Topic Phase

TRINITY
ADVANCED STAGE
GRADE 11
(C.E.F.R.: C1)
VARONA'S INSTITUTE, S.L. : C/ Párroco D. Emilio Franco, 53 - Tlf: 91 4789486 / Avda. Buenos Aires, 21 – TLF: 91 7788517
TRINITY ADVANCED STAGE
At Advanced Stage (Grades 10-12), the examination begins with a formal

presentation of a topic leading into a discussion of the presentation. The
candidate-controlled interaction is followed by a listening task, and the
examination ends with a conversation on two subject areas selected by the
examiner from one of the lists provided. Examinations at Advanced stage
have been mapped to the third common reference level (Independent User
to Proficiency User) in the Common Europpean Frmework of Reference
for Languages.
What advanced stage involves:
ADVANCED
Grades 10-12
25 minutes
Topic presentation
Topic discussion
Interactive task
Conversation
GRADE 11:
Candidate Profile:
At this stage the candidate can:
 understand the main points, arguments, inferences, changes in register and emphasis in extended,
complex and sometimes unstructured speech
 contribute and respond confidently and appropriately in interaction in all social and professional
contexts, on matters within their personal experience
 control the direction of the conversation and maintain its flow with ease, relating skilfully to the
contributions of the listener
 demonstrate full control of a wide range of language structures, vocabulary and functions
approaching that of a native speaker
 produce speech at word, sentence and discourse level which rarely deviates from an internationally
intelligible model.
Format:
The examination consists of the following:

