Title: Mastering the Challenge of Writing a Smoking Cessation Literature Review

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discrepancies, and gaps in the existing research, and providing meaningful insights and
interpretations.

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Table 2 shows the results of the Delphi procedure. 3.7. Recommendations for Healthcare Practice -
Expert Assessment The literature study also revealed areas in which suf- ficient knowledge is
available, but not put into practice. It is based on behavioral modification models and the shared
view that healthcare professionals play an important role in supporting individuals’ attempts to stop
smoking. Evidence shows that the GP can play a powerful role in assisting smokers to quit. As stated
before, the success rate of attempts to stop smoking var- ies between 4% and 20%, and it takes most
smokers several attempts before they completely stop smoking. Attitudes, gedrag en eigen
effectiviteit van huisartsen, longartsen en car diologen. Healthcare professionals who already are
involved in smoking cessation support experience various obstacles. As outlined earlier, this
publication focuses on the role of healthcare professionals, and therefore other solutions to reduce
smoking were not given a great amount of attention. These recommendations were prioritized using
a Delphi procedure. In the smoking cessation cycl e, presented in figure 1, three phases seem to be es
sential in the success of an attempt to stop. General practitioners and medical assistants, dentists,
cardiologists, pulmonary physicians, general and pul- monary nurses, and physician s specialized in
dealing with additive behavior, can play a role in supporting pa- tients attempting to give up
smoking. This may be a consequence of either lack of knowledge about effective ways to reduce
smoking, or failing treatment of tobacco addiction in healthcare. How many smokers are currently
seeing healthcare professionals ? Q 7. This stabilization may be a consequence of either lack of
knowledge about effective ways to reduce smoking, or failed treatment of tobacco addiction. Most
healthcare professionals recognise the importance of advising patients to stop smoking, but
experience certain barriers to actually do this. System- atically giving patients brief advice on
stopping is a small yet effective measure that results in 3-4% more smokers successfully stopping.
Future research is needed to find ways to overcome these obstacles, for instance by investigat- ing
the effect of adequate funding for smoking cessation support. First, it is important that smokers turn
to a healthcare professional to obtain support in stopping smoking. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce
tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in the Netherlands and many other developed countries
has remained stable for years. The subject is too wide-ranging for a systematic review and it would
not be possible to determine what knowl- edge is lacking using such a method. This study explored
gaps in the current under- standing of smoking cessation and the chal- lenges facing tobacco
addiction management in order to formulate recommendations for future research and healthcare
practice. The experts confirmed the following recommendations for healthcare practice: first, both
smokers and health- care professionals need to fully recognize that smoking is an addiction, which
means that stopping can be very challenging. INTRODUCTION Today almost everyone in the world
is aware of the adverse health consequences of smoking, and studies of ways to reduce smoking are
numerous. Consultation with a healthcare professional to stop smoking Q 5. How can the influence
of a person’s environment be better utilized. Each member of the core team was given a list with all
of the recommendations for follow-up research ap- pearing in the review. What challenges do people
who attempt to stop smoking face ? Q 17. The available data on methods to prevent relapses from
occurring is limited and inconclusive, and therefore fur- ther study needs to be done on this topic.
3.6. Recommendations for Follow-Up Research - Delphi Procedure Based on the literature study,
various recommenda- tions for follow-up research were formulated. A narrative review was written
to determine areas in which more research is needed as well as areas in which sufficient knowledge
is already available. Clearly, receiving assistance from healthcare prof essionals can help more people
stop smoking successfully. Then after you have had that discussion, assess their willingness to quit.
