Title: The Challenges of Crafting a Systematic Literature Review Protocol and a Solution

Embarking on the journey of creating a systematic literature review protocol can be a daunting task
for many researchers. The meticulous process of reviewing existing literature and establishing a well-
structured framework demands a significant investment of time, effort, and expertise. Scholars often
find themselves grappling with various challenges, making it essential to seek effective solutions for
a successful literature review process.

The Complexity of Crafting a Literature Review Protocol

1. Information Overload: Sorting through an extensive pool of literature to identify relevant
sources can be overwhelming. Researchers must sift through numerous articles, books, and
papers, often leading to information overload.
2. Structural Precision: Formulating a systematic literature review protocol requires a clear
and precise structure. Crafting a framework that addresses key research questions while
adhering to academic standards adds another layer of complexity.
3. Synthesis of Findings: Integrating diverse findings and perspectives into a coherent
narrative demands analytical skills. Researchers must synthesize information from various
sources, ensuring a comprehensive and objective overview of the existing literature.
4. Methodological Rigor: Establishing a robust methodology for the literature review process
is crucial. Maintaining methodological rigor involves defining search criteria, data extraction
methods, and analysis techniques, which can be challenging for those new to the process.

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They introduce readers to the surrounding literature while also situating your work within the larger
scholarly discussion on that topic. Address how your approach to the topic reinforces or rejects
previous approaches as well as how your work contributes to the larger body of knowledge on your
topic. The protocol can be registered, in PROSPERO for example, or in another open repository,
such as Open Science Framework or Figshare. That is, that you review the citations and references
for the included publications. Your systematic literature review doesn’t have to contain a
comparison, but you’ll want to stipulate at this stage, either way. In PubMed, for instance, you can
take a look at Clinical Queries. SpiderCite builds on citation data from Lens.org. To use SpiderCite
you need to save the publications you want to use as your starting point in an XML, RIS or BibText-
file. I agree that my (optional) personal data (name, e-mail) is stored in accordance with the Data
Protection Regulation (GDPR). Conduct a search in PROSPERO, for example, to ensure that there
are no ongoing projects that resemble yours. Web sources are searched via Scirus, and include author
homepages, university sites and resources such as the preprint servers CogPrints and ArXiv.org, and
OAI compliant resources. Extract the data Every step of the data extraction must be documented for
transparency and replicability. The search should have high sensitivity, that is, it should be created in
such a way that the search will retrieve all relevant articles within a research area, or at least discover
as many as possible. MEDLINE (OVID) Comprehensive index to the international literature of
biomedicine including clinical practice, psychosocial issues, health care administration, medical
research, nursing, and more. They are self-contained pieces of writing that can function as a stepping
stone to a larger piece of writing or can enhance writers’ understandings of a topic. You will also
need to adapt field tags and other symbols. In this guide, we will cover: the definition of a
systematic literature review the purpose of a systematic literature review the different types of
systematic reviews how to write a systematic literature review. On this page, we will review a few
things worth thinking about when you intend to conduct and report a systematic literature search.
Diagnostic test accuracy reviews produce a summary of diagnostic test performance so that their
accuracy can be determined before use by healthcare professionals. Select fields for each comparison
below and click on Find Duplicates under References and remove all duplicates. Andrew is an avid
runner, and is said to dabble in the culinary arts, when he’s not spoiling his dog. A copy of this
completed form will be available via the intranet to help others carrying out reviews in the future and
to avoid duplicating work already undertaken in the centre. Adding a number after adj will
determine how many words you want to “allow” between your two terms. Embedded literature
reviews must discuss the connections between the sources you used for your research and also make
connections between your work and these sources. If you want to include your references in some
other way, for instance by using PMID or the DOI-nr, we recommend CitationChaser. Put simply, it's
a study of studies. ?? What is the final stage of a systematic literature review. If the experiments and
trials identified in the literature search are of a uniform nature, a meta-analysis may be performed.
You will also describe your search strategy, inclusion criteria, and overall methodology so that your
review is reputable and replicable. References go back to 1996. 80% of content is indexed with
controlled vocabularies. 100% coverage of Medline, including unique Medline journals. 28 million
abstract records. 245 million references added to all abstracts. It gives a general summary of
information relevant to a certain research problem or question. Gather assess and choose the
appropriate literature.