 greetings and setting at ease
 presentation of a topic prepared by the candidate (up to 5 minutes)
 discussion of the topic presentation with the examiner (up to 5 minutes)
 interactive task (up to 5 minutes)
 listening task (3 minutes)
 conversation on two subject areas selected by the examiner (List A or B) (6 minutes)
 end of conversation and leave-taking.
Procedure
1.- After the initial greetings and introduction, the examiner invites the candidate to present his or her topic.
The candidate provides the examiner with a written outline of the topic in note form.
2.- The candidate gives a formal oral presentation of the prepared topic. The examiner makes notes on the
information content during the presentation. This phase lasts no more than five minutes.
3.- After bringing the presentation to an end, the candidate initiates the discussion of the topic presentation
by asking if the examiner has any questions about the talk. The development of the discussion will involve
the candidate in justifying, exemplifying and elaborating on facts, ideas and opinions, and debating the issues
raised in the talk. This phase lasts no more than five minutes.
4.- The interactive task phase is then introduced by the examiner who informs the candidate of what he or
she is required to do. The examiner provides an oral prompt to which the candidate has to respond by
questioning the examiner in order to find out more information and by making comments. Once the examiner
has set up the situation, the candidate takes full responsibility for maintaining the interaction. The phase lasts
no more than four minutes. If the candidate fails to initiate or to maintain the interaction, the phase will not
extend to the full four minutes and the candidate’s performance will not be rated highly.
5.- The examiner then introduces the listening task phase and informs the candidate of the requirements for
the two different task types. The examiner orally presents three short pieces of discourse. The candidate is
required to suggest possible endings for the first two texts, and to identify participants, contexts or settings
related to the third text. Only short responses from the candidate are required. This phase lasts no more than
three minutes.
6.- The examiner then initiates a conversation on two of the subject areas selected from one of the lists
provided. Centres should decide which list is most appropriate for their candidates and provide practice in
discussing the subject areas EITHER from List A OR from List B.This phase lasts no more than six
minutes.
7.- The examiner indicates the end of the conversation and examination.
Assessment
At each grade, the examiner assesses the candidate’s performance by selecting one of four levels of
performance and awards a letter grade A, B, C or D for Task fulfilment for the topic presentation, topic
discussion, the interactive task, the listening task and conversation phases. These levels can be classified as
follows:
A — Distinction
B — Merit
C — Pass
D — Fail
The combination of the five letter grades awarded for Task fulfilment i.e. one for topic presentation, topic
discussion, the interactive task, the listening task and conversation provides the overall level of
achievement. The examiner gives a provisional indication on the Report form as to whether the candidate has
passed or failed.
Please note the following:
Candidates who achieve three D band awards will not pass the examination overall irrespective of the
other two bands awarded. Hence final results of AADDD, ABDDD, ACDDD, BBDDD, BCDDD, CCDDD,
CDDDD and DDDDD in any order on the Report form, result in a fail overall.
TOPIC PHASE
CREATIVE ARTS
TOPIC PRESENTATION GUIDELINES:
 Before the examination, the candidate prepares a five-minute presentation of a topic of his
or her choice.
 The choice of subject matter or theme is left to the individual candidate but candidates are
advised to select their topics carefully. Actual knowledge is not being assessed in the
examination, but the talk should be informative and presented in such a way as to engage
and maintain the examiner’s interest.
 Adherence to the timing of this phase is very important and so candidates are strongly
advised to ensure that the presentation lasts up to but no longer than five minutes.
Presentations which extend beyond the time allocated will be stopped so as to ensure that all
other examination phases can proceed according to the stated requirements.
 As this is a formal presentation, the candidate is expected to produce brief notes in the form
of handouts for the examiner. These should be given to the examiner before the start of the
presentation. These notes will not be taken into account in the assessment of the phase as it
is the candidates’ oral skills which are being assessed and not their writing skills. The
candidate will have produced their own brief notes for personal use and to remind candidate
the main points of the Topic but these notes are a reminder not a script. These notes do not
have to be shown to the examiner.
 As the presentation is oral, the use of complete written scripts in the presentation is not
allowed.
 During the presentation, the examiner will make notes on points which he or she wishes to
raise in order to gain clarification or further information about the views and ideas
expressed. Candidates need to be reassured that the examiner is not collecting examples of
the candidate’s language for assessment purposes.
 The Topic is NOT something to be learned by heart. Of course, candidate must be familiar
with the TOPIC. You must prepare for the examiner's comments and questions by
anticipating what the examiner might say and be ready to give a reply. Candidate who
simply “recite” their topic will not do well in this section of the examination.
 Candidates should bring an item or illustration with them into the examination room. This
object provides a concrete link between the conversation and the topic itself.
 The presentation can be supported by technological aids (e.g. OHP/Powerpoint, posters,
cards, etc...). Examiners must be notified at the beginning of the examination session if such
aids are to be used. All such aids must be set up prior to the examination and be ready for
immediate use at the beginning of the examination. There is no time allowed for the setting
up or removal of such aids in the actual examination. Candidates who choose to use such
aids are advised to have back-up material in case of power or equipment failure.
 As with the written handouts, skill in the technical preparation and use of such aids will not
form part of the assessment.
Working Up a Topic
1.- Put a heading to the topic:
2.- Complete the spiderstorm with your own ideas:
3.- WRITE THE OUTLINE OF YOUR TOPIC:
TITLE _____________________________________________________
1.- _____________________________________________________
2.- _____________________________________________________
3.- _____________________________________________________
4.- _____________________________________________________
5.- _____________________________________________________
4.- GUIDE TO WRITING
a.- Choice of Topic:
Candidates are strongly discouraged from choosing a Topic which is the same as the “subject areas
for discussion” in the Conversation Phase. This is because this limits the range of subjects which
the examiner can talk about with the candidate in the Conversation Phase.
Make a list of possible topics. Ideas are all around us -the jobs we do, our hobbies, dreams, interest,
etc. You can even get ideas from the subject areas from previous grades such as: personal values
and ideals, the supernatural, environment, education, recycling, crime, the Internet, globalisation,
racism, deforestation, extreme sports, habits and obsessions, etc.
b.- Eliminating and Selecting Possible Topics:
By now you should have a long list of Topics or categories. For the examination you only need
ONE TOPIC. Any topic is acceptable if it is right for you! In other words it is something you enjoy
talking about, you know what you want to say about it and you feel very enthusiastic about it.
The examiner will sense your enthusiasm and ask you to explain points, give more details and
develop your ideas.
Consider the following questions for each Topic on your list to help you eliminate topics which you
do not want to work on:
1.- Is this Topic too complicated or too technical or too difficult for me?
2.- Am I really interested in this subject to make it interesting for myself and the examiner?
3.- Do I really know anything about it?
4.- Can I find out anything about this topic? Where?
5.- Have I talked or learnt before anything about this topic?
6.- Would I like to know more information about this topic?
c.- Working Title for the Topic:
This is simply a working title. You can improve your title later when you have worked on it some
more.
d.- Brainstorming:
You now have your Topic and a working title for it. Try and make it as interesting as possible for
you and the examiner. The best way to do this is to decide on an “angle”.
Your “angle” is the way you are going to deal with your Topic. Let's take a simple idea like
“EDUCATION”. We can generate a list of ideas associated with education:
 How education has changed in the last 100 years.

