FR.

CONCEICAO RODRIGUES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Department of Electronics & Computer Science
Electronic Devices Lab (ECL 301) for S.E. (Electronics & Computer Science) – Semester III
Experiment No. 4 – Rectifier

(Half Wave Rectifier, Full Wave Rectifier: Centre-tap and Bridge)

Student’s Name: DURGESHA DALVI Roll / ID No. 9818 Student’s Signature

Rubrics Time line Involvement & Data Evaluation & Format

(02) Performance (04 Marks) Presentation (04Marks)

Teacher’s Signature (10)

Aim & Objectives of Experiment

The experiment aims to implement & study the various different types of rectifiers and compare the
performance of conversion of ac signal to dc. Students need to understand the different aspects on
which they can compare the working and the performance of different rectifiers. The objective of the
experiment is to introduce students to build the first step of the power supply.

Apparatus and Components: Storage oscilloscope, DMM etc.

Diodes, transformer, Resistances etc.

Circuit Diagram:
Expected Outcomes of Experiment

The expected outcomes of this experiment include a basic understanding of the various types of
rectifiers. Implement rectifiers with respect to their operation, configuration etc. The students will
learn to analyze behaviour of the diode circuits for different configurations and draw the output
waveforms. Students also learn the importance of the voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) of different
types of rectifier circuits & how to determine the ripple factor, PIV of a diode and other parameters.

Observations:

BRIDGE TYPE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

CENTER TAPPED FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

No. Full Wave Theoretically Practically Error

Rectifier (FWR) Calculated Simulated (%)
Parameters (Ideal/Actual) Values (Measured) Values

1. DC/Average Value 10 V 9.806 V 1.94 %

of Load Voltage
(VL)

2. DC/Average Value 1 mA 980.6 μA 1.94 %

of Load Current
(IL)
 No. Full Wave Theoretically Practically Error
Rectifier (FWR) Calculated Simulated (%)
Parameters (Ideal/Actual) Values (Measured) Values

1. DC/Average Value 20 V 19.55 V 2.25 %

of Load Voltage
(VL)

2. DC/Average Value 2 mA 1.955 mA 2.25 %

of Load Current
(IL)
Waveforms:

Conclusion:

The simulation of both diode full wave rectifiers – center tapped & bridge type verified
theoretical description & working with highly pulsating single polarity output voltage
waveforms. It was observed that nature of the output voltage waveform of both center-tapped
full wave rectifier & bridge-type full wave rectifier was highly pulsating DC. The simulated
values of the DC (average) load voltage & current for both center-tapped full wave rectifier
& bridge-type full wave rectifier were extremely close to their true (ideal/theoretical) values
obtained by mathematical analysis. The error was around 2 % (1.94 % & 2.25 % in either
case) which shows that the accuracy obtained by simulation was highly reasonable as
parameters such as transformer winding resistance, forward resistance of PN junction diode
etc. were not factored during calculations by mathematical analysis.

Post Lab Questions:

 Department of Electronics & Computer Science
Electronic Devices Lab (ECL 301) for S.E. (Electronics & Computer Science) – Semester III
Experiment No. 5 – Filter

(Types of Filters: C- Filter, L-Filter and LC -Filter)

Student’s Name: DURGESHA DALVI Roll / ID No.9818 Student’s Signature

Rubrics Time line Involvement & Data Evaluation & Format

(02) Performance (04 Marks) Presentation (04Marks)

Teacher’s Signature (10)

Aim & Objectives of Experiment

The experiment aims to implement & study the very important section of the linear power supply
Various types of filters are tried to compare the performance of and dependency on the load.
Students need to understand the different aspects on which they can compare the working and the
performance of different filters. The objective of the experiment is to introduce students to build the
second stage/step of the power supply.

Apparatus and Components: Storage oscilloscope, DMM, Power Supply etc.

Resistances, Capacitor, Inductive Coil etc.