One way is to search directly in a given database’s thesaurus. Registration forms are used in almost
all walks of life for several purposes. Re. Criteria may include factors relating to the population, the
intervention, the type of study and the outcome. The search strategy should be documented in full
for each database, and can be published in an appendix to the published review article. All the
templates are available in easy to download Microsoft Word doc and Adobe Acrobat pdf format right
here Literature Review Template Sample tru.ca Download Literature Review Template Example
smumn.edu Download Literature Review Format kent.ac.uk Download Literature Review Example
Template aut.ac.nz Download Literature Review Template Free cmu.edu Download If you have any
DMCA issues on this post, please contact us. You must have a clear understanding of the important
people, series of events, places, or times that were involved with your topic. Use the Please Log In or
Create an Account button to create a Cochrane account or connect an exising accountto the
University's subscription. Their objective is to synthesize evidence through meta-analysis, a type of
SLR that employs statistical analyses. Output contains the citations and references from the
publications you’ve uploaded. In both stand-alone and embedded historiographies, you must support
your arguments and analyses with examples from the sources. Some databases, for instance Web of
Science, do not have a list of subject headings at all; to conduct a search there, you have to use free-
text terms. Communications of the Association of Information Systems, 37 (43), 879-910. The
picture demonstrates how the different operators work. We are trying to provide you the new way to
look and use the Tips. Can a search term be added that might include this key article. To find
government reports or similar texts, you may even have to go to the organization’s website and
search directly among their publication lists. When you test search, you simultaneously discover what
terminology is common in the field, and thus find more search terms. Like other literature reviews,
historiographies can be embedded or stand-alone. After all, they can often take 6 to 18 months to
complete. They include: non-peer-reviewed journals pharmaceutical industry files conference
proceedings pharmaceutical company websites internal reports Gray literature sources are more likely
to contain negative conclusions, so you’ll improve the reliability of your findings by including it.
Prognostic reviews examine the course of a disease and its potential outcomes. When you include
the subject heading in your search you will find articles about a subject even if the authors of the
article have chosen other, adjacent words to describe the article themselves. To see which
publications that have cited these articles, click on Citation Report, which you’ll find on the right
side of the search box. This can be used to better inform healthcare planning and resource allocation.
PRISMA 2020 consists of a checklist with 27 points and several flowcharts. What is the difference
between a literature review and a systematic review. Systematic literature reviews can be utilized in
various contexts, but they’re often relied on in clinical or healthcare settings. You may also need to
team up with a librarian to help with the search, literature screeners, a statistician to analyze the data,
and the relevant subject experts. 2. Formulate your question Define your answerable question. SLRs
may be quantitative (by only reviewing quantitative studies), qualitative (by only reviewing
qualitative studies), or mixed methods (by reviewing both quantitative and qualitative studies). Due
to this variety of formats, make sure you are clear on what kind of literature review your professor is
expecting.
After all, they can often take 6 to 18 months to complete. You should document details such as: The
databases you search and which years they cover The dates you first run the searches, and when
they’re updated Which strategies you use, including search terms The numbers of results obtained.
Comparison(s) or Control: is there an alternative intervention or treatment you’re considering. You
may also want to use a program that can help you screen your references, such as Rayyan. A classic
systematic literature review can take different approaches: Effectiveness reviews assess the extent to
which a medical intervention or therapy achieves its intended effect. Fourth, analyze the patterns you
noted by considering similarities and differences between sources. Outcome(s): what are you trying
to measure or achieve. Other tools can help you translate the search syntax used in different
databases, for example, Systematic Review Accelerator Polyglot. You can then combine the different
blocks with AND. To reduce risk for bias, it is also recommended that at least two people,
independent of one another, review all found articles and choose which studies to include in the
review. Medical professionals read systematic literature reviews to stay up-to-date in their field, and
granting agencies sometimes need them to make sure there’s justification for further research in an
area. This is usually referred to as a free-text search. However, in a systematic literature search, it is
recommended that you specify the search field manually instead. Systematic reviews usually rate at
the top of evidence hierarchy since they analyze and evaluate results from all available, original
research articles that answers a specific research question. You should employ multiple reviewers in
order to minimize bias and strengthen analysis. If you search without quotation marks, the terms are
not kept together as a phrase. Include information on the thesis, perspective, historical approach,
arguments, sources, and methodology. The information is only used to contact the person using the
form. How to write a systematic literature review Writing a systematic literature review can feel like
an overwhelming undertaking. Writing a literature review requires research, analysis, and synthesis.