 My experience in education
 Who is involved in education
 Improvements should be done
 ________________________________.
 ________________________________.
 ________________________________.
e.- Researching Material for the Topic.
Some topics may need a little research or thought. Remember, the source does not need to be an
English publication, photos, statistics, drawings, diagrams, etc can came from any publication.
Articles, interviews, reports and so on will often come form local sources as the will reflect local
interest and culture.
This is how the Topic can become a communication and multi-skill task as reading (and thinking),
writing (taking notes, recording vocabulary, key structures to imitate, points to expand on), listening
(podcasts from the Internet, television, your teacher's comments) and of course speaking (practising
your topic with collegues and teachers).
Remember at this point: Have I got too little, too much or sufficient material to talk about my
Topic for the time established (5 m.)?
f.- Structure of your Topic:
1. Introduce the subject of the topic. What are you going to discuss?
2. State your opinion, presenting the side you are going to support. What are
the sides of your issue?
3. Present arguments in favour of the issue. Support your information with
specific details or the source where you read or knew about it. What are the
arguments in favour?
4. Present arguments against the issue. Support your arguments. What are the
arguments against?
5. Make a general balanced conclusion or state future actions that could be
taken.
g.- Questions to be asked at this point:
1.- What are you going to tell the examiner about?

2.- What object are you going to bring into the examination room to illustrate your topic?
3.- How is this object relevant to and related to your topic?
4.- What general things can you say about your topic?
5.- What details are you going to include?
6.- What examples are you going to give?
7.- do you need to explain anything to the examiner who often knows nothing about your subject
(technical/jargon words, rules...)
8.- At what point is it appropriate to give explanations or more details in your presentation?
9.- Are you sure you are not repeating the same information?
10.- At what point should you move on to the next point of your topic?
11.- Are you going to include your own and other people's opinions?
12.- The examiner is willing to become interested in any topic you present. Are you including
enough to make it interesting for the examiner? Are you saying things to keep the examiner
interested?
13.- Are you giving the examiner interesting material so that s/he can ask you interesting questions
later? (Discussion phase)
14.- Have you got enough things to say about your topic without “drying up” and expecting the
examiner to take over? If you “dry up” or “run out of steam”, you cannot expect the examiner to do
all the work to keep the conversation going.
15.- How are you going to finish your presentation? Will you quickly summarise what you have
said? Will you give a final opinion on your topic? Will you make a final statement about it?
16.- Have you anticipated some of the questions the examiner might ask? Have you thought about
your possible answers? (Many of the examiner's questions will be predictable. By practising with
your colleagues, classmates, teacher, you will have the opportunity to deal with similar questions
and comments from the examiner.
17.- Have you used some or many of the language items outlined on the Grade page? Remember,
the topic is the ideal opportunity to use them naturally in a context chosen by you.
18.- Have I written my topic in my own language for translation into English? If you write down
your topic in your own language for translation you will certainly produce a translation full of
mistakes. It will not sound natural.
h.- questions to the examiner:
You should also be prepared to ask the examiner questions about the topic area where appropriate.
COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS AND LANGUAGE PRODUCTION
TRINITY REQUIREMENTS: MY NOTES:

COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS :
• Give a formal presentation, discursive in nature, on a

chosen subject, with an identifiable structure, using
discourse connectors and cohesive devices and showing
controlled use of organizational patterns.
• Introduce the presentation, develop particular points,
expand and support points of view at some length with
subsidiary points, integrate sub-themes and conclude.
GRAMMAR
. Basic and more complex sentence structures should be
included.
LEXIS:
• Expressions used before challenging, e.g. That’s a good
point but…, Perhaps I didn’t explain my point clearly…
• Expressions for downplaying and softening, e.g. It’s quite
difficult, If I could just ask
• Signposting expressions, e.g. I’d like to begin with… , On
the other hand… , So to sum up…
• Language of caution, e.g. It tends to be, It seems as if
• Vague and imprecise language, e.g. a bit more, a hundred
people or so
PHONOLOGY
• The correct pronunciation of topic and subject area specific
vocabulary
• Various features of pronunciation which only occasionally
deviate from an internationally intelligible model.
• A range of stress and intonation patterns, pitch and volume
to convey subtle shifts in meaning and attitude.
SPECIALIST TERMS/JARGON WORDS
SAMPLE TOPIC:
TOPIC PRESENTATION MATERIAL:
TOPIC DISCUSSION GUIDELINES:
When preparing the topic, the candidate should try to anticipate the contributions of the examiner
and think of ways of developing the topic beyond the limitations of the formal presentation. The
interaction is intended to be an authentic discussion with both parties having equal responsibility for
maintaining the flow. There should be a real exchange of ideas and opinions with the candidate
being able to challenge the examiner on his or her opinions. The candidate must be ready to justify,
exemplify and elaborate on the ideas and opinions given in the presentation.
The discussion is intended to be about the actual presentation rather than on the theme of the topic.
The candidate is expected to be pro-active in the discussion and not simply to respond to the
contributions of the examiner.
A candidate who fails to prepare a topic cannot be assessed for Task fulfilment for the above two
phases.
The phases will be voided and this will result in a fail being awarded for the examination as a
whole.
PREDICTABLE EXAMINER'S QUESTIONS PREDICTABLE CANDIDATE'S ANSWERS
-What would you have done if you hadn't been a - Well, I haven't the faintest idea. I have always
teacher? desired to be a teacher. However, I wouldn't
mind having been a sociologist.
PREPARED STUDENT'S QUESTIONS PREPARED STUDENT'S ANSWERS
- Don't you think that it is decisive in someone's - Yes, in fact it is.

life to choose properly their studies?
USEFUL TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES
A.- WRITING A TOPIC:

Introducing the topic
4 Añadir información
First of all, I would like to say that …
The first point I would like to make is … Apart from this/that Aparte de esto/eso
In addition to Además de
I would like to begin by …
What’s more Además; lo que es más
Many people think that … Moreover Además
Some people say/claim … On topo f that Además
Why do some people believe … ? Besides Además
On the one hand Por una parte
1 Construir un argumento On the other hand Por otra parte
a) Primer párrafo 5 Dar ejemplos
In the first place En primer lugar
First of all Antes que nada For example Por ejemplo
To start with Para empezar For instance Por ejemplo
At first sight A primera vista On the whole En general
To sum up Para resumir
b) Segundo párrafo
Secondly En segundo lugar 6 Expresar algo de otro modo
In the second place En segundo lugar
That is (to say) Es decir
c) Tercer párrafo In other words En otras palabras
Finally Por último In short En resumen
Lastly Por último
In conclusión Para concluir 7 Establecer un contraste
2 Expresar realidades However Sin embargo
Novertheless No obstante
As a matter of fact. De hecho On the contrary Por el contrario
In fact De hecho Instead En cambio
Actually En realidad Whereas Mientras que
Really En realidad
8 Modificar lo que se está diciendo
3 Explicar causas y resultados
To a certain extent Hasta cierto punto
Because of this/that A causa de esto/ eso More or less Mas o menos
For this/that reason Por esta/esa razón At least Al menos
Therefore Por lo tanto Especially Especialmente
As a result Como resultado In particular En particular
Consequently En consecuencia
Above all Sobre todo
On the whole En general 11 Otros
In general En general
Basically Básicamente And so on Etcétera
Essentially Esencialmente By the way A Propósito
To be honest A decir verdad
9 Expresar una opinión personal To tell the truth A decir verdad
In my opinion En mi opinión 12 Marcadores de tiempo

In my view En mi opinion
From my point of view Desde mi punto de vista First of all Primero
Personally Personalmente Next/Then Luego
As far as I’m concerned Por lo que a mi respecta After that Después
While Mientras
10 Resumir lo que se ha dicho In the meantime Mientras tanto
All of sudden De repente
In all En total Finally Finalmente
In a nutshell En resumidas cuentas In the end Al final
In short En resumen Such as Tal(es) como
In conclusion Para concluir
As a conclusion I must say that.....
B.- DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT IN YOUR TOPIC
Explaining by giving an example
Esperanto has no irregularities. For instance it has no irregular verbs.

