Frequency Wavelength Uses Stopping takeoff – before commencement: ATC:

VLF 3Khz – 30Khz 100km – 10km “Cancel”

LF 30Khz – 300Khz 10km – 1km NDB Stopping takeoff – after commencement: ATC: “Stop
MF 300Khz – 3Mhz 1km – 100m NDB Immediately” REPEATED x2
HF 3Mhz – 30Mhz 100m – 10m HF Radio Readback “STOPPING”
VHF 30Mhz – 300Mhz 10m – 1m VDF, VOR,
ILS Position Report:
UH 300Mhz – 3Ghz 1m – 10cm ILS GS, DME, 1. Aircraft ID
F Survel Radar 2. Position
SHF 3Ghz – 30Ghz 10cm – 1cm MLS, Radar, 3. Time
RA 4. FL or Altitude and QNH
EHF 30Ghz – 300Ghz 1cm – 1mm Aerodrome
5. Next position and time
Radar
6. Ensuing significant point
NM = 1.23 x (√H1 + √H2 ) (H=height in ft AMSL)
(4,5,6 CAN BE OMITED)
108-118mHz = VOR/ILS
118-137mHz = Voice
ATIS – Updated every 30 minutes or on significant
SAFETYCOM = 135.475 mHz
change:
- Surface wind change of 60 degrees // 10 knots
Use even rate of speech Apx 100 words / min
- Gust change of 10 knots on at least a 15 knot wind
If no response wait 10 seconds
- Freezing precipitation
Readability scale
- Mod/Heavy precipitation
1 = Unreadable
- Thunderstorm
2 = Readable now and again
- Freezing fog
3 = Readable with difficulty
- Cloud under 1500ft changing from broken/overcast
4 = Readable
5 = Perfectly Readable
Runway state
Dry Dry
To From Class Accuracy
Damp Change of colour
Magnetic QDM QDR A +/- 2o
Wet Soaked but no standing water
True QUJ QTE B +/- 5o
Water patches Significant patches of standing water
C +/- 10o
Flooded Extensive standing water
D >10o
Braking Co-Efficient
Required Readback
>0.4 Good 5
Taxi Instructions, Runway instructions, Heading,
0.39-0.36 Medium/Good 4
Clearances, Level changes, speed changes,
transponder information and mode, Altimeter, 0.35-0.30 Medium 3
Transition level, Frequencies, Type of service, 0.29-0.26 Medium/Poor 2
VDF information >0.25 Poor 1

Aircraft call signs Air reports – Made at each reporting point or hourly
Aircraft registration -> G-ABCD -> Abbreviated to G-CD Position
*After ATC has abbreviated Operational – ETA and Endurance
Operator + last 4 digit of the registration -> Speedbird Met – Temp, wind, turbulence and icing
ABCD -> abbreviated to Speedbird CD
Aircraft type + last 4 digits of registration -> Cessna Special Air Report – made for any severe weather:
ABCD -> abbreviated to Cessna CD - Aircraft ID
Operator + Flight number -> Speedbird 1234 -> NO - Position
ABBREVIATION - Time
If the aircraft MTOM is 136,000kg or more, “Heavy” is - FL/ALT
added to the callsign - Met Information
(On initial contact)
Special Air Report to be made:
Only ATC can initiate the change of a callsign in flight - DEFINITE STRAIN ON SEATBELTS = MODERATE/SEVERE
When acknowledging the change of callsign, the original TURBULANCE
callsign must also be given. - Volcanic ash enroute
Unable to establish comms – Try different frequency, 3.The nature of the urgency condition
contact other aircraft then say “TRANSMITTING BLIND” 4.The intention of the person in command
Squark 7600 5. present position, level (i.e. flight level, altitude, etc.,as
appropriate) and heading;
The priority of transmissions is: 6. any other useful information.
1. Distress traffic
2. Urgency Traffic (including PAN MEDICAL) Acknowledge Let me know you have received this message
3. Communications relating to Direction finding Affirm Yes
Approved Permission for the proposed action has been granted
4. Flight Safety Messages
Break Indicates separation between messages
5. Meteorological messages Break Break Indicates separation between messages transmitted
6. Flight regularity messages to different aircraft in a busy ATC environment
Cancel Annul the previously transmitted clearance
Examples of Flight safety messages: Changing to I intend to call ……(station)…... On ……(frequency)…….
- Climb/Descend/Turn heading Check Examine a procedure or system
Cleared Authorized to proceed under the conditions laid out
- Aircraft with an immediate concern Climb Climb and maintain
- Meteorological conditions of immediate concern Confirm I request a verification of
Contact Establish communications with (your details have
Distress = A condition of being threatened by a serious been passed)
and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate Correct True or accurate
Correction Error has been made in the transmission, the correct
assistance
version is…
- “ MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY” for a Distress Descend Descend and maintain
- End “Distress traffic ended” Disregard Ignore
Fanstop I am initiating a practice engine failure after take-off
Urgency = A condition concerning the safety of the Freecall Call …(station)…. – Your details have not been passed
aircraft or other vehicle, or some person on board or in Hold Short Stop before reaching specified location
How do you read What is the readability?
sight, which does not require immediate assistance. I say again I repeat for clarity
- “PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN” for a Urgency Maintain Continue in accordance with the conditions specified
Monitor Listen out on …(frequency)….
Unit or Service Callsign Suffix Negative “No” or “Permission not granted” or “That is not
Approach control Radar ARRIVAL correct” or “Not capable”
Out End of transmission and no response is required
Area Control CONTROL Over My transmission has ended and I expect a response
Radar (general) RADAR Pass your Proceed with your message
Approach control APPROACH message
Aerodrome control TOWER Read back Repeat, all of, or a specified part of the message,
exactly as received
Approach control with radar DIRECTOR Recleared In relation to Routing only
arrivals and departures Report Pass requested information
Ground movement GROUND Request I would like to know / I wish to obtain
Precision approach radar PRECISION / Roger I have received your last transmission
TALKDOWN Say again Repeat, all of, or a specified part of your last
message
VHF direction finding HOMER Standby Wait and I will call you
Flight information INFORMATION Unable Cannot comply with the instruction, request or
Air/Ground comms service RADIO clearance
Clearance delivery DELIVERY Wilco I understand your message and will comply
Words twice As a request, communication is difficult so please
Apron Control APRON
send every word or group of words twice.
Company dispatch DISPATCH Operating Hours
H24 = 24 Hours
CAVOK - Visibility is 10km or more, no significant cloud HO = During Operating Hours
below 5000ft, no significant weather. HJ = Sunrise to Sunset
FEW - 1-2 OKTAS HN = Sunset to Sunrise
SCATTERED - 3-4 OKTAS HX = No Specific Working Hours
BROKEN - 5-7 OKTAS Radio Failure – If vectored maintain for 7 minutes then
OVERCAST - 8 OKTAS return to flight plan.
ATIS – Automatic Terminal Information Service
PAN PAN
1.The name of the station addressed
2.The identification of the aircraft