Sedimentation

Al-muthanna universality
Chemical engineering department

Chemical lab II

Name of experiment : Sedimentation

Objective of experiment :
1- Calculate the velocity of sedimentation
2- Design a continuous thicker with a feed 100 (ton/day) .

Data of experiment : 2021 / 6 / 8

Names of group :

1- Amna Naeem Lafta

2- Manar Abdul-Ameer Lazem
3- Ayat Hassan
4- Zaman Sarhan
 Sedimentation

1-INTRODUCTION
Sedimentation is the process of allowing particles in suspension in water
to settle out of the suspension under the effect of gravity. The particles
that settle out from the suspension become sediment, and in water
treatment is known as sludge. When a thick layer of sediment continues
to settle, this is known as consolidation. When consolidation of sediment,
or sludge, is assisted by mechanical means then this is known as
thickening.

In water treatment sedimentation might be used to reduce the

concentration of particles in suspension before the application of
coagulation, to reduce the amount of coagulating chemicals needed, or
after coagulation and, possibly, flocculation. When sedimentation is
applied after coagulation, its purpose is usually to reduce the
concentration of solids in suspension so that the subsequent filtration can
function most effectively.

Sedimentation is one of several methods for application prior to filtration:

other options include dissolved air flotation and some methods of
filtration. Generically, such solids-liquid separation processes are
sometimes referred to as clarification processes.

There is a variety of methods for applying sedimentation and include:

horizontal flow, radial flow, inclined plate, ballasted floc and floc blanket
sedimentation.
 Sedimentation

2- TOOLS AND PROCEDURE

Work Tools
1-Digital balance
2-spatula and glass rod
3- Beaker and Graduated Cylinder
4-Measuring Ruler

Procedure

1- Take weight of soil and place in a beaker then add volume of water .
2- Stir water soil suspension vigorously with glass rod .
3- Shake the beaker vigorously .
4- Allow sedimentation to occurs .
5- Take the height every minute .
6-Record the results and make the calculation

3- RESULTS
T (min) Z (cm) T (min) Z (cm)
0 23.3 10 8.3
1 21.5 11 6.8
2 19.5 12 5.8
3 18 13 5.4
4 16.5 14 4.9
5 14.9 15 4.8
6 13.5 16 4.5
7 12 17 4.4
8 10.2 18 4.3
9 9.4 19 4
 Sedimentation

4-CALCULATIONS
Weight = 20.0026 gm
Volume = 250 ml

Zi = 23.3 cm at t=0

Mass flow rate = 100 ton\day = 69444.44 gm\min

1- First sample

2- Second sample
 Sedimentation

3- Third sample

4- Fourth sample

5- Fifth sample
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6- Sixth sample

7- Seventh sample

8- Eighth sample
 Sedimentation

9- Ninth sample
 Sedimentation

5 - DISCUSSION
1- What are the factors that effect on velocity of sedimentation ?

♦Particle size and shape : As the size larger , the velocity of

Sedimentation increase . The shape of the particle also affects its settling
characteristics. A round particle, for example, will settle much more
readily than a particle that has irregular edges.

♦ Temperature of liquied : When the temperature decreases, the rate of

settling becomes slower.

♦ Density difference between dispersed phase and dispersion media

♦ Viscosity of the liquied : Increase in viscosity of medium, decreases

settling velocity .

♦ Suspended solids concentration

2- what is the error sources in the sedimentation exp ?

♦ Inaccuracy in determining height of the sludge in a beaker .

♦ Not Shaking the beaker at first .

♦ Use not clean beaker .

♦ User error in calculations .

♦ Unsure of weight of soil

what is the advantage of sedimentation process ?

The sedimentation process is used to reduce particle concentration in the

water. The advantage of sedimentation enhance the filtration process by
removing particulates . It's also Inexpensive , has high clarification
efficiency and easy sludge removal properties , Works by gravity and
doesn't require energy .