For example Esperanto has the same suffix for all verbs.
If I can give an example all verbs in the present end in Esperanto with –as.
Giving real/true/surprising information
Esperanto is very easy to learn. In fact, you can master it in a year.

As a matter of fact you don’t have to learn a lot of words in Esperanto.
Actually you can build your own words in Esperanto.
Adding another, different idea.
Besides in Esperanto the order of the words is nearly free.

Esperanto sounds nice. What’s more, it easy to pronounce.
In addition to that Esperanto has no differences between speaking and writing.
Making a contrast.
All the same Esperanto is not well know.

Even so I like to learn Esperanto.
Esperanto is easy to learn. However, only about one million people can speak it. Esperanto is for everyone a foreign
language. In spite of this people in different countries learn it.
Summarising
To put it simply – Esperanto is simple.

In short – Learning Esperanto is quick and easy.
Esperanto has only 16 grammar rules and a cleverly word formation system. In a word, you can learn it fast.
Defining more exactly.
At any rate Esperanto is a nice hobby for people who are interested in languages.
At least Esperanto is an auxiliary language, not an international language.
Talking generally
On the whole Esperanto is good for communication between people of different languages.
As a rule Esperanto is not taught in normal schools.
In general most people ignore Esperanto.
Giving a result/consequence.
Esperanto is not based on the influence of a country therefore Esperanto can’t be spread out easily.
As a result Esperanto is not an alternative to English.
So you can’t use it as an international language today.
Only few people speak Esperanto. Because of this you can use Esperanto only as a hobby.
C.- FUNCTIONS FOR GENERAL checking it's understood:
CONVERSATION
- OK? / Got it? / Any questions?
Say what you like /dislike
Describe important architecture
I'd always admired her work. use superlatives:
I'm really into her work.
I'm a big fan of his stuff. - The Great Pyramid is arguably / probably the
He's one of my all- time favourites. most........
It's not my (kind of) thing at all. - It is one of Australia's best known / most
It's really not my taste. photographed .....
It's not my cup of tea. - It is though to be..
I can't relate to this type of thing. - It is the largest..../ tallest...
Explain procedures use fronting for dramatic effect
prefacing with a general statement: - Opening on ....(December 1999)

- Built to house ... (the body of a Pharaon)
It can be a bit tricky at first - Fondly known as the "...."
It's pretty straightforward
It's really easy provide details (size, description, etc. )
It's a piece of cake
- It is built from metal / stones...
sequencing: - the base is....
- occupying / covering an area of more than ....
- Firstly..... metres squared
- The first think you've got to do is... - it is over 1km round, and 50m high
- Then/ Secondly, ....../ The next step is to - it covers of ground floor space
+infinitive...... - standing 134m high / above
- Once you do this.....
- Finally, .... describe reason for building / purpose:
addressing the listener: It was built:

- You do this.../ Do this... to celebrate the aniversary …
- One does this (usually written English) / as a memorial for.....
/ in order to../ in honor of
conditions/ what can go wrong: - built to house.../ as office space
- without doing this, it won't work

- if it doesn't work, you should...
Express priorities It was very tough.
It exceeded my expectations.
saying it's very important: We felt we'd accomplished something.
It was a fantastic learning experience.
my main priority is .... I've learnt a lot.
the essential thing for me is... I'm planning to ....
this is absolutely vital!
I couldn't do without... Say how much you know / don't know
saying it's not important: I know:

