Crafting a literature review, particularly for a quantitative research project, presents a unique set of

challenges that can often be overwhelming, even for the most seasoned researchers. The process
requires not only a comprehensive understanding of the topic at hand but also an ability to critically
evaluate a wide array of scientific literature, synthesize complex data, and present findings in a
coherent and persuasive manner. This intricate task demands a high level of skill in research
methodology, statistical analysis, and academic writing, which many individuals may find daunting.

The process begins with the identification of relevant literature, which in itself can be a time-
consuming endeavor. Researchers must sift through numerous databases and publications to find
studies that are pertinent to their research question. This is followed by the critical appraisal of these
studies, where the researcher assesses the methodology, data collection, and analysis techniques used
in each study to determine the reliability and validity of the findings.

Once relevant literature has been identified and appraised, the next step is synthesis. This involves
comparing and contrasting findings from different studies, identifying patterns and discrepancies,
and drawing conclusions about the state of the field. It is during this phase that the researcher's
analytical and critical thinking skills are put to the test, as they must navigate through complex
datasets and conflicting results to construct a narrative that accurately reflects the current
understanding of the topic.

The final hurdle is the presentation of the literature review in a written format. This requires not only
a thorough understanding of the subject matter but also the ability to communicate complex ideas
clearly and concisely. The literature review must be structured in a way that guides the reader
through the research landscape, highlighting key findings and identifying gaps in the literature that
the current research aims to address.

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review, it is not surprising that many choose to seek professional assistance. For those looking to
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You have some chance to do this in your introduction in an article, but the literature review section
gives a more extended opportunity to establish the conversation in the way you would like your
readers to see it. Many student writers struggle to synthesize because they feel they don’t have
anything to add to the scholars they are citing; here are some strategies to help you: It often helps to
remember that the point of these kinds of syntheses is to show your readers how you understand
your research, to help them read the rest of your paper. The research team started with an exploratory
review of background documents and research studies to identify ways in which patient portals may
contribute to health service delivery and patient outcomes. What you include in each depends on the
objective of your literature review. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to
identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. Secondly, data collection took
place using more structured research instruments. Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established
knowledge. The most interesting literature reviews are often written as arguments (again, as
mentioned at the beginning of the page, this is discipline-specific and doesn’t work for all
situations). A literature review is important because it: Explains the background of research on a
topic. There is no preconceived plan to systematically review all of the literature although this can be
done. PDF Systematic quantitative literature reviews What are Systematic Quantiative Reviews and
Why Use Them is a PDF document that explains the concept, process and benefits of conducting
systematic quantitative literature reviews in various disciplines. Two of you will independently read
the studies and decide which to include in your review based on the selection criteria you
established in your protocol. Create a matrix of the studies for easy analysis, and synthesis, across all
of the studies. Adobe Express Go from Adobe Express creation to Issuu publication. Beijing, China
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOZ, CAS) Position Opening for Principal
Investigator GIBH Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health(GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty Positions in Multiscale Research Institute for
Complex Systems, Fudan University The Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems
(MRICS) at Fudan University is located at the Zhangjiang Campus of Fudan University. Darlow and
Wen (2015) provide a good example of a highly structured narrative review in the eHealth field. It’s
important to keep track of your sources with references to avoid plagiarism. Previous findings are
usually needed and frequently previous meth- ods are also important. Tips For Writing Your First
Scientific tukioka-clinic.com write review example writing examples essay plagiarism samples
publication critical pdf rgstatic i1 literature process scientific Research Literature Review Sample By
Lit Review Samples - Issuu issuu.com literature review research sample lit samples slideshare.
Similar to a systematic review, a scoping review is a type of review that tries to minimize bias by
using transparent and repeatable methods. They provide historical context for a field while offering
opinions on its future trajectory. Overview of method Overview of method This short video
introduces viewers to a powerful 15 step method for undertaking and publishing literature reviews
including by those new to the discipline. There are a number of appraisal tools available to healthcare
practitioners to assist them in analysing and critiquing primary research articles. Expand your journal
search; a complete listing of available AU Library and OhioLINK databases is available on the
Databases A to Z list. Although literature reviews are often less time-consuming and can be
insightful or helpful, they have a higher risk of bias and are less transparent than systematic reviews.