With the tools to objectively collect and interpret information, investigators can cater research
programs, and expand on the current body of knowledge. In systematic literature searching, a
precision of two-three percent is common. The structure will help you to clearly express your ideas
and demonstrate how your sources are connected. The length of embedded literature reviews varies,
but is usually dependent upon the length of your assignment. There are several different frameworks
available that might be able to help you structure and delimit your research question. You may also
need to team up with a librarian to help with the search, literature screeners, a statistician to analyze
the data, and the relevant subject experts. 2. Formulate your question Define your answerable
question. Fifth, situate your own research within the current literature in your field. They can even be
used as the starting point for developing clinical practice guidelines. In the picture below you can see
how the different search strategies compare to one another. You will use these to create search blocks
that will then form the basis for the search strings used in the different databases.
You will use these to create search blocks that will then form the basis for the search strings used in
the different databases. Sometimes confused as a blanket term for other types of reviews. Your
systematic review should include the following details: the objectives of your project the specific
methods and processes that you’ll use the eligibility criteria of the individual studies how you plan to
extract data from individual studies which analyses you’re going to carry out. Scopus covers: Over
15,000 peer-reviewed titles from more than 4,000 international publishers, including coverage of: 500
Open Access journals, 700 Conference Proceedings, 600 Trade Publications, 125 Book Series. Put
the free text words within a parenthesis and write TI in front of the parenthesis. Embedded literature
reviews must discuss the connections between the sources you used for your research and also make
connections between your work and these sources. Interpret and present the results Registering your
systematic literature review Frequently Asked Questions about writing a systematic literature review
Related Articles What is a systematic literature review. Draw this out into a forest plot, which
provides a simple visual representation of variation between the studies. Definition A systematic
literature review is a summary, analysis, and evaluation of all the existing research on a well-
formulated and specific question. Systematic literature review quick guide Decide on your team.
SLRs may be quantitative (by only reviewing quantitative studies), qualitative (by only reviewing
qualitative studies), or mixed methods (by reviewing both quantitative and qualitative studies).
SLRs differ from stand-alone literature reviews because they follow a rigorous review protocol that
is objective and comprehensive so other researchers may replicate the work. Web sources are
searched via Scirus, and include author homepages, university sites and resources such as the
preprint servers CogPrints and ArXiv.org, and OAI compliant resources. Look for patterns in
authors’ approaches or in their methodological handling of the topic. A classic systematic literature
review can take different approaches: Effectiveness reviews assess the extent to which a medical
intervention or therapy achieves its intended effect. A variety of tools and databases allow you to
search for citation data, including Web of Science, Google Scholar and SpiderCite. Our Teams are
working hard and pushing the boundaries of possibilities to widen the horizon and provide high
quality blogger article to all hardworking bloggers! Writing an embedded literature review will
clarify your understanding of the material and demonstrate your thorough research skills. Andrew is
an avid runner, and is said to dabble in the culinary arts, when he’s not spoiling his dog. When you
test search, you simultaneously discover what terminology is common in the field, and thus find
more search terms. Use specific authors or sources as examples, and be sure to explain any
similarities or departures in approach, methodology, findings, or argument. Please check your junk or
spam folder in case this is misdirected. A systematic review, on the other hand, is more than just a
summary. Simply insert your title and abstract in any of the journal finder tools listed under the
publishing your systematic review tab. Cochrane Library Collection of health databases providing
independent evidence to inform clinical treatment decisions and other health related decisions. The
search strategy should be documented in full for each database, and can be published in an appendix
to the published review article. There are also international guidelines that detail how systematic
reviews should be reported, the Prisma Guidelines. PRISMA has been designed primarily to improve
the reporting of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. 4. Search for the literature When
writing a systematic literature review, your goal is to find all of the relevant studies relating to your
question, so you need to search thoroughly. They are usually one of the first steps in research
methodologies. In the thesaurus you may also find referrals to related terms. One tip is to use both
broader, narrower and related terms, in order to ensure that you’re getting all the relevant subject
headings into your search.
Literary review templates are surveys of scholarly sources on a specific subject matter. How to write
a systematic literature review Writing a systematic literature review can feel like an overwhelming
undertaking. Registration forms are used in almost all walks of life for several purposes. Re. They
should be able to help you formulate a detailed search strategy, and point you to all of the best
databases for your topic. ?? Read more on on how to efficiently search research databases. Like
other literature reviews, historiographies can be embedded or stand-alone. Use the search strings
created in Step 2 to search the databases. Find additional examples of useful tools at Systematic
Review Toolbox. PRISMA 2020 consists of a checklist with 27 points and several flowcharts.
PubMed - US National Library of Medicine, NIH Provides access to citations for biomedical articles
from Medline and life science journals. In systematic literature searching, a precision of two-three
percent is common. Unlike embedded literature reviews, which appear as part of a larger piece of
work, stand-alone literature reviews are a self-contained piece of writing that can be read on their
own (Figure A.2). Once researchers have selected a topic, the first step in their research methodology
is often the stand-alone literature review. The campbell collaboration was founded on the principle
that systematic reviews on the effects of interventions will inform and help improve policy and
services. Plan your research protocol Now you need a detailed strategy for how you’re going to
search for and evaluate the studies relating to your question. If you search without quotation marks,
the terms are not kept together as a phrase. Communications of the Association of Information
Systems, 37 (43), 879-910. Since you search many databases, you will also likely end up with
duplicate references. You may start with writing research questions and objectives. Select “ OR ”
between each row and add more rows if needed. They are often collaborative and tag, for instance,
inclusion- and exclusion criteria. Make an assessment checklist that closely aligns with your research
protocol, including a consistent scoring system, calculations of the quality of each study, and
sensitivity analysis. Please check your junk or spam folder in case this is misdirected. Scroll down to
Institutional Access and click Please Log in or Create an Account. If you want to include your
references in some other way, for instance by using PMID or the DOI-nr, we recommend
CitationChaser. The search strategy should be documented in full for each database, and can be
published in an appendix to the published review article. Output contains the citations and references
from the publications you’ve uploaded. This comprehensive range of resources includes over 3,000
records across seven publication types: Evidence Based Recommended Practices, Evidence
Summaries, Best Practice Information Sheets, Systematic Reviews, Consumer Information Sheets,
Systematic Review Protocols, and Technical Reports. Here are the steps to follow when creating a
literary review. Below we’ve prepared a step-by-step guide on how to write a systematic literature
review. A classic systematic literature review can take different approaches: Effectiveness reviews
assess the extent to which a medical intervention or therapy achieves its intended effect.
Here, you can use search filters to delimit your search to clinical trials, for instance, or studies about
Covid-19. The method exists in an unpublished and relative simple version presented here. Criteria
may include factors relating to the population, the intervention, the type of study and the outcome.
Outcome(s): what are you trying to measure or achieve. Diagnostic test accuracy reviews produce a
summary of diagnostic test performance so that their accuracy can be determined before use by
healthcare professionals. Registering your systematic literature review Before writing your
systematic literature review, you can register it with OSF for additional guidance along the way. It’s
best to formulate a detailed plan for how you’ll present your systematic review results. Adding a
number after N will determine how many words you want to “allow” between your two terms.
Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Practice (EBP) Database The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP
Database allows you to search simultaneously, a wide range of summarized and appraised evidence,
to inform your practice. Their objective is to synthesize evidence through meta-analysis, a type of
SLR that employs statistical analyses. SLRs may be quantitative (by only reviewing quantitative
studies), qualitative (by only reviewing qualitative studies), or mixed methods (by reviewing both
quantitative and qualitative studies). This is where your librarian will come in handy again. Try to
explain points of similarity or difference by considering the authors’ individual historical
perspectives, source usage, methodology, or structure. Registration forms are used in almost all
walks of life for several purposes. Re. If a publication or agency does not require one, submitting
one is optional, but writing one as part of the process is fundamental. Use specific authors or sources
as examples, and be sure to explain any similarities or departures in approach, methodology, findings,
or argument. The search terms within each block are combined with OR, then the blocks are
combined with AND. In your notes, be sure to record each author’s thesis, methodology, strengths,
limitations, and significant findings in addition to relevant information you can use in an essay. The
search terms within each block are combined with OR, then the blocks are combined with AND. You
can then export the references from the list to EndNote or another reference management program.
When you search for literature using quotation marks, the search becomes more precise; you will only
find articles where that exact phrase is used and miss articles that contain variations on that phrase or
a similar combination of search terms. Again, record any excluded studies here for reference. 9.
Interpret and present the results Consider different factors when interpreting your results. Strong
professional language and vocabulary should be used. The search strategy should be documented in
full for each database, and can be published in an appendix to the published review article. You can
then combine the different blocks with AND. It can take between 6 months and 2 years to conduct a
systematic review. Output contains the citations and references from the publications you’ve
uploaded. Due to this variety of formats, make sure you are clear on what kind of literature review
your professor is expecting. Scopus covers: Over 15,000 peer-reviewed titles from more than 4,000
international publishers, including coverage of: 500 Open Access journals, 700 Conference
Proceedings, 600 Trade Publications, 125 Book Series.
For example, groups of scholars disagree about the best way to measure a physiological event, and as
a result, use different instruments and methodologies. You can then combine the different blocks
with AND. That is, that you review the citations and references for the included publications. Select
“ OR ” between each row and add more rows if needed. In your notes, be sure to record each
author’s thesis, methodology, strengths, limitations, and significant findings in addition to relevant
information you can use in an essay. These look a little different depending on which database
you’re using. Interpret and present the results Registering your systematic literature review
Frequently Asked Questions about writing a systematic literature review Related Articles What is a
systematic literature review. Put simply, a systematic review is a study of studies that is popular in
medical and healthcare research. It's a great introduction to systematic review for new authors while
also offering more insight to the process for experienced authors. With this software, systematic
review teams can screen citations, full text review, risk of bias, and etc for a systematic review. Here
are the steps to follow when creating a literary review. In both stand-alone and embedded
historiographies, you must support your arguments and analyses with examples from the sources.
Each tab contains current and relevent resources for assisting you in collecting the best information
for your project, interest, or research. Criteria may include factors relating to the population, the
intervention, the type of study and the outcome. SpiderCite builds on citation data from Lens.org.
To use SpiderCite you need to save the publications you want to use as your starting point in an
XML, RIS or BibText-file. Systematic reviews usually rate at the top of evidence hierarchy since
they analyze and evaluate results from all available, original research articles that answers a specific
research question. Since you search many databases, you will also likely end up with duplicate
references. Below we’ve prepared a step-by-step guide on how to write a systematic literature
review. Interpret and present the results. 1. Decide on your team When carrying out a systematic
literature review, you should employ multiple reviewers in order to minimize bias and strengthen
analysis. They include: non-peer-reviewed journals pharmaceutical industry files conference
proceedings pharmaceutical company websites internal reports Gray literature sources are more likely
to contain negative conclusions, so you’ll improve the reliability of your findings by including it. As
a previous Ontario Graduate Scholar, he has applied his accolades as a teaching assistant and has
become a research associate in the department of surgery at Hamilton Health Sciences. They can be
used to assess the effectiveness of an intervention from a person-centric perspective. Here we’ll
review how you can do so in Web of Science and in SpiderCite, which builds on data from Lens.org.
Can a search term be added that might include this key article. If you search without quotation
marks, the terms are not kept together as a phrase. The University of Plymouth Library has a good
website where you can read more about the most commonly used frameworks. One way is to search
directly in a given database’s thesaurus. Psychometric reviews assess the quality of health
measurement tools so that the best instrument can be selected for use. Diagnostic test accuracy
reviews produce a summary of diagnostic test performance so that their accuracy can be determined
before use by healthcare professionals. Scopus covers: Over 15,000 peer-reviewed titles from more
than 4,000 international publishers, including coverage of: 500 Open Access journals, 700
Conference Proceedings, 600 Trade Publications, 125 Book Series.