I'm pretty sure
I'm not really bothered / concerned about this. I know it like the back of my hand
This isn't a major priority. I know it by heart
I could do without.. I know it inside out
I'm fairly positive
Describe people I'm certain
first impressions: I don't know:
She comes across as ... (adjective- self- I haven't a clue

sufficient).. I don't know off the top of my head
but once you get to know her, she's ...(adjective- I never heard of him
kind- hearted) I don't know offhand
The thing that strikes you about him /her is I know next to nothing
that ..... I haven't the faintest idea
character- good thing and bad things: Checking you understand
The thing that I (don't) like about her is that ...... I’m not quite sure what we have to do first.
What I (don't) really like about her is ..... So you want me to…?
He's so... (adjective) Sorry, do you mean we have to…?
He's such a (+adjective) man/person
He can be a bit ....(+negative adjective- ignorant) Correcting yourself
What I meant was… .
Talk about an achievement Sorry, I meant to say… .
I mean… .
I've always...
I'd never done... Expressing likes, dislikes and preferences
We decided to organise...
We set up... I would like… but… .
I didn't know what to expect. I wouldn’t mind … but on the other hand … .
The whole thing was quite a challenge. Although … I’d like … because … .
I think I’d prefer … as … . Yes, that’s true …
I’m not really very interested in … .
If I had to choose … . Strong agreement
I prefer … .
I think I would say … . That’s what I also think….
To be honest, I haven’t thought much about it. So I do / neither do I
I agree (with you) …
Interrupting I couldn’t …… ……..
Can I just say … ‘ Disagreement

Sorry to interrupt, but … .
I agree up to a point, ….
Paraphrasing Yes, but what about …..?
Do you …… ……..?
It’s something you need when … . But don’t you agree that …?
It’s when you … . Actually, I think it’s …… ……... ……
Your use it to … .
It’s like a … . Adding an opinion
It’s a … where/that/who … you (+ verb).
It’s a kind of … . Apart from that …
And there’s another thing …
Speculating Not only that …
Actually …
It could be/could have been … . So far …
It can’t be/can’t have been … .
It might be/might have been … . When we don’t know about the topic
It must have/must have had … .
I get the impression that … . To be honest, I haven’t thought much about it but
…
Giving opinions
Advantages
For me, one of the most important….. is ……
I just think that what matters is ……. In the first place …
The most important factor for me is …. The main advantage is that you are free to …
Personally, I would say that… There is no one else to …
I’m not really very interested in … Then there is …
It’s very hard to say, but … What’s more …
If I had to choose …, I would ..... Another advantage is that …
I (don’t) think …
In my opinion …
Yes, absolutely …
I’m sorry, but I don’t agree…
Disadvantages Linking expressions
On the other hand … In addition,

Secondly, … In fact,
Another disadvantage is … In other words,
Last but not least, … For instance,
That is to say,
Summarising Moreover
For example,
In conclusion (I believe that) … Similarly
To sum up, there are arguments … Besides,
However, in my view … Nevertheless
What’s more
Because of this
Even so,
On the other hand

Topic Phase

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TRINITY

At Advanced Stage (Grades 10-12), the examination begins with a formal

What advanced stage involves:

At this stage the candidate can:

The examination consists of the following:

Please note the following:

2.- Complete the spiderstorm with your own ideas:

3.- WRITE THE OUTLINE OF YOUR TOPIC:

a.- Choice of Topic:

b.- Eliminating and Selecting Possible Topics:

c.- Working Title for the Topic:

 How education has changed in the last 100 years.

e.- Researching Material for the Topic.

f.- Structure of your Topic:

1.- What are you going to tell the examiner about?

h.- questions to the examiner:

TRINITY REQUIREMENTS: MY NOTES:

• Give a formal presentation, discursive in nature, on a

PREDICTABLE EXAMINER'S QUESTIONS PREDICTABLE CANDIDATE'S ANSWERS

PREPARED STUDENT'S QUESTIONS PREPARED STUDENT'S ANSWERS

- Don't you think that it is decisive in someone's - Yes, in fact it is.

A.- WRITING A TOPIC:

In my opinion En mi opinión 12 Marcadores de tiempo

Explaining by giving an example

Esperanto has no irregularities. For instance it has no irregular verbs.

Giving real/true/surprising information

Esperanto is very easy to learn. In fact, you can master it in a year.

Adding another, different idea.

Besides in Esperanto the order of the words is nearly free.

All the same Esperanto is not well know.

To put it simply – Esperanto is simple.

Defining more exactly.

prefacing with a general statement: - Opening on ....(December 1999)

addressing the listener: It was built:

- without doing this, it won't work

saying it's not important: I know:

first impressions: I don't know:

She comes across as ... (adjective- self- I haven't a clue

character- good thing and bad things: Checking you understand

Can I just say … ‘ Disagreement

On the other hand … In addition,

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