Al-BAHRIA CSS INSTITUTE

&
Punjab Judicial Officers Academy
DAWN Editorials: 16 March 2024, Saturday

Moving away Sr.# Word

Meaning
in Urdu
Synonyms

PAKISTAN`S politicians and policymakers must evaluate Predecessor Ancestor,

economic models that yield better results than the old 1. ‫رشیپو‬،‫اسہقب‬
(N) Forerunner
five-year plans. Instead, just like its predecessor, the
Shehbaz Sharif government is drafting a five-year Resurgence Revival,
2. ‫ایننج‬
roadmap outlining the way to economic resurgence and (N) Renaissance
stability. The ultimate aim is to curb inflation, alleviate
poverty and create jobs. A committee has been formed to Control,
3. Curb (V) ‫اقوبرکن‬
consult the relevant ministries to set targets for the next Limit
five years in different sectors. Once the required
Lessen,
information is gathered, the economics planners intend 4. Alleviate (V) ‫مکرکن‬ Mitigate
to roll out a `consolidated document` that includes five-
year targets for a number of sectors such as energy, Introduce,
agriculture, SMEs, exports, taxation, IT, investment and 5. Roll out (V) ‫آاغزرکن‬
Start
privatisation. A key component of economic strategy in
the 1960s and 1970s in many countries, five-year plans Consolidated Combined,
lost their utility in the free-market system that
6. ‫وبضمط‬
(Adv) United
consolidated its global hold following the fall of the
Soviet Union. Countries are drifting away from such Estrange,
7. Drift away (V) ‫دوروہن‬
planning models. In recent years, for example, this Alienate
model has made way for a three-year action plan as part
of India`s 15-year vision document. Other economies Harmonize,
8. Sync (N) ‫اطمتقبذپریی‬
have also replaced this document with similar rolling, Coordinate
strategic economic models, which are flexible and in sync
Heritage,
with today`s realities. Five-year plans are a legacy of 9. Legacy (N) ‫ورہث‬ Bequest
highly centralised economic systems where
governments used to shape their growth by controlling Falsification,
economic activities through permits, licences, voucher 10. Distortion (N) ‫اگبڑ‬
Misrepresentation
schemes, nationalisation, credit allocations, etc.
Restrict,
11. Impede (Adj) ‫راکوٹڈانل‬
In the modern world, where the private sector is Hinder
considered the engine of economic growth and
development, such government intervention in the Evolve (V) Change,
12. ‫اراقتٰءرکن‬
economy creates distortions and impedes growth. Grow
Pakistan is a major example of why a government should
not be involved in economic activities. In the light of past Only,
13. Sole (Adj) ‫االیک‬
experience, it is advisable that the government evolve a Single
well-thought-out strategy to reduce its footprint on the
Decentralise ‫رمزکیادتقارمک‬ Disperse,
economy, encourage market forces, and help the private 14.
(V) ‫رکن‬ Devolve
sector realise its full potential. The sole objective of the
government`s development vision should be to evolve ‫ن‬
Paradigm Fundamental
sound policies for private investors for a period of, say, 15. ‫بدیدبتیلی‬
‫ُ یا‬
shift (N) change
20 years, decentralise the power structure for quick
decision-making, and regulate the markets justly to ‫سجیکوخشآمیک‬ Hyped,
protect consumers. This paradigm shift in planning is 16. Touted (Adv)
‫یئگوہ‬ Pushed
not only needed to fix the economy but is also in keeping
with the sociopolitical changes in Pakistan. Centralised Control,
planning hasn`t worked here beyond a certain point. It is 17. Monopoly (N) ‫ااجرہداری‬
Domination
hard to recall if any five-year plan has achieved its goals.
Even the much-touted early plans implemented under Imperiousness,
18. Oligarchy (N) ‫اریمےقبطیکوکحم‬
the Ayub regime in the 1960s produced only business Monocracy
monopolies, and an oligarchy that thrived on the state`s
largesse. It would be much better for the new Flourish,
19. Thrive (V) ‫رفوغاپن‬
government to focus on real reforms and formulation of Prosper
policies needed to pull the country out of poverty rather
than waste its energy and resources on antiquated ideas. Antiquated Old-fashioned,
20. ‫دقمی‬
(Adv) Obsolete

