Reviewer in Science-8

Matter- It is anything that occupies space and has mass

Volume- the amount of space matter occupied.
Solid- has mass, has definite shape and volume.Molecules are tightly packed.ex, pencil, chair, spoon
Liquid- has mass, has no definite shape and volume, take the shape of its container.Molecules are loosely
packed.ex. Soy sauce, water, juice.
Gas- no definite shape and volume, take the shape of its container.Molecules are move freely.ex. Air, helium
and oxygen
Changes in states of matter
Freezing- Liquid to Solid Ex. Water becomes ice
Melting- Solid to Liquid Ex. Ice cream melts due to hot weather,
Evaporation- Liquid becomes gas Ex.when you are boiling water, the water becomes water vapor.
Condensation- Gas turns into solid- Gas becomes liquid. Ex. Dew early in the morning.
Deposition- Gas transform into solid. Ex.Frost in some leaves of the trees in cold country.
Sublimation- Solid turns into gas without passing liquid form. Ex. Moth balls and dry ice
Physical Change- A change were not changing its chemical composition.ex. Tearing a piece of paper,
breaking a glass.
Chemical Change- A change where a new chemical substance is form. Ex. Burning of wood.
Atom- Smallest particle of an atom
Nucleus of atom-consist of proton and neutron
Sub- Atomic particles
Proton- positive ( + ) charge particle,mass of 1 amu
Electron- negative ( - ) charge particle,lightest sub atomic particle
Neutron- no charge ( 0 ) particle, heaviest sub atomic particle 1.008 amu
Ernest Rutherford- Discovered proton and nucleus of atom.
Democritus- Proposed that atoms are small hard particles and comes from the Greek word “ atomos” which
means not able to divide.
Periodic Table of Elements-tabular arrangement of the chemical elements by increasing atomic number
which displays the elements so that one may see trends in the property.
Atomic Number- It serves as the identity of an element, it is equal to the number of proton and also number
of electron
Ex. Boron has an atomic number of 5, also 5 proton and 5 electron
Atomic weight- the relative weight of an atom.
Johann Dobereiner- German Chemist placed various groups of elements called ‘triads”.
John Alexander Newlands- proposed the octaves law or Law of Octaves where every eight elemnt are
similar to the first element.
Dimitri Mendeleev- He was the “ Father of Modern Periodic Table.”
William Ramsey- Discover gases like Neon, Krypton and Xenon.
John Newlands- British chemist who classfieds elements into eight groups.
Metals- metals makes up the majority of elements about 93 % .
Examples: copper,zinc, silver, aluminum, lithium, magnesium
Non- Metals- About 18 of the elements are classsifed as non-metals
Examples: Sulfur, Hydrogen, Fluorine, Neon. Argon
Halogens- any of the six non-metallic elements that’s constitute Group17 ( Group VIIa )
Fluorine ( F), Chlorine ( Cl ) , Bromine ( Br ), Iodine, ( I ). Astatine ( At) and Tennesine ( Ts)
Periods- are the horizontal rows in periodic table
Groups- The vertical column in periodic table.