EHealth researchers have at their disposal a number of approaches and methods for making sense out
of existing literature, all with the purpose of casting current research findings into historical contexts
or explaining contradictions that might exist among a set of primary research studies conducted on a
particular topic. Finally, the researchers used tables in recording their findings with sample sizes, but
these tables lacked columns representing value of test statistics and confidential intervals for each
variable. No additional database limiters were set to further narrow search returns. Identifying Gaps:
Aims to pinpoint areas where there is a lack of research or unresolved questions, highlighting
opportunities for further investigation. The relevance of systematic reviews to educational policy and
practice.
Selecting studies, extracting data, and assessing risk of bias in a duplicate manner using two
independent reviewers to avoid random or systematic errors in the process. A literature review is a
type of review that uses a less systematic and formal approach than a systematic review. Qualitative
versus quantitative research Empirical versus theoretical scholarship Divide the research by
sociological, historical, or cultural sources Theoretical: In many humanities articles, the literature
review is the foundation for the theoretical framework. PDF What are Systematic Quantiative
Reviews and Why Use Them 1. Results indicate that the majority of systematic reviews in this
particular area suffer from important methodological flaws and biases that impair their internal
validity and limit their usefulness for clinical and decision-making purposes. What are the strengths
and weaknesses of the research. Try to analyse patterns, turning points and key debates that have
shaped the direction of the field. Step 2: Develop a protocol A protocol is a document that contains
your research plan for the systematic review. This means drawing connections between sources to
create a picture of the scholarly conversation on a topic over time. At this stage of your review, you
won’t read the articles yet. Doing a literature review: Releasing the social science research
imagination. There is however no real discussion of the underpinning principles of quantitative
research Parahoo, 2006. In their report, Boyle and colleagues concluded that probiotics cannot be
recommended for reducing eczema symptoms or improving quality of life in patients with eczema.
The second or third time through your research may be the ideal time to focus on specific time
periods or material (scholarly vs newspaper). ? Truncating Search Terms Expanding your search term
at the root. Request articles that are not available in full-text; they will be sent to you via email. The
second type of coverage consists of presenting materials that are representative of most other works
in a given field or area. Systematic Review A review is an overview of the research that's already
been completed on a topic. Part of this process of providing care based on the best available evidence
involves appraising primary research Elliott, 2001, p 555. Is instrument validity discussed and
coefficients given if appropriate. A practical guide to data analysis in general literature reviews
Quantitative studies tend to contain a lot of statistical data, and not all of it is relevant in a general
literature review, especially at the undergraduate level.. One of the biggest challenges in writing a
literature review is to actually draw a conclusion, rather than to merely list the results of many
different studies. As such, reviewers may selectively ignore or limit the attention paid to certain
studies in order to make a point. They also collected data about possible sources of bias, such as how
the study participants were randomized into the control and treatment groups. Analyze its literature
review, the samples and variables used, the results, and the conclusions. There are a number of
appraisal tools available to healthcare practitioners to assist them in analysing and critiquing primary
research articles. In this video, you’ll learn what to include in each section, as well as 4 tips for the
main body illustrated with an example. If any data are missing, you’ll need to contact the study’s
authors. We outline core standards and principles and describe commonly encountered problems.
Although this guide targets psychological scientists, its high level of abstraction makes it potentially
relevant to any subject area or discipline. AU Library's database collection includes The Chronicle of
Higher Education and The Wall Street Journal. Your literature review should be guided by your
central research question. Write the review Thompson Writing Studio This link opens in a new
window Need to write a systematic review.
Rely heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you. Findings from eight rct s involving
6,615 participants were pooled into meta-analyses to calculate the magnitude of effects that mobile
text message reminders have on the rate of attendance at healthcare appointments compared to no
reminders and phone call reminders. You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical
approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility
mode in Internet Explorer). Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature. Writing A
Literature Review and Using a Synthesis Matrix An example synthesis matrix created by NC State
University Writing and Speaking Tutorial Service Tutors. There is however no real discussion of the
underpinning principles of quantitative research Parahoo, 2006. Every research must explain a
phenomenon (Wetcher-Hendricks, 2011). Victoria (BC): University of Victoria; 2017 Feb 27. Boyle
and colleagues also divided the studies into subgroups, such as studies about babies, children, and
adults, and analyzed the effect sizes within each group. Research apps. Consider using Evernote or
Zotero to track your research. Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World
Look, present. Analyzing and synthesizing data: As a final step, members of the review team must
collate, summarize, aggregate, organize, and compare the evidence extracted from the included
studies. To conclude, our main objective in this chapter was to demystify the various types of
literature reviews that are central to the continuous development of the eHealth field. Heterogeneity
between the included studies in terms of reported outcomes and measures precluded the use of meta-
analytic methods. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. 2005; 16:1.