Arranged by: Prof Naveed Sabri

21 Babar Block, New Garden Town, Near Barkat Market Lahore
0333-4438610 0300-4469650 0300-1905555 042-35911609
 Al-BAHRIA CSS INSTITUTE
&
Punjab Judicial Officers Academy
DAWN Editorials: 16 March 2024, Saturday

Privacy in danger Sr.# Word

Meaning
Synonyms
in Urdu
During a recent Islamabad High Court hearing, Disclosure,
revelations about the ease of mobile phone hacking 1. Revelation (N) ‫ااشکنف‬ Exposure
in Pakistan have brought into focus the egregious
manner in which citizens` privacy rights are violated. Flagrant,
2. Egregious (Adj) ‫تبیہنک‬
The PTA chairman told the court a person`s phone Outrageous
could be compromised `within a minute`, laying bare
a troubling reality: the sanctity of our personal Place,
3. Lay (V) ‫رنھک‬،‫اھچبن‬
communication is under threat, and the existing Put
legal framework is insufficient to protect it. The
Holiness,
Telegraph Act, 1885, and the Pakistan 4. Sanctity (N) ‫دقتس‬ Sacredness
Telecommunication (Reorganisation) Act, 1996,
grant broad surveillance powers to the state. The Observation,
Investigation for Fair Trial Act, 2013, further allows 5. Surveillance (N) ‫اجچنڑپاتل‬ Scrutiny
intelligence and LEAs to intercept communications
with authorisation from the federal government and Seize,
a warrant from a high court judge. These same laws 6. Intercept (V) ‫راہںیمروکنیل‬
Capture
in addition to Article 14 of the Constitution are
designed to safeguard privacy, but are regularly Disobey,
7. Flout (V) ‫وتنیہرکن‬
flouted, revealing a gap between legislative intent Defy
and enforcement. The case brought to light by the
IHC, involving allegations of illegal phone tapping, is Expose,
8. Reveal (V) ‫اظرہرکن‬
emblematic of a broader issue: the unchecked Scoop
surveillance regime that operates in the shadows,
Emblematic Symbolic,
beyond the reach of accountability mechanisms. Not 9. ‫العتم‬
(Adj) Representative
only does this regime work against the spirit of
existing laws, it also erodes the principles of Deteriorate,
democracy and justice. To counter such brazen 10. Erode (V) ‫زمکوررکن‬ Weaken
surveillance, several things must occur.
Shameless,
First, there must be a stringent enforcement of 11. Brazen (Adv) ‫ےبایحء‬ Bold
existing laws, with clear mechanisms for
accountability. Any interception of communications Strict,
12. Stringent (Adj) ‫خس‬
should require judicial oversight, with warrants Rigorous
issued only upon demonstration of a compelling
national security interest. Further, there must be a Capture,
13. Interception (N) ‫ااکٹؤ‬،‫دُماتلخ‬
paper trail, documenting the authorisation and Interference
execution of surveillance activities. While this need
Supervision,
not be public, there should be an audit trail accessible 14. Oversight (N) ‫رگنان‬ Surveillance
to oversight bodies. Additionally, the legal
framework must be updated. The vague and broad Track,
powers currently afforded to the state should be 15. Trail (N) ‫راتس‬ Path
narrowed, specifying the circumstances under which
surveillance is permissible and establishing a Unclear,
16. Vague (Adj) ‫ددندھل‬
transparent process for its authorisation and Ambiguous
execution. This includes revising laws like the Permissible Allowable,
Telegraph Act and the Pakistan Telecommunication 17. ‫اقِلبوظنمری‬،‫اجزئ‬
(Adv) Permitted
(Reorganisation) Act to align with contemporary
standards of privacy and human rights. Finally, an Contemporary Current,
independent oversight body should monitor 18. ‫وموجدہ‬
(Adv) Present-day
surveillance, handle complaints, and report to
parliament, balancing security with accountability. Require,
19. Necessitate (V) ‫رضوریرقاردانی‬
Safeguarding privacy rights necessitates legal and Demand
institutional reforms to prevent rights infringements
and reinforce the rule of law. Infringement Breach,
20. ‫الخفورزی‬
(N) Violation

