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2) (ab)5 = ab5
A) No B) Yes
Answer: A
3) (4b) 9 = 4 9 b9
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
4) (9b) 8 = 9b8
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
5) x7 ∙ x9 = x16
A) No B) Yes
Answer: B
6) x6 ∙ x9 = x54
A) No B) Yes
Answer: A
7) xy0 = x
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
a 3 a3
8) =
9 93
A) No B) Yes
Answer: B
a 4 a4
9) =
3 3
A) No B) Yes
Answer: A
2
11) y3 ∙ y6 ∙ y2
A) y13 B) y11 C) y9 D) y36
Answer: B
14) g10 ∙ h 2
A) g20h B) The product rule does not
apply. C) gh8 D) gh12
Answer: B
Evaluate the
expression.
15) 6 0
A) 0 B) -1 C) 1 D) 6
Answer: C
16) -4 0
A) -1 B) -4 C) 0 D) 1
Answer: A
17) (-7)0
A) 1 B) 0 C) -1 D) -7
Answer: A
18) 8 0 + 30
A) 11 B) 0 C) 2 D) 1
Answer: C
Write the expression with only positive exponents. Assume all variables represent nonzero numbers.
Simplify if
necessary.
20) r-7
1 1 D) r1/7
A) B) -r7 C) -
r 7 r7
Answer: A
3
21) 9 -2
1 1
A) -9 1/2 B) - C) -9 2 D)
92 92
Answer: D
22) (4p)-2
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
16p 2 8p-2 -8p2 4p2
Answer: A
23) 3x-3
1 1 3
A) B) C) D) -9x
27x 3 3x3 x3
Answer: C
24) (-a)- 4
1 1 1
A) B) C) 4a D)
-a 4 a -4
a4
Answer: D
25) 10-1 - 4 -1
20 3 1 3
A) - B) C) - D) -
3 20 6 20
Answer: D
Evaluate the
expression.
2 -3
26)
7 -4 16,807 2401 16
8 B) C) D)
A) 16 8 16,807
2401
Answer: C
1
27)
-4 -2
A) -4 B) -16 C) 16 D) 4
Answer: B
1
28)
9 -4
A) 729 B) 36 C) 6561 D) 59,049
Answer: C
4
2 -4
29)
5
625 16 625 16
A) - B) C) D) -
16 625 16 625
Answer: C
5 -3
30)
2
8 125 125 8
A) B) - C) D) -
125 8 8 125
Answer: A
Apply the quotient rule for exponents, if applicable, and write the result using only positive exponents.
Assume all variables represent nonzero numbers.
x14
31)
x5
1 D) x19
A) x9 B) -x9 C)
x9
Answer: A
x4
32)
x15
1
A)
1 B) C) x11 D) -x11
x19
x11
Answer: A
x-18
33)
x-9 1
B) C) -x27 D) x9
1 x27
A)
x9
Answer: A
x-7
34)
x-17
1 1
A) B) -x10 C) x10 D)
x 24 x 10
Answer: C
x-8
35)
x-8
5
1
A) x16 B) C) 1 D) -x8
x 16
Answer: C
6
9
36)
9 -1
A) 1 B) The quotient rule does not
apply. C) 9 2 D) 9
Answer: C
x3
37)
y7
x B) x4
A)
y4
1
C) The quotient rule does not apply. D)
y4
Answer: C
Simplify the expression. Write your answer with only positive exponents. Assume that all variables represent
nonzero real numbers.
3
38) (x3 )-
1 1 C) x6 D) x9
A) B)
x9 x6
Answer: A
7 2
39)
3
7 49 7 9
A) B) C) - D)
3 9 9 49
Answer: B
4
-2w7
40)
x
Simplify the expression so that no negative exponents appear in the final result. Assume all variables represent
nonzero
numbers.