Kirkevold M. Integrative nursing research — an important strategy to further the development of
nursing science and nursing practice. We argue that systematic reviews are a key methodology for
clarifying whether and how research findings replicate and for explaining possible inconsistencies,
and we call for researchers to conduct systematic reviews to help elucidate whether there is a
replication crisis. Step 7: Write and publish a report The purpose of writing a systematic review
article is to share the answer to your research question and explain how you arrived at this answer.
Discusses further research questions that logically come out of the previous studies. The main
procedures of a systematic review involve: Formulating a review question and developing a search
strategy based on explicit inclusion criteria for the identification of eligible studies (usually described
in the context of a detailed review protocol). Interlibrary loan is available to students, free of charge.
Work shop of your rough draft Prep Assignment for Next Class Peer Critique. They provide detailed
and very helpful instructions on how to conduct each step of the review process. Use the
bibliographies and references of research studies you find to locate others. For example, if you are
reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include
healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access. For
example: Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research Discuss how
the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship Divide the literature into
sociological, historical, and cultural sources Theoretical A literature review is often the foundation for
a theoretical framework. Their methods are transparent, so they can be scrutinized by others. You can
use our free APA Reference Generator for quick, correct, consistent citations. Some questions are
relevant to this article some are not. Generally, you should use both approaches together whenever
possible.
Subsequently, they use fixed or random-effects analysis models to combine the results of the
included studies, assess statistical heterogeneity, and calculate a weighted average of the effect
estimates from the different studies, taking into account their sample sizes. This can lead directly
into your methodology section. Types of reviews 1. Define your research question 2. Remember that
you can use our template to summarise and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Add Links
Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. Purdue OWL: Writing
a Literature Review The overview of literature reviews comes from Purdue's Online Writing Lab.
The references are current to the article and well documented. You might argue for the relevance of
a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for
your research. Previous findings are usually needed and frequently previous meth- ods are also
important. The authors then extracted data from the selected articles and created several tables, one
for each outcome category. You may also choose to include web sites, blogs, open access resources,
and newspapers. Chapter Two: Literature Review. 2.1 Language competence and performance. If
you stay on our website, it means that you agree to our. By statistically combining data from multiple
studies, meta-analyses can create more precise and reliable estimates of intervention effects than
those derived from individual studies alone, when these are examined independently as discrete
sources of information. The table of demographics and clinical data shows results in the form of
numbers, and statistical calculations of mean, median, variance, and standard deviation calculated
using the SPSS software (Tesli et al., 2013). Meesters et al also utilized the quantitative research
design in different forms in their study. A good literature review doesn't simply summarize the
existing material, but provides thoughtful synthesis and analysis. Results indicate that the majority of
systematic reviews in this particular area suffer from important methodological flaws and biases that
impair their internal validity and limit their usefulness for clinical and decision-making purposes. The
study used self-reports to collect data in the form of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Questionnaires
which used a 4-point Likert scale and was split into two forms. The t-test was used as an inferential
statistic for the study. Literature Review Outline momentumclubs.org literature review paper
example sample write template research outline tips nice slideshare 50 Smart Literature Review
Templates (APA). There are a number of different situations where you might write a literature
review, each with slightly different expectations; different disciplines, too, have field-specific
expectations for what a literature review is and does. Secondly, choosing a design that does not
appropriately fit the research requirements leads to negative consequences in the research and the
study does not meet its intended aims. Researchers should carefully choose the appropriate design
for a research that meets all the requirements and leads to a likable evaluation. Depending on the
length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. Write the
review Thompson Writing Studio This link opens in a new window Need to write a systematic
review. The literature represents background and research developments related to a specific research
question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized way. This helps you remember what you
read and saves time later in the process. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other academic
texts, with an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. As you write, make sure to follow these
tips: Summarise and synthesise: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine
them into a coherent whole. Selection criteria: State how you’ll decide which studies to include or
exclude from your review. Whether the search is comprehensive or not, whether it involves a
methodical approach for data extraction and synthesis or not, it is important that the review
documents in an explicit and transparent manner the steps and approach that were used in the process
of its development. Experts: Contact experts in the field to ask if they have unpublished studies that
should be included in your review.