Arranged by: Prof Naveed Sabri

21 Babar Block, New Garden Town, Near Barkat Market Lahore
0333-4438610 0300-4469650 0300-1905555 042-35911609
 Al-BAHRIA CSS INSTITUTE
&
Punjab Judicial Officers Academy
DAWN Editorials: 16 March 2024, Saturday

The polio problem Sr.# Word

Meaning
Synonyms
in Urdu
IT is a tragedy that could have been prevented. Six Disaster,
1. Tragedy (N) ‫اانملکواعق‬،‫اسہحن‬
months after researchers at the National Institute Calamity
of Health`s Pakistan Polio Laboratory flagged the Avoid,
2. Prevent (V) ‫رونک‬
presence of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV-1) in Avert
sewage samples collected from Dera Bugti in
‫واضتح‬،‫درایتفیک‬ Identified,
Balochistan, a 30-month-old child has been 3. Flagged (V)
‫یک‬ Highlighted
paralysed by the virus. The child had been
suffering weakness in his lower limbs, which Desolate,
4. Wild (Adv) ‫ےباگلم‬،‫ویشح‬
worsened progressively. Doctors recently Uninhabited
diagnosed it as poliomyelitis, after discovering Stun,
5. Paralyze (V) ‫ولفمجایک‬
the poliovirus in biological samples collected from Incapacitate
the patient. The particular strain of poliovirus that Leg,
6. Limb (N) ‫دبناکصح‬،‫وضع‬
affected the child is said to be part of the YB3A Appendage
cluster, which, experts say, has been `imported` Exacerbate,
7. Worsen (V) ‫ڑباھن‬
from Afghanistan. Health officials last year Aggravate
blamed it for 90pc of all cases reported in Pakistan Progressively Increasingly,
8. ‫آہتسہآہتسہ‬
recently. The Dera Bugti case is Pakistan`s first (Adv) Gradually
reported polio case for 2024, and the first in the Identify,
district in 13 years, underlining the severe risk 9. Diagnose (V) ‫صیخشترکن‬
Spot
that the movement of at-risk populations poses to
Breed,
Pakistan`s health systems. 10. Strain (N) ‫سق‬
Kind
Highlight,
Given that the rising incidence of polio in Pakistan 11. Underscore (V) ‫امنایںرکن‬ Underline
has been a matter of major concern for the
Acute,
country`s authorities for quite some time now, it 12. Severe (Adj) ‫دشدی‬ Serious
is inexcusable that identified risks are still not
being mitigated as proactively as they ought to be. Cause,
13. Pose (V) ‫ڈانل‬
Result in
For example, given the forewarning of the
presence of WPV-1 in Dera Bugti, one would have Occurrence,
14. Incidence (N) ‫واعق‬
expected the health administration to have had Commonness
more success in preventing infections in the area. Inexcusable Unforgiveable,
15. ‫ناقِلبذعر‬
On a similar note, a polio prevention plan should (Adv) Intolerable
have by now been made a central part of Lessen,
16. Mitigate (V) ‫مکرکن‬
Pakistan`s agenda for diplomatic interactions Alleviate
with the Afghan leadership, considering that the Proactively Cautiously,
two countries are the only two in the world where 17. ‫اایتحطس‬
(Adv) Carefully
the disease is endemic. However, it appears that Foreshadowing,
Forewarning
Islamabad has yet to formulate a position on the 18. ‫ےلہپسآاگیہ‬
(N) Alert
matter. Our dedicated health workers are risking
Contact,
their lives to ensure a polio-free Pakistan; they 19. Interaction (N) ‫ابیمہلمع‬
Interface
must also get all the support they need from the
Prevalent,
state`s administrative machinery. 20. Endemic (N) ‫العاقیئرمض‬
Widespread

Arranged by: Prof Naveed Sabri

21 Babar Block, New Garden Town, Near Barkat Market Lahore
0333-4438610 0300-4469650 0300-1905555 042-35911609