How is a person influenced by his or her environment ? Q 3. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce
tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in the Netherlands and many other developed countries
has remained stable for years. Why aren’t healthcare professionals evaluating their policies and their
results more and how can this situation be improved. Why is it important to evaluate the smoking
cessation policy and its results ? Q 19. Many cardiologists and pulmonary physicians feel it is impor-
tant to recommend stopping smoking, but consider pro- viding support for attempts to do so more of
a task for the general practitioner. Each member of the core team was given a list with all of the
recommendations for follow-up research ap- pearing in the review. It is not known to what extent
they actually refer their smoking patients to a general practitioner. It is largely unclear how structural
care for smokers can be embedded in the Du tch healthcare system. The available data on methods to
prevent relapses from occurring is limited and inconclusive, and therefore fur- ther study needs to be
done on this topic. 3.6. Recommendations for Follow-Up Research - Delphi Procedure Based on the
literature study, various recommenda- tions for follow-up research were formulated. This study is
based on the view that healthcare profes- sionals play an essential role in supporting individuals who
are trying to stop smoking. This is worrying for many rea- sons including the fact that smokers are
dependent on a physician for many pharmacol ogical resources. Consultation with a healthcare
professional to stop smoking Q 5. Informa- tion was gathered from the “Tobacco Addiction” topic in
the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, publica- tions from STIVORO and the Dutch
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), as well as from the personal
archives of the core team members. Evidence shows that the GP can play a powerful role in assisting
smokers to quit. Why is support from a healthcare professional important ? Q 13. First, it is
important that smokers turn to a healthcare professional to obtain support in stopping smoking. Ask
the patient if they smoke, what they smoke, how much, how long, etc. How can we increase the
percentage of people who attempt to stop smoking receiving support. This stabilization may be a
consequence of either lack of knowledge about effective ways to reduce smoking, or failed treatment
of tobacco addiction. It is not possible to simply state what the best smoking cessation intervention
is, since individual factors such as motivation, self-confidence, degree of addiction, age, and
socioeconomic status all influence attempts to stop smoking. Received 30 August 2010; revised 9
September 2010; accepted 16 September 2010. Pulmonary physicians and cardi- ologists most often
see patients with medical problems resulting from smoking. Most healthcare professionals recognise
the importance of advising patients to stop smoking, but experience certain barriers to actually do
this. Keywords: Tobacco Addiction; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Cessation Interventions;
Healthcare Practice; Tobacco Control 1. General practitioners and medical assistants, dentists,
cardiologists, pulmonary physicians, general and pul- monary nurses, and physician s specialized in
dealing with additive behavior, can play a role in supporting pa- tients attempting to give up
smoking. Attitudes, behaviour an self-efficacy of general practitioners, lung ph y sicians and
cardiologists. The subject is too wide-ranging for a systematic review and it would not be possible to
determine what knowl- edge is lacking using such a method. Knowledge and perceived effectiveness
of cessa- tion assistance as predictors of cessation behavior. How effective are the various smoking
cessation methods and which one is the best ? Q 10. How can we increase the percentage of people
who have st opped smoking managing to persist in their own environments.
Moreover, smo- king threatens to increase the health disparity among socioeconomic classes since a
greater number of smok-. This has resulted in two recommendations for healthcare practice, each
confirmed by the experts from the MIRO core team. The authors feel strongly that the greatest
short-term gains in discouraging tobacco use can be made through healthcare professionals. How can
we increase the percentage of people who attempt to stop smoking receiving support. From that, a
top-15 list of recommendations was com- piled. MIRO is a care optimization program in which
smoking cessation experts in the Netherlands work together. Increasing knowledge about genetic
disposi- tion to smoking addiction may make it easier to choose individualized treatment in the
future. 3.3. Opportunities for Healthcare Professionals If a healthcare professional advises a smoker
to stop, this carries more weight than when such advice comes. Recommendations for future research
were prioritised using a Delphi-procedure. Most healthcare professionals recognise the importance of
advising patients to stop smoking, but experience certain barriers to actually do this. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. How can we increase the percentage of people who have st opped smoking managing
to persist in their own environments. Why is support from a healthcare professional important ? Q
13. Attitudes, gedrag en eigen effectiviteit van huisartsen, longartsen en cardi ologen. What are
healthcare professionals currently doing ? Q 11. General practitioners are the least convinced that
smo- king is an addiction that requires the help of healthcare professionals, compared to
cardiologists, pulmonary phy- sicians, pulmonary nurses, and medical assistants. In the smoking
cessation cycl e, presented in figure 1, three phases seem to be es sential in the success of an attempt
to stop. Pulmonary physicians and cardi- ologists most often see patients with medical problems
resulting from smoking. Transitions in smo- king status in a national population. For many, treat- ing
smoking addiction is not a top priority, possibly due to a lack of adequate funding. 3.5. Relapse
Overcoming a tobacco addiction is typically accom- panied by physical and psychological
withdrawal symp- toms that increase the likelihood of a relapse. However, many peo- ple, including
smokers and healthcare professionals, still regard it as merely a bad habit. Smoking is not widely
acknowledged as an addiction and a relatively small number of smokers ask help from a healthcare
professional when trying to stop smoking. Attitudes, behaviour an self-effi- cacy of general
practitioners, lung physicians and cardi- ologists. Openly accessible at 2.5. Recommendations for
Healthcare Practice: Expert Assessment Recommendations for healthcare practice were formu- lated
for areas in which adequate knowledge was avail- able, and the experts in the MIRO core team
subse- quently checked these. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking
prevalence in the Netherlands and many other developed countries has remained stable for years.