It goes beyond documentation and reflects decisions related to the selection of the sources, the
search terms used, the period of time covered, the articles selected in the search, and the application
of backward and forward searches ( vom Brocke et al., 2009 ). In short, the rigour of any review
article is reflected by the explicitness of its methods (i.e., transparency) and the soundness of the
approach used. If you’re writing a systematic review as a student for an assignment, you might not
have a team. Literature reviews can be stand-alone research or part of a larger project. Add Links
Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. It is often assigned as
part of the research process for a paper. When the selection process is complete, you can summarize
what you did using a PRISMA flow diagram. Walden University Writing Center: Literature Review
Matrix Find a variety of literature review matrix examples and templates from Walden University.
Adobe InDesign Design pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and more with Adobe InDesign.
How does the publication contribute to your understanding of the topic. Do this instead of
requesting the entire dissertation. Is it manageable? Begin writing down terms that are related to your
question. Chronological The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time.
Remember, if the library does not have the full-text you can request the article through ILL-Odum
Express. For example, if you are reviewing literature about women and religion, key themes can
include the role of women in churches and the religious attitude towards women. If any data are
missing, you’ll need to contact the study’s authors. A practical guide to data analysis in general
literature reviews Quantitative studies tend to contain a lot of statistical data, and not all of it is
relevant in a general literature review, especially at the undergraduate level.. One of the biggest
challenges in writing a literature review is to actually draw a conclusion, rather than to merely list the
results of many different studies. Boyle and Tang read through the articles to decide if any more
studies needed to be excluded based on the selection criteria. By reviewing relevant literature, we
understand the breadth and depth of the existing body of work and identify gaps to explore. That is,
it represents a synthesis of the evidence that provides background information on your topic and
shows a association between the evidence and your research question. Something to be conducted at
the end of your research. The study by Tesli, Egeland, Sonderby, Haukvik, Bettella, and many others
investigates the influence of genetic risk variants such as enlarged ventricles and volumetric
reductions on structural brain abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Athletics Schedules Booster
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and in the classroom. Writing the literature review: A practical guide Available 3rd floor of Perkins
Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences Available online.
A quantitative research should indicate the expected results and the researcher must explain how the
collected data differed from the planned data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press: Reitz, J.M.
(2014). Online dictionary for library and information science. In the conclusion, you should
summarise the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasise their significance.
There are two types of information you need to collect from each study: Information about the
study’s methods and results. A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic.
Missed appointments are a major cause of inefficiency in healthcare delivery with substantial
monetary costs to health systems. These authors sought to assess whether mobile phone-based
appointment reminders delivered through Short Message Service ( sms ) or Multimedia Messaging
Service ( mms ) are effective in improving rates of patient attendance and reducing overall costs. As
in most narrative reviews, the scope of the research questions being investigated is broad: (a) how
development of these systems are carried out; (b) which methods are used to investigate these
systems; and (c) what conclusions can be drawn as a result of the development of these systems. To
provide clear answers to these questions, a literature search was conducted on six electronic
databases and Google Scholar.
RachelPearson36 Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present.
Another strategy is to scan the reference lists of relevant studies. If you want to know more about
statistics, methodology, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with
explanations and examples. A literature review may be a stand alone work or the introduction to a
larger research paper, depending on the assignment. If the same authors, books or articles keep
appearing in your reading, make sure to seek them out. Think carefully about how to phrase your
search terms and include multiple synonyms of each word. The study by Tesli, Egeland, Sonderby,
Haukvik, Bettella, and many others investigates the influence of genetic risk variants such as
enlarged ventricles and volumetric reductions on structural brain abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder
(BD). A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature
review you’d like to write. Quantitative vs qualitative method How to write a Literature Review:
Quantitative vs qualitative method A guide to writing a literature review. Include each of the key
concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to
this list if you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search. Boyle and Tang read
through the articles to decide if any more studies needed to be excluded based on the selection
criteria. Next, Boyle and colleagues found the full texts for each of the remaining studies. It is also
helpful to use as a guide is the searches are not finding any useful results. Your strategy will depend
on your field and your research question, but sources generally fall into these four categories:
Databases: Search multiple databases of peer-reviewed literature, such as PubMed or Scopus.