41) m -10m 5 m -1
1 1
A) m 8 B) C) m 6 D)
m5
m6
Answer: B
7
7
42) (k-6) k6
1 1
A) k48 B) C) D) k36
k36 k7
Answer: B
8
-3
43) (3 -2 ∙ 7 -4)
1 1
A) B) 3 6 ∙ 7 6 C) D) 3 6 ∙ 7 12
3 ∙ 76
6 3 7 12
6 ∙
Answer: D
-3
44) (7 2 ∙ 6 5)
1 1
A) 7 7 ∙ 6 7 B) 7 6 ∙ 6 15 C) D)
7 ∙ 67
7 7 ∙ 6 15
6
Answer: D
2 -4
45) (3x-5) (x2)
A)
1 32 C) 3 2 x80 D)
B)
3 -10 x18 32
x18
Answer: B x5
-2
46) (x-4 y5)
1 y3 x-6 x8
A) B) C) D)
x y10
8 x-6
y3 y10
Answer: D
-4
10t-4 ∙
11
48) t-4
t2
11t18 11t24
A) B) C) 11 ∙ 10t28 D)
104 104 11t28
Answer: D 104
5
3x4 y3
49)
9xy2
x8 y6 x19y13
A) B) C) 27x19y13 D) 27x8 y6
3 3
Answer: C
9
-2
2x3 y-3
50)
x-5 y4
y14 2x16 y14 y14
A) B) C) D)
2x16 y14 4x16 2x8
Answer: C
52) 844.6
A) 8.446 × 103 B) 8.446 × 102 C) 8.446 × 10-3 D) 8.446 × 10-2
Answer: B
53) 787.865
A) 7.87865 × 103 B) 7.87865 × 10-2 C) 7.87865 × 102 D) 7.87865 ×
10-3
Answer: C
54) -470,000
A) -4.7 × 106 B) -4.7 × 10-6 C) -4.7 × 10-5 D) -4.7 × 105
Answer: D
55) -3,100,000
A) -3.1 × 10-6 B) -3.1 × 105 C) -3.1 × 106 D) -3.1 × 10-5
Answer: C
56) 0.000489
A) 4.89 × 104 B) 4.89 × 10-4 C) 4.89 × 10-3 D) 4.89 × 10-5
Answer: B
57) 0.000019812
A) 1.9812 × 105 B) 1.9812 × 10-5 C) 1.9812 × 10-4 D) 1.9812 × 104
Answer: B
58) 0.0000049312
A) 4.9312 × 10-7 B) 4.9312 × 10-5 C) 4.9312 × 106 D) 4.9312 × 10-
6
Answer: D
59) 0.000000752011
A) 7.52011 × 10-6 B) 7.52011 × 10-7 C) 7.52011 × 106 D) 7.52011 ×
107
10
Answer: B
60) 0.000000093809
A) 9.3809 × 10-9 B) 9.3809 × 10-7 C) 9.3809 × 10-8 D) 9.3809 × 108
Answer: C
11
Express the number in standard notation.
61) 8.59 × 106
A) 515.4 B) 859,000 C) 8,590,000 D)
Answer: C 85,900,000
120,000× 0.09
70)
5400
A) 20 B) 2 C) 0.2 D) 20,000
Answer: B
12
240,000× 0.0003
71)
0.008 × 150,000
A) 0.6 B) 0.006 C) 6 D) 0.06
Answer: D
9× 105
72)
3 × 108
A) -3000 B) 3000 C) -0.003 D) 0.003
Answer: D
2× 10-3
73)
8 × 102
A) -0.0000025 B) 0.0000025 C) -25,000 D) 25,000
Answer: B
Solve the problem. Express your answer in scientific notation, rounding as needed.
74) The national debt of a small country is $6,400,000,000 and the population is 2,315,000. What is the amount of
debt per person?
A) $2.76 × 102 B) $2.76 × 104 C) $2.76 × 106 D) $2.76 × 103
Answer: D
75) The earth is approximately 92,900,000 miles from the sun. If 1 mile = 1.61 × 103 m, what is the distance
to the sun in meters?
A) 1.50 × 1010 m B) 5.7 × 1010 m C) 5.7 × 10-10 m D) 1.50 × 1011 m
Answer: D
76) The distance from the earth to the sun is 92,900,000 miles. How long would it take a rocket, traveling at 2.9
× 103 miles per hour, to reach the sun?
A) 3.2 × 103 hr B) 3.2 × 105 hr C) 3.2 × 102 hr D) 3.2 × 104 hr
Answer: D
77) If the speed of light is 3.00 × 108 m/sec, how long does it take light to travel 2.29 × 1011 m, the distance
from the sun to Mars?
A) 7.6 × 102 sec B) 7.6 × 103 sec C) 7.6 × 102 min D) 76 sec
Answer: A
78) A computer can do one calculation in 1.4 × 10-7 seconds. How long would it take the computer to do a
trillion (
1012) calculations?
A) 1.4 × 10-7 sec B) 1.4 × 105 sec C) 1.4 × 1012 sec D) 1.4 × 106 sec
Answer: B
79) Assume that the volume of the earth is 5 × 1014 cubic meters and the volume of a bacterium is 2.5 × 10-16
cubic meters. If the earth could be filled with bacteria, how many would it contain?
A) 5.0 × 1031 bacteria B) 5.0 × 10-31 bacteria
C) 2.0 × 1030 bacteria D) 2.0 × 10-30 bacteria
13
Answer: C
14
Find the result that a calculator will give for the stated problem. Write your answer using the usual scientific
notation.