Many cardiologists and pulmonary physicians feel it is impor- tant to recommend stopping smoking,
but consider pro- viding support for attempts to do so more of a task for the general practitioner. This
trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of an intervention (Call it Quits) developed to promote
smoking cessation and delivered by community social service case-workers. Since the focus of
MIRO centres on tobacco addiction management, smoking prevention (pri- mary prevention) is
outside the scope of this study. 2. METHODS A systematic approach according to systematic review
guidelines would not be the best method to discover gaps in the scientific understanding of smoking
cessation. It is not known to what extent they actually refer their smoking patients to a general
practitioner. Consultation with a healthcare professional to stop smoking Q 5. Second, care for
smokers should be structurally embedded in the health-.
The experts confirmed the following recommendations for healthcare practice: first, both smokers
and health- care professionals need to fully recognize that smoking is an addiction, which means that
stopping can be very challenging. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. How is
a person influenced by his or her environment ? Q 3. The authors feel strongly that the greatest short-
term gains in discouraging tobacco use can be made through healthcare professionals. Moreover,
smo- king threatens to increase the health disparity among socioeconomic classes since a greater
number of smok-. This may seem like a small thing, but if you effectively do this with patients you
will have a good yield over time. Speed refers to how quickly the recommen- dation will lead to
relevant results (more successful smo- king cessation attempts). It is not known to what extent they
actually refer their smoking patients to a general practitioner. From that, a top-15 list of
recommendations was com- piled. After all, every person who wants to stop smoking has a right to
the most appropriate, customized treatment for his or her addiction. 5. CONCLUSIONS Overall,
healthcare professiona ls need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and should be
treat- ed likewise. Attitudes, gedrag en eigen effectiviteit van huisartsen, longartsen en car diologen.
Healthcare professionals who already are involved in smoking cessation support experience various
obstacles. What challenges do people who attempt to stop smoking face ? Q 17. Each member of the
core team was given a list with all of the recommendations for follow-up research ap- pearing in the
review. Of the 618 eligible individuals, 300 were randomised to the intervention group, of whom
187 (62%) consented and 318 were randomised to the control group, of whom 244 (77%) consented,
resulting in 431 participants. During the first round of the Del- phi procedure, each core team
member individually produced his or her own top-10 list of recommendations. The Smoking
cessation guidelines for Australian general practice were developed by GPs and smoking cessation
experts. Research questions were created for each phase in the cycle and are listed in Table 1. 2.2.
Literature Study The research questions were subsequently used to identify what determines the
success or failure of an attempt to stop smoking at a specific juncture, what we already know about
this from both Dutch and interna- tional literature, and what we have yet to learn. Recommendations
for future research were prioritised using a Delphi-procedure. This has resulted in two
recommendations for healthcare practice, each confirmed by the experts from the MIRO core team.
Patients attempting to stop smoking should be well prepared and realize that it is possible they may
have a relapse. Table 2 shows the results of the Delphi procedure. 3.7. Recommendations for
Healthcare Practice - Expert Assessment The literature study also revealed areas in which suf- ficient
knowledge is available, but not put into practice. After complet- ing this process, a consensus was
reached on the narra- tive review. 2.4. Recommendations for Follow-Up Research: Delphi Procedure
The realization that certain information was lacking resulted in recommendations for follow-up
research. In 2006, only 5% of those trying to stop in the Netherlands sought assistance, in
comparison to the European average of 18%. Why is it important to evaluate the smoking cessation
policy and its results ? Q 19. Many cardiologists and pulmonary physicians feel it is impor- tant to
recommend stopping smoking, but consider pro- viding support for attempts to do so more of a task
for the general practitioner. What are the effects of interventions carried out by people from the
smoker’s environment ? Q 4. Recom- mendations for healthcare practice were con- firmed by
expert’s assessment. ABSTRACT Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smo- king, the smoking
prevalence in many countries has remained stable for years. What are healthcare professionals
currently doing ? Q 20.
Why is it important to create a smoker’s profile ? Q 9. Openly accessible at 1276 from an individual
not working in healthcare. Most healthcare professionals recognise the importance of advising
patients to stop smoking, but experience certain barriers to actually do this. No less than 41% of
individuals attempting to stop in England sought help. Attitudes, behaviour an self-effi- cacy of
general practitioners, lung physicians and cardi- ologists. Clearly, receiving assistance from
healthcare prof essionals can help more people stop smoking successfully. Overall, healthcare
profession- als need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and should be treated
likewise. Pulmonary physicians and cardi- ologists most often see patients with medical problems
resulting from smoking. Many cardiologists and pulmonary physicians feel it is impor- tant to
recommend stopping smoking, but consider pro- viding support for attempts to do so more of a task
for the general practitioner. What are the effects of interventions carried out by people from the
smoker’s environment ? Q 4. Future research is needed to find ways to overcome these obstacles, for
instance by investigat- ing the effect of adequate funding for smoking cessation support. Why is it
important to evaluate the smoking cessation policy and its results ? Q 19. You can download the
paper by clicking the button above. Importance relates to its overall importance to society, and imp
act refers to what effect it will have on an individual level. If all healthcare professionals
systematically ad- vise their patients to give up smoking, eventu- ally more smokers will successfully
stop smo- king. Transitions in smo- king status in a national population. All of these interventions
appear to be cost-effective; initial investments in smoking cessation support will in the long term
reduce the total costs of smoking-related illnesses. Patients attempting to stop smoking should be
well prepared and realize that it is possible they may have a relapse. Consultation with a healthcare
professional to stop smoking Q 5. Second, care for smokers should be structurally embedded in the
health-. How can the influence of a person’s environment be better utilized. Why is support from a
healthcare professional important ? Q 13. If patients seem interested, assist them in creating a patient-
specific plan with pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic assistance, and arrange for follow-up.
Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in the Netherlands and
many other developed countries has remained stable for years. Attitudes, gedrag en eigen
effectiviteit van huisartsen, longartsen en car diologen. Attitudes, behaviour an self-efficacy of
general practitioners, lung physicians and cardiologists. This reinforces the idea that smokers do not
actually need help when trying to stop. This may seem like a small thing, but if you effectively do
this with patients you will have a good yield over time. INTRODUCTION Today almost everyone in
the world is aware of the adverse health consequences of smoking, and studies of ways to reduce
smoking are numerous.
Adult smokers requiring financial assistance were randomly assigned to the five-session Call it Quits
intervention or usual care control group. It is based on behavioral modification models and the shared
view that healthcare professionals play an important role in supporting individuals’ attempts to stop
smoking. Be- havioral interventions that have proven to be effective in smoking cessation attempts,
when compared to attempts without any support are: brief advice on stopping smok- ing, telephone
support, individual support, and group the- rapy. Call it Quits was a pragmatic, parallel randomised
trial of a case-worker delivered smoking cessation intervention conducted in a non-government
community social service organisation in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Why is it important to
evaluate the smoking cessation policy and its results ? Q 19. If patients seem interested, assist them
in creating a patient-specific plan with pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic assistance, and
arrange for follow-up. The authors feel strongly that the greatest short-term gains in discouraging
tobacco use can be made through healthcare professionals. How effective are the various smoking
cessation methods and which one is the best ? Q 10. The fact that smoking is an addictive disease
needs to be recognized by both smokers an d healthcare professionals. INTRODUCTION Today
almost everyone in the world is aware of the adverse health consequences of smoking, and studies of
ways to reduce smoking are numerous. It is largely unclear how structural care for smokers can be
embedded in the Du tch healthcare system. Pulmonary physicians and cardi- ologists most often see
patients with medical problems resulting from smoking. Why aren’t healthcare professionals
evaluating their policies and their results more and how can this situation be improved. In 2006, only
5% of those trying to stop in the Netherlands sought assistance, in comparison to the European
average of 18%. Ask the patient if they smoke, what they smoke, how much, how long, etc. The
Smoking cessation guidelines for Australian general practice were developed by GPs and smoking
cessation experts. After complet- ing this process, a consensus was reached on the narra- tive review.
2.4. Recommendations for Follow-Up Research: Delphi Procedure The realization that certain
information was lacking resulted in recommendations for follow-up research. This website was made
to assist in clinical knowledge recall and to supplement and support clinician judgement. How many
smokers are currently seeing healthcare professionals ? Q 7. How can we increase the percentage of
people who have st opped smoking managing to persist in their own environments. ABSTRACT
Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smo- king, the smoking prevalence in many countries has
remained stable for years. Increasing knowledge about genetic disposi- tion to smoking addiction
may make it easier to choose individualized treatment in the future. 3.3. Opportunities for Healthcare
Professionals If a healthcare professional advises a smoker to stop, this carries more weight than
when such advice comes. Importance relates to its overall importance to society, and imp act refers
to what effect it will have on an individual level. Table 2 shows the results of the Delphi procedure.
3.7. Recommendations for Healthcare Practice - Expert Assessment The literature study also
revealed areas in which suf- ficient knowledge is available, but not put into practice. This reinforces
the idea that smokers do not actually need help when trying to stop. Despite ongoing efforts to
reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in the Netherlands and many other developed
countries has remained stable for years. If patients do smoke, advise them about the harmful effects
of smoking and the benefits of quitting. Since the focus of MIRO centres on tobacco addiction
management, smoking prevention (pri- mary prevention) is outside the scope of this study. 2.
METHODS A systematic approach according to systematic review guidelines would not be the best
method to discover gaps in the scientific understanding of smoking cessation. Of the 618 eligible
individuals, 300 were randomised to the intervention group, of whom 187 (62%) consented and 318
were randomised to the control group, of whom 244 (77%) consented, resulting in 431 participants.
The experts confirmed the following recommendations for healthcare practice: first, both smokers
and health- care professionals need to fully recognize that smoking is an addiction, which means that
stopping can be very challenging.
Most healthcare professionals recognise the importance of advising patients to stop smoking, but
experience certain barriers to actually do this. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Then after you have had that
discussion, assess their willingness to quit. This is worrying for many rea- sons including the fact that
smokers are dependent on a physician for many pharmacol ogical resources. How effective are the
various smoking cessation methods and which one is the best ? Q 10. As stated before, the success
rate of attempts to stop smoking var- ies between 4% and 20%, and it takes most smokers several
attempts before they completely stop smoking. What are the effects of interventions carried out by
people from the smoker’s environment ? Q 4. What challenges do people who attempt to stop
smoking face ? Q 17. How can we increase the percentage of people who attempt to stop smoking
receiving support. How is a person influenced by his or her environment ? Q 3. Keywords: Tobacco
Addiction; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Cessation Interventions; Healthcare Practice; Tobacco
Control 1. Increasing knowledge about genetic disposi- tion to smoking addiction may make it easier
to choose individualized treatment in the future. 3.3. Opportunities for Healthcare Professionals If a
healthcare professional advises a smoker to stop, this carries more weight than when such advice
comes. Whe n interpreting the recommendations above, the reader should take into consideration the
limitations of this study. Pulmonary physicians and cardi- ologists most often see patients with
medical problems resulting from smoking. After all, every person who wants to stop smoking has a
right to the most appropriate, customized treatment for his or her addiction. 5. CONCLUSIONS
Overall, healthcare professiona ls need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and
should be treat- ed likewise. It is not known to what extent they actually refer their smoking patients
to a general practitioner. The fact that smoking is an addictive disease needs to be recognized by
both smokers an d healthcare professionals. This study is based on the view that healthcare profes-
sionals play an essential role in supporting individuals who are trying to stop smoking. Why is it
important for a smoker to see a healthcare professional ? Q 6. Knowledge and perceived
effectiveness of cessa- tion assistance as predictors of cessation behavior. Overall, healthcare
profession- als need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and should be treated
likewise. The available data on methods to prevent relapses from occurring is limited and
inconclusive, and therefore fur- ther study needs to be done on this topic. 3.6. Recommendations for
Follow-Up Research - Delphi Procedure Based on the literature study, various recommenda- tions for
follow-up research were formulated. Each of the twelve core team members then judged these
recommendations based on three dimen-. This has resulted in two recommendations for healthcare
practice, each confirmed by the experts from the MIRO core team. From that, a top-15 list of
recommendations was com- piled. Openly accessible at 2.5. Recommendations for Healthcare
Practice: Expert Assessment Recommendations for healthcare practice were formu- lated for areas in
which adequate knowledge was avail- able, and the experts in the MIRO core team subse- quently
checked these. However, many peo- ple, including smokers and healthcare professionals, still regard
it as merely a bad habit. The MIRO core team is focused on promoting collaboration between all
parties involved in tackling tobacco addic- tion in the Netherlands (with the exception of the first
author mentioned, all of the other authors who contrib- uted to this article are members of the MIRO
core team). Preventive Health Services See Full PDF Download PDF About Press Blog People
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