Circuit Diagram:
Expected Outcomes of Experiment
The expected outcomes of this experiment include a basic understanding of the various types of filters.
Implement filters for the full wave rectified signal, The students will learn to analyze behaviour of the
filters for different configurations and dependency on load resistance. Students also learn the
importance of the filters of different types and its behaviour.

Observations:

a) Capacitor (C) Type Filter :-

No. Full Wave Theoretically Practically Error

Rectifier & Filter Calculated Simulated (%)
Parameters (Numerical) Values (Measured)
Values
1. DC / Average 32.11V 30.01V 6.54%
Value of Load
Voltage
(VL)
2. DC / Average 32.11V 30.01mA 6.54%
Value of Load
Current (IL)

3. 0.87% 1.3% -
Ripple Factor
49.43%
(γ)
(b) Inductor (L) Type Filter :-

No. Practically Error

Full Wave Theoretically
Simulated (%)
Rectifier & Filter Calculated
(Measured)
Parameters (Numerical) Values
Values

1. DC / Average 20.75V 19.12V 7.85%

Value of Load
Voltage
(VL)

2. DC / Average 20.75mA 19.12mA 7.85%

Value of Load
Current (IL)

3. 1.5% 2.47% -
Ripple Factor
64.66%
(γ)
(c) Inductor & Capacitor (L-C) Type Filter :-
 No. Practically Error
Full Wave Theoretically
Simulated (%)
Rectifier & Filter Calculated
(Measured)
Parameters (Numerical) Values
Values
1. DC / Average 20.75V 17.19V 17.15%
Value of Load
Voltage
(VL)
2. DC / Average 207.5mA 171.9mA 17.15%
Value of Load
Current (IL)
3. 0.072% 0.076% -5.55%
Ripple Factor
(γ)
Waveforms:

Conclusion:
Overall, this experiment served as a crucial stepping stone in the education,providing us with a
foundational understanding of linear power supply design and the importance of filters in achieving
stable and clean output voltages.

Post Lab Questions:

 Department of Electronics & Computer Science
Electronic Devices Lab (ECL 301) for S.E. (Electronics & Computer Science) – Semester III
Experiment No. 6– Voltage Regulators

(Load Regulation and Line Regulator)

Student’s Name: DURGESHA DALVI Roll No.9818 Student’s Signature

Rubrics Time Involvement & Data Evaluation &

line Performance (04 Marks) Format Presentation
(02) (04Marks)

Teacher’s Signature (10)

Aim & Objectives of Experiment

The experiment aims to implement & study the significance of voltage regulator. There are two
important parts in this section 1. The regulation against the variation in load and 2. Variation in
input voltage. Detemine the % load regulation and the % line regulation from the graph 1. Vo V/S
IL 2. VO V/SVI respectively. The objective of the experiment is to introduce students to build the
third step of the power supply.

Apparatus and Components: Storage oscilloscope, DMM Power Supply etc.

Zener Diode, Resistances, Potentiometer etc.

Circuit Diagram:

Expected Outcomes of Experiment

The expected outcomes of this experiment include a basic understanding of the regulator.
Implement voltage regulator using Zener diode and study the performance for different load as
well as variation in the input variations. The students will learn to determine the % load and line
regulations to determine the quality of the regulators.
Observations:

Table1. Load Regulation: Vi= 10 Volts

Sr. No. IL Vo
1 0 5.06
2 10 4.99
3 12 4.93
4 14 4.90
5 16 4.8
6 18 4.7
7 22 4.2
8 30 2.4
9 32 0.02
Table 2. Line Regulation: RL= 4.7KΩ
Sr. No. IL Vo
1 8 4.73
2 10 4.86
3 12 4.92
4 14 4.96
5 16 4.98
6 17 5.00
Graph for 1. Vo V/S IL 2. VO V/SVI

Conclusion:

The results showed that the voltage regulator performed well in both load and line regulation with
only minor fluctuations in output voltage even when subjected to changes in load current and
input voltage. This highlights the critical role of voltage regulators in ensuring a reliable and
consistent power supply which is essential for various electronic devices and circuits.

Post Lab Questions: