cells arranged in grid paBern using rows and columns.

6. In Calc, each sheet can have 2²⁰=1,048,576 rows and a maximum of 2¹⁰=1024 columns. The address of 10th row
and 10th column is J10, 100th row and 100th column is CV100

7. The Formula bar is located at the top of the sheet in the Calc workspace. It is located to the right of the Name
box. This bar shows the characters and formulas that you enter in an ac0ve cell. It shows the actual content of
the cell. Whereas, Name box is located on the le] side in the Formula bar. This area displays the loca0on of the
cell pointer by displaying its address. For example, A1, B6, etc.

8. To move/copy a worksheet:
• _In the Move/Copy Sheet dialog box, from the Insert before list, select the worksheet above which you want to
move the current worksheet and click on OK.
• _You can also opt to move this worksheet to the end of the list.
• _You will see that the desired worksheet has moved to its new place.
• _You can also drag the Sheet tab and drop it in its new loca0on. To rename a worksheet:
• _Right-click on the Sheet tab which you want to rename.
• _Choose the Rename Sheet op0on. You will see the Rename Sheet dialog box.
• _Assign a new name for the worksheet and click on OK.
• _The worksheet will be renamed.
To delete a worksheet:
•Right-click on the desired worksheet and choose the Delete Sheet op0on.
•You will get a dialog box asking for confirma0on to delete.
•To delete the selected worksheet, click on Yes.

9.The text entered in a cell by using the keyboard is called. A label. A label can be a combina0on of both numeric
and non-numeric data along with spaces. By default, the labels are le]-aligned in a cell and are never used for
calcula0on purposes. Whereas, the numeric data is called value in Calc and can contain the digits 0-9. By default,
the values are right-aligned in a cell.Forexample,98Hello42,A2Zarelabels.Whereas,7902isavalue.

10.The four basic mathema0cal opera0ons supported by Calc are: addi0on, subtrac0on, mul0plica0on, and
division.

11.AVERAGE () finds the average of a range of numbers. The func0on takes two arguments-the star0ng cell
address to the ending cell address as the con0nuous range of cells.

12.A range is a group of con0guous cells, which are selected or denoted collec0vely. It can be as small as a single
cell or as big as an en0re worksheet. You can specify a range by wri0ng the star0ng cell address followed by the
ending cell address, both separated by a colon (:). For example, a range star0ng from C3 and ending in J10 would
be wriBen as B2:H8.

13.Sum (C7:F15) Average(C7:F15)

14.Joining two or more text values together is called Concatena0on. You can use the ampersand symbol(&) for
addi0on. Follow the steps to concatenate the text values:
•Enter two string type values in cell A1 andB1, say Kips inA1 andIndiainB1.
•Enter the formula= "Kips"&"India"incellC1andpressEnterkey.
•It will display Kips India in the cellC1.

Chapter–12: FORMATTING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET

1.Wrapping the text meansdisplaying mul0ple lineswithin the cell. The WrapText feature inCalccanhelp
youdisplay lengthytex0n asinglecellwithout movingthe contenBo theothercells.
increasing the column width one can see the cell content properly.
3. Calc provides a variety of predefined Date and Time formats for different locales. To enter date type data use
‘/’ to separate month, day and year. To enter 0me type data use ‘:’ to separate hours, minutes and seconds.
4. To convert numeric data into labels, do the following: • _Select the range of cells to be formaBed as labels.
• _Right-click and select Format Cells op0on.
• _Click on the Number tab.
• _Select Text under the Category sec0on.
• _Click on OK.

5. Fill Handle is a feature that allows the user to extend and fill a series of numbers, dates, or even text to a
desired number of cells. In the ac0ve cell of the spreadsheet, the Fill Handle is

a small black box at the boBom right corner. Fill Handle tool eases the work of entering data. It is a shortcut way
to fill cells by dragging the Fill Handle in the direc0on you want to fill. If the cell contains a number, the number
will be filled in the series. If the cell contains text, the same text will be filled in the direc0on you choose.

Chapter – 13: CELL REFERENCING

1. A cell reference refers to a cell or range of cells on a spreadsheet, that can be used in a formula or func0on
from one cell to the next along the row or column. A cell reference can be used to refer to the: a. data from one
or more con0guous cells on the worksheet.
b. data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
c. data on other worksheets in the same workbook.
2. a. Some0mes, you need to copy a formula in which the content of the cell(s) associated with this formula must
be fixed. In that condi0on, absolute cell referencing is used. In this case, you can keep the cell address constant
and it is designated in a formula by the addi0on of a dollar sign ($) preceding the column and the row referenced,
e.g., $D$3,

$B$24, $A$10:$D$16, etc. If you copy the formula =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5 from row 5 to row 6, the formula will
remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5. If the same formula is pasted in cell I7, the formula will s0ll remain
=$C$5+$D$5+$E$5.
b. When a rela0ve cell reference is copied across mul0ple cells, they get changed based on the rela0ve posi0on
of rows and columns. The rela0ve cell reference changes itself according to the rela0onship with the posi0on in
the cell(s) on the worksheet. If you copy the formula =C3+D3+E3 from row 3 to row 4, the formula will
automa0cally become =C4+D4+E4. If the same formula is pasted in cell I7, the formula will become

=F7+G7+H7.
c. A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or column. It is a combina0on of rela0ve and
absolute referencing. In this case, either one of the row or column is absolute (fixed) or the other is rela0ve
(changeable), for example, D$3, $B24,

$A10:$D16, etc. If you copy the formula =$C7+$D7+$E7 from row 7 to row 8, the formula will become
=$C8+$D8+$E8. If the same formula is pasted in cell I9, the formula will become =$C9+$D9+$E9. Since the column
reference is absolute, therefore, the column address will not change, whereas the rela0ve row reference will
change accordingly.

3. Rela0ve and absolute references behave differently when copied and filled to other cells. Rela0ve references
change when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute references, on the other hand, remain constant no
maBer where they are copied.
Chapter – 14: INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS
1. A chart is a graphical representa0on of data in a worksheet.
2. In a Calc worksheet, chart helps to provide a beBer understanding of large quan00es of data. Charts make it
easier to draw comparison, see growth and rela0onship among the values and trends in data. They provide an
accurate analysis of informa0on.
3. Column chart
4. Chart Wall is a window within the Chart area. It contains the actual chart itself and includes ploBed data, data
series, category, and value axis.

BRAIN DEVELOPER
SECTION 1: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS-(SOLVED) SECTION 2: THEORY QUESTIONS-(SOLVED)
SECTION 3: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS-(SOLVED) SECTION 4: THEORY QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)
1. Formakng features help to beau0fy the data and make the worksheet presentable. Formakng helps to
enhance the overall look of the workbook.
2. To format numbers into labels, follow these steps: a. Select the range of cells to be formaBed as labels.
b. Right-click and select Format Cells op0on.
c. Click on the Number tab.
d. Select Text under the Category sec0on.
e. Click on OK.
f. Observe that the data formaBed as labels appear le]-aligned.

The Scien0fic format (also referred to as Standard or Standard Index Form) is a compact way to display very large
or very small numbers. To format numbers into scien0fic format, do the following:
a. Select the range of cells to be formaBed as scien0fic.
b. Right-click and select Format Cells op0on.
c. Click on the Number tab.
d. Select Scien0fic under the Category sec0on.
e. Click on OK.
f. Observe that the data formaBed in scien0fic format.

3. The Alignment tab is used to set the horizontal and ver0cal alignment of data in cells. To set a par0cular
alignment, follow the given steps:
• _Select the cell or range of cells to be aligned.
• _Right-click and select Format Cells op0on.
• _Select the Alignment tab from the dialog box.
• _Select the desired horizontal alignment from the Horizontal drop-down list.
• _Select the desired ver0cal alignment from the Ver0cal drop-down list.
• _Click on OK. You can now no0ce the change in the alignment of the text.

4. To change the text orienta0on, do the following: • _Select the cell or range of cells and Right-click and select
Format Cells op0on.

• _. Open Alignment tab from the Format Cells dialog box.

• _Under the Text orienta0on sec0on, specify the angle in Degrees. If you enter a posi0ve value, the text will
rotate to the le] and vice-versa.
• _Select the desired Reference edge to indicate the cell edge from which to write the rotated text.
• _Click on OK and note the change in text orienta0on.

5. Calc provides a variety of predefined Date and Time formats for different locales. To enter date type data use
‘/’ to separate month, day and year.

6. When a large amount of data is entered in a narrow column, Calc displays hash signs (######) instead of the
data that you have entered. These signs indicate that the column is not wide enough to display the cell content.
By increasing the column width one can see the cell content properly. To change the column width:
• _Place the pointer over the column line in the column heading so that the cursor becomes a double -headed
arrow.
• _Clicking and dragging the column to the right will increase the column width. Dragging it to the le] will
decrease the column width.
• _The column width will be changed once the mouse is released.

7. Fill Handle is a feature that allows the user to extend and fill a series of numbers, dates, or even text to a
desired number of cells. In the ac0ve cell of the spreadsheet, the Fill Handle is a small black box at the boBom
right corner. Fill Handle tool eases the work of entering data. It is a shortcut way to fill cells by dragging the Fill
Handle in the direc0on you want to fill. If the cell contains a number, the number will be filled in the series. If the
cell contains text, the same text will be filled in the direc0on you choose.

8. A cell reference refers to a cell or range of cells on a spreadsheet, that can be used in a formula or func0on
from one cell to the next along the row or column. A cell reference can be used to refer to the:
• _data from one or more con0guous cells on the worksheet.
• _data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
• _data on other worksheets in the same workbook. There are three types of cell referencing. They are: a.
Absolute Referencing: Some0mes, you need to copy a formula in which the content of the cell(s) associated with
this formula must be fixed. In that condi0on, absolute cell referencing is used. In this case, you can keep the cell
address constant and it is designated in a formula by the addi0on of a dollar sign ($) preceding the column and
the row referenced, e.g., $D$3, $B$24, $A$10:$D$16, etc. If you copy the formula

=$C$5+$D$5+$E$5 from row 5 to row 6, the formula will remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5. If the same formula is pasted
in cell I7, the formula will s0ll remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5.
b. Rela2ve Referencing: When a rela0ve cell reference is copied across mul0ple cells, they get changed based on
the rela0ve posi0on of rows and columns. The rela0ve cell reference changes itself according to the rela0onship
with the posi0on in the cell(s) on the worksheet. If you copy the formula =C3+D3+E3 from row 3 to row 4, the
formula will automa0cally become =C4+D4+E4. If the same formula is pasted in cell I7, the formula will become
=F7+G7+H7.
c. Mixed Referencing: A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or column. It is a combina0on
of rela0ve and absolute referencing. In this case, either one of the row or column is absolute (fixed) or the other
is rela0ve (changeable), for example, D$3, $B24, $A10:$D16, etc. If you copy the formula =$C7+$D7+$E7 from
row 7 to row 8, the formula will become =$C8+$D8+$E8. If the same formula is pasted in cell I9, the formula will
become =$C9+$D9+$E9. Since the column reference is absolute, therefore, the column address will not change,
whereas the rela0ve row reference will change accordingly.

9. A chart is a graphical representa0on of data in a worksheet. In a Calc worksheet, chart helps to provide a beBer
understanding of large quan00es of data. Charts make it easier to draw comparison, see growth and rela0onship
among the values and trends in data. They provide an accurate analysis of informa0on.

10. Follow these steps to insert a chart in Calc:

• _Select the range of cells from the worksheet that contains the source data for the chart.
• _Open the Chart Wizard dialog box using one of the two methods:
• _Click on the Chart icon present on the Standard Toolbar. Or
• _Click on lnsert > Chart.

SECTION 5: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)

a. In cell D4 type =(C4*22/100)+C4. Drag the fill handle of cell D4 0ll cell D10.
b. In cell E4 type =(C4*30/100)+C4. Drag the fill handle of cell E4 0ll cell E10.
c. In cell F4 type =AVERAGE(C4:E4). Drag the fill handle of cell F4 0ll cell F10.
d. In cell C11 type =AVERAGE(C4:C10). Drag the fill handle of cell C11 0ll cell E11.
e. Select the data from the worksheet, and Click on lnsert > Chart to insert a chart of your choice.