80) (1.7E13)∗(3E-7)
A) -5.1 × 106 B) 5.1 × 106 C) 5.1 × 10-6 D) 5.1 × 107
Answer: B
81) (6.6E13)/(3E-5)
A) 2.2 × 1018 B) 2.2 × 108 C) 19.8 × 1018 D) 2.2 × 10-18
Answer: A
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the
3n
x
83) If x ≠ 0, explain the simplification of
. xn
Answer: The rule for dividing numbers with the same base is to subtract exponents. Therefore, the answer is
x2n.
84) Simplify the expressions (2x)0 and (2x0 ) and explain how you arrived at your answers.
Answer: (2x)0 = 1, because the exponent is applied to the entire quantity in the parentheses. (2x0 ) = 2
because the exponent is applied only to the x.
85) Given that 0 < x < 1 and xn = y, explain why as n becomes larger, y becomes closer to 0.
1
Answer: Answers may vary. One possibility: Since 0 < x < 1, it can be rewritten as , where a > 1. Thus, xn =
1 n
a a
1
= . As n becomes larger, the denominator becomes larger, and thus the expression becomes
closer to a n
86) Given that n is a positive or negative integer, explain how to convert 8.125 × 10n to standard notation.
Answer: If n is positive, move the decimal point to the right n places. If n is negative, move the decimal
point to the left n places.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
88) 20 - 2z 2 + 7z - 12z 4
A) 20 - 12z4 + 7z - 2z 2 B) - 12z 4 - 2z 2 + 7z + 20
15
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of the biscuit warehouse was fitted up as an employees’ dining room.
In the middle of 1910 the board were called on to arbitrate in a case
where three of the blacksmiths employed by the Society had failed to
maintain themselves in membership of their trade union and had
been dismissed by the manager as a result. After considering the
case, the directors upheld the decision of the manager.
THE OLDEST SCOTTISH SOCIETY GOES
UNDER.
Until the year 1908 the oldest Co-operative society in Scotland and
probably in the world was located in Govan. Govan Old Victualling
Society kept painted over its doors while in business the statement:
“established 1777.” Doubtless, this statement was legendary and
would be difficult to prove, but it is certainly worthy of acceptance in
view of the fact that other Scottish societies are known to have
existed at a very early date. However, the society had fallen on evil
days, and in the beginning of 1907 sent a request to the directors of
the U.C.B.S. that its shares should be placed on the transfer list.
Towards the end of 1908 it was forced to go into liquidation, but an
unsuccessful attempt was made to carry on the business, in order
that the deficit of some £900 which the accounts showed might be
cleared off. Thus the last remaining link with the Co-operators of the
eighteenth century disappeared, after what was doubtless a very
useful career of one hundred and thirty years.
THE CO-OPERATIVE INSURANCE SOCIETY.
For many years after the formation of the Co-operative Insurance
Society the Baking Society had held aloof from it and refused to
become a member, but in later years more Co-operative councils
prevailed, and it had become affiliated. On the death of Mr Andrew
Miller, secretary of the S.C.W.S., who had been for many years a
Scottish representative on the C.I.S. board, Mr James H. Forsyth,
cashier of the Baking Society, was nominated and secured election,
retaining his office until the taking over of the C.I.S. by the two
Wholesale societies.
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGERS
1. WILLIAM MILLER,
Distributive Manager, Glasgow.
2. JOHN DAVIDSON,
Master of Works, Glasgow.
3. JOHN M‘PHAIL,
Delivery Manager, Glasgow.
4. JOHN TOWART,
Purveying Manager, Glasgow.
5. WILLIAM NINIAN,
Biscuit Production Manager, Glasgow.
6. MURDOCH RICHARD,
Bread and Pastry Production Manager,
Glasgow.
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGERS
1. JOHN REID,
Productive Manager, Clydebank.
2. ALLAN STEWART,
Distributive Manager, Clydebank.
3. MALCOLM M‘FARLANE,
Delivery Manager, Clydebank.
4. DUNCAN M‘INNES,
Branch Manager, Belfast.
5. WILLIAM BELL,
Productive Manager, Belfast.
6. DUNCAN GRAHAM,
Branch Cashier, Belfast.
THE SOCIETY’S PROGRESS.
Notwithstanding the difficulties which the depression of 1908–
09–10 had placed in the way of increased trade for the Society the
progress made was substantial, and the yearly turnover, which was
£480,000 at the beginning of 1906, had risen by the end of 1910 to
£564,000, while the membership had increased from 143 to 171. At
the beginning of the period the weekly turnover in sacks averaged
3,405, while by the end of the period it was 3,795. This was a much
smaller increase than in the preceding period, and it was also a
decrease of 125 sacks from the trade which was being done in 1907–
08, but in view of the labour conditions which prevailed in Glasgow
during the later years of the period it was very good indeed,
representing as it did an increase in turnover of 10,000 sacks a year.
CHAPTER XVII.
PROGRESS CONTINUES STEADY.