Discuss alternative methods of argumentation about the received results. Sometimes the abstract will
give enough information to determine the type of research. When printing this page, you must
include the entire legal notice. If you’re writing a systematic review as a student for an assignment,
you might not have a team. Generally, you should use both approaches together whenever possible.
If any data are missing, you’ll need to contact the study’s authors. This can be especially helpful for
students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an entire community of scholars
toward questions that have not yet been answered. It is often written as part of a dissertation, thesis,
research paper, or proposal. In addition, researchers had carefully designed most aspects of the study
such as selection of the target group, literature of the previous studies and the data analysis
processes. This guide describes how to plan, conduct, organize, and present a systematic review of
quantitative (meta-analysis) or qualitative (narrative review, meta-synthesis) information. Parenting
Among Mothers Suffering from Bipolar Disorder by Venkataraman. Other times you will need to
open the PDF of the article. Literature reviews can be stand-alone research or part of a larger project.
For instance, Levy and Ellis (2006) proposed a generic framework for conducting such reviews.
These authors synthesized published articles that describe the development process of mobile health
( m-health ) interventions for patients’ cancer care self-management. Your protocol should include
the following components: Background information: Provide the context of the research question,
including why it’s important.
Thematic: If you have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working with
throughout your piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different
aspects of the topic. In these cases, systematic reviews can use qualitative synthesis methods such as
vote counting, content analysis, classification schemes and tabulations, as an alternative approach to
narratively synthesize the results of the independent studies included in the review. This can lead
directly into your methodology section. Discusses further research questions that logically come out
of the previous studies. You can keep all of your research in one place, take notes, and organize your
materials into different folders or categories. Remember, if the library does not have the full-text you
can request the article through ILL-Odum Express. How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A
quick guide for Method details Overview. Dr. NN Chavan Keynote address on ADNEXAL MASS-
APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT in the. An inappropriate research design leads to unreliable
evaluation that results into unexpected results. Selecting studies, extracting data, and assessing risk
of bias in a duplicate manner using two independent reviewers to avoid random or systematic errors
in the process. Download Word doc Download Google doc Before you begin searching for
literature, you need a clearly defined topic. Implications and limitations Research Proposal: Part II II.
The purpose statement and research hypothesis clearly identified the variables and specified
population for the research study. All in all, 130 articles met the criteria and their data were extracted
manually into a database. The second or third time through your research may be the ideal time to
focus on specific time periods or material (scholarly vs newspaper). ? Truncating Search Terms
Expanding your search term at the root. First, exhaustive coverage means an effort is made to be as
comprehensive as possible in order to ensure that all relevant studies, published and unpublished, are
included in the review and, thus, conclusions are based on this all-inclusive knowledge base.
Findings revealed that there were over 77,000 medical informatics articles published during the
covered period in numerous journals and that the average annual growth rate was 12%.
Handsearching: In addition to searching the primary sources using databases, you’ll also need to
search manually. We have 35 Images about Narrative Essay: Business literature review example pdf
like Literature review format, Sample of Research Literature Review and also. Further evidence that
supports its qualitative nature are the phrases content analysis and descriptive analysis. Primary
research article report on original research. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid
simply listing and summarising sources in order. There is however no real discussion of the
underpinning principles of quantitative research Parahoo, 2006. Part 1: quantitative research to
critiquing quantitative research to help nurses demystify the. By statistically combining data from
multiple studies, meta-analyses can create more precise and reliable estimates of intervention effects
than those derived from individual studies alone, when these are examined independently as discrete
sources of information. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological
approach. A literature review can be a part of a research paper or scholarly article, usually falling
after the introduction and before the research methods sections. In this video, you’ll learn what to
include in each section, as well as 4 tips for the main body illustrated with an example. This exercise
requires a significant investment on the part of researchers, who must ensure enhanced objectivity
and avoid biases or mistakes. Cite this Scribbr article If you want to cite this source, you can copy
and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation
to our free Citation Generator. Turney, S. (2023, November 20).