UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

STUDENTS' USAGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS E-SCOOTER

FACILITIES IN CAMPUS: A CASE STUDY OF UITM PERAK BRANCH

NUR LYANA AMISHA BINTI NOR HAIZAN

DIPLOMA IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

AUGUST 2023
 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

STUDENTS' USAGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS E-SCOOTER

FACILITIES IN CAMPUS: A CASE STUDY OF UITM PERAK BRANCH

NUR LYANA AMISHA BINTI NOR HAIZAN

Planning Project Paper submitted in

partial fulfilment of the requirements
for

Diploma in Town and Regional Planning

Department of Built Environment Studies and Technology
College of Built Environment
August 2023
 CONFIRMATION OF COMPLETION

I certify that Nur Lyana Amisha binti Nor Haizan has completed Planning Project Paper entitled
Student’s usage and perception towards e-scooter facilities in campus a case study at UiTM
Seri Iskandar Perak Branch, in accordance with Universiti Teknologi MARA Act 1976 (Akta
173).

PM Gs. Dr Mohd Fadzil Abd Rashid

Senior Lecturer
Programme of Town and Regional Planning
Department of Built Environment Studies and Technology
College of Built Environment
Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch
(Supervisor)

Gs. Mohamad Sofiyuddin Hj. Sanusi

Senior Lecturer
Program of Town and Regional Planning
Department of Built Environment Studies and Technology
College of Built Environment
Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch
(AP111 Programme Coordinator)

Arina Rahmat PhD

Program of Town and Regional Planning

Department of Built Environment Studies and Technology
College of Built Environment
Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch
(TPS352 Coordinator)
 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I declare that the work in this Planning Project Paper was carried out in accordance with the
regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is original and is the result of my own work, unless
otherwise indicated or acknowledged as referenced work. This project paper has not been submitted
to any other academic institution or non-academic institution for any degree or qualification.

I, hereby, acknowledge that I have been supplied with the Academic Rules and Regulations for
Undergraduate, Universiti Teknologi MARA, regulating the conduct of my study and research.

Name of Student : Nur Lyana Amisha binti Nor Haizan

Student I.D. No. : 2020613552

Programme : Programme of Town and Regional Planning

Faculty : Department of Built Environment Studies and

Technology, College of Built Environment

Title :

Signature of Student : ……………………………………………..

Date : 28 July 2023

 ABSTRACT

The title of the study is students' views on e-scooter facilities at UiTM Seri Iskandar. The
objective used is the importance of e-scooters to UiTM Seri Iskandar students and the effects
arising from the e-scooter facility at UiTM Seri Iskandar to the students. The two objectives were
chosen because to study the two aspects. In addition, this study was conducted within the Uitm
Seri Iskandar area. Furthermore, the method used to complete this project is through
questionnaires to several respondents, namely men and women, through observation,
questionnaires and references. In this study, I have identified the importance of e-scooter
facilities for UiTM Seri Iskandar students. Findings show this e-scooter is very important as a
student facility to access them to the place they want to go. In addition, it can also be identified
the effects of the e-scooter on students such as no air pollution, noise pollution resulting from
other vehicles. In conclusion, from this lean work I have learned that this e-scooter facility is
very important and useful for students and users at UiTM Seri Iskandar.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahorrahmanirrahim

In the Name of Allah S.W.T the Most Gracious, Most Merciful. All praise is given to the Almighty
for allowing me to complete this research study successfully for six (6) months.

Firstly, I want to take the opportunity to express my gratitude to Pm Gs.Dr Mohd Fadzil Abdul
Rashid, my supervisor for giving me a lot of guidance, helping me in learning a process to complete
the study and spending time for discussion with me. Without her guidance, I would not be able to
complete the study in the time given.

Secondly, I also want to thank to Planning Project Paper Coordinator, for her guidance, tolerance,
and supervision and for reminding us of the important dates during this semester.

Finally, I would like to express my very profound gratitude to my parents and family for providing
me with physical and mental support in process of researching and writing this thesis. Last but not
least, most thankful to all my friends for supporting and encouraging me in completing this thesis.
This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. All your kindness will be never
forgotten. Thank you.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE

CONFIRMATION BY PANEL OF EXAMINERS I

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION II

ABSTRACT III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS V

LIST OF TABLES VIII

LIST OF FIGURES VIII

LIST OF CHARTS IX

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.2.1 Sharing The Road With Other Vehicles
1.2.2 Limited E-Scooter Parking
1.2.3 Poor Road Structure.
1.3 Aim And Objectives 2
1.4 Scope Of Study 3
1.5 Research Methodology 3
1.6 Site Background 6
1.6.1 Key Plan 6
1.6.2 Location Plan 7
1.6.3 Site Plan 7
1.7 Summary 8
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Literiture Review 9
2.2.1 Definition of Perception 9
2.2.2 Positive and Negative Perception 10
2.2.3 Definition of E-scooter 10
2.2.4 Advantage and Disadvantage of E-scooter toward student 11
2.2.5 Definition of Facilities 12
2.2.6 Type of facilities 13
2.3 Safety concern of e-scooter toward student 17
2.4 Best Practice of E-scooter fasilities 18
2.5 Summary 19

CHAPTER THREE: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

3.1 Introduction 20

3.2 Research Methodology 20

3.3 Data Collection Method

21
3.3.1 Site Observation
21
3.3.2 Questionnaire 21
3.4 Data Analysis of Site Observation
22
3.5 Data Analysis of Survey Questionnaire
22
3.5.1 Analysis Respondents Background (Section A) 22
3.5.2 Analysis Of Perception Respondents (Stage B) 24
31
3.5.3 Analysis Of Opinions And Suggestions Respondents (Stage C)

3.5 Findings 34
CHAPTER 4 : RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Introduction
35
4.2 Summary of Finding
35
4.3 Recommendations
36
I. Make a special path for e-scooter
36
II. Adding and expending e-scooter parking
37
III. Repairing damaged road structure
37
4.4 Summary
38

5.0 REFERENCES 39
6.0 APPENDICES 41
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1 Reseach Methodology Stage
Table 3.1 Analysis Demographhic Profile
Table 3.2 Analysis of respondent’s opinion
Table 3.3 Table of recommend e-scooter to other

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Site Plan
Figure 1.2 Location plan
Figure 1.3 Key Plan
Figure 2.1 Picture of road transport facilities
Figure 2.2 Picture of rail transport facilities
Figure 2.3 Picture of air transport facilities
Figure 2.4 Picture of water transport facilities
Figure 2.5 Picture of public transport facilities
Figure 2.6 Picture of micro mobility facilities
Figure 2.7 Picture Cycling and Pedestrian Facilities
Figure 4.1 Example of path for e-scooter
Figure 4.2 Example of e-scooter parking
Figure 4.3 Example of roadway structure

LIST OF CHART

Chart 3.1 The percentage of respondents have ever used the e-scooter facility
Chart 3.2 The percentage of respondents have ever used the e-scooter facility
Chart 3.3 The percentage of quality of the e-scooters provided in the campus
Chart 3.4 The percentage of quality of the e-scooters provided in the campus
Chart 3.5 The percentage of is e-scooter friendly and sustainable
Chart 3.6 The percentage of e-scooter system
Chart 3.7 The percentage of e-scooter safety level
Chart 3.8 The percentage of safety level when using e-scooter
Chart 3.9 The percentage of safety of existing road
Chart 3.10 The percentage of e-scooter user obey traffic rules
Chart 3.11 The percentage of attitude user use the road
Chart 3.12 The percentage of users use e-scooters well
Chart 3.13 e-scooter parking sufficient or not
Chart 3.14 The percentage of level of e-scooter easy or not
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

One of the basic human needs is transportation. Mobility allows us to make the most of life and its
possibilities. Electric vehicles (EVs) have grown rapidly in urban transportation systems given their
potential in reducing carbon gas emissions and energy consumption. Poor air quality, traffic
congestion and lack of parking are the result of the growing need for mobility. It is also suitable for
use in the campus since it can help students to save time and it can also reduce carbon gas that can
pollute the environment. To solve this problem without imposing severe restrictions on personal
mobility, an alternative to the car, powered by an internal combustion engine, is necessary. One of
these alternatives is the e-scooter. Unlike other vehicles, this vehicle uses a battery and an electric
drive. It can also make the campus a low-carbon campus and can provide good well-being to
students.

Dockless or station-based systems are required to use e-scooters, according to the National
Association of Urban Transportation Officials (NACTO), 2020. Usually several kilometers long, e-
scooters are made as a cost-effective form of transportation for short distances. Using a smartphone
app, users can find and unlock the e-scooter, and it is charged per minute. E-scooters are a new type
of micromobility that is becoming increasingly common in urban areas around the world. In
addition, their rapid growth has also caused many effects involving users such as security,
accessibility and convenience. NACTO and other organizations have conducted research on e-
scooters to better understand this issue and inform policy decisions. Indirectly, the university can
increase the mobility of students in terms of the facilities provided in line with the passage of time
that many use the latest technology.

In this study, is to identify the impact and importance of e-scooters to users, especially students at
UiTM Seri Iskandar. In the meantime, we can study the level of use, the purpose of use or not, the
level of safety and the level of student satisfaction with the e-scooter facility. Indirectly this study
can help to make improvements to the e-scooter to increase the use and satisfaction of students. In
terms of importance, it can make it easier for students to access where they are going without
wasting energy and time. In addition, it can help students who are not residents of the college to
save their time and energy from parking the car to class.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATMENT

Shared micromobility such as electric scooters has the potential to improve campus transportation
sustainability by providing more mobility options and improving access to public transit. This e-
scooter facility has provided fun and comfort to e-scooter users. But many people in e-scooter users
and pedestrians also provide a different view and perception of the facility. Some of them are
positive, but some are against it. In the case of this study, it will focus on students' perception of e-
scooter facilities at UiTM Seri Iskandar.

In this study, students' views on e-scooters will be highlighted in terms of satisfaction level, safety
and form of improvement of facilities for users. The problems faced by users are sharing the road
with other vehicles, limited e-scooter parking and poor road structure. It is likely to have an impact
in terms of the level of user security. But in terms of its positive impact, it may make it easier for
students to save their time and energy to access them where they want to go. In addition, it can help
non-college students who park outside the UiTM Seri Iskandar area.

1.3 GOAL & OBJECTIVE

1.3.1 Goal
The goals of this study case are to design better e-scooter facilities and improve the overall user
experiences and happiness.

1.3.2 Objective
i. To study the level of student satisfaction using e-scooters
ii. To investigate the safety level of students using e-scooters
iii. To identify forms of improvement to existing facilities to increase the use of e-scooters
and student satisfaction

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1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

This study is to examine the views and behaviors of students towards e-scooter at UiTM Seri
Iskandar. The location of this study is at UiTM Seri Iskandar. This study will also examine the level
of use, purpose of use, safety issues, level of satisfaction and form of improvement to the e-scooter
facility. The method used in this study is observation and questioning. From there, this study can
see the results obtained to solve problems and students' views on the convenience of the e-scooter.

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is the best conceived as the process of arriving at dependable solutions to
problems or issues through planned and systematic collection, analysis and the interpretation of data
available from various methods.

i. Preliminary Study
The synopsis must be prepared at this point in order to obtain a summary of the study in
order to define the location, purpose, and goal of the study, as well as the problem
statements. It's also crucial to keep an eye on the current situation and identify issues and
potential problems in the research field.

ii. Literature Review

In the second stage, it's critical to understand the study's theories, particularly in terms of
redevelopment implementation, mechanism, and initiatives. This data can be found in
books, journals, templates, papers, reports, and websites, among other places.

iii. Data Collection

Primary and secondary data are obtained in the following ways:

a. Primary data is gathered by observation and questionnaires.

b. Secondary data is information about the study gathered from article, journals and
websites. The term "secondary data"refers to information obtained from other sources.

3
iv. Data Analysis

To come up with the proposal, the data collected from observation and questionnaire as well
as collected from article, journal and website must be analyzed at this point. The analysis'
results will be described in graphs and charts, and they will form the basis of the proposal.

The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Excel software will be usedto conduct
studies on the survey in the research field, while the AutoCAD softwarewill be used to make
suggested recommendations on the site plan.

v. Recommendations and Conclusion

Following the analysis of all data, issues and problems collected, various recommendations
will be made to address those issues and problems. Recommendations should represent the
goals and priorities of the study, as well as solutions to concerns and problems related to e-
scooter facilities. Recommendations will also be provided to be used as a reference for future
planning.

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Research Methodology Stage

First Stage Preliminary Study

Second Stage Literature Riview

Data Collection

Third Stage
Primary Data Secondary Data

• Questionnaire • Article
• Observation • Journal
• Website

Fourth Stage Data Analysis and Findings

Fifth Stage Recommendations

Table 1.1 Reseach Methodology Stage

5
1.6 SITE BACKGROUND

The location of the study site is within the area of UiTM Seri Iskandar which covers an area
of 392.36 acres. This location is located under Seri Iskandar district and Central Perak District
Council. Cities close to the study site are Bota, Bota Kanan and Tronoh.

Site Location UiTM Seri Iskandar

State Perak
District Perak Tengah
Mukim Seri Iskandar
Area 392.36 ekar
Local Authority Majlis Daerah Perak Tengah (MDPT)
Distances from Nearest Town Bota, Bota Kanan, Tronoh

KEY PLAN
Figure 1.1 Key Plan

6
LOCATION PLAN
Figure 1.2 Location plan

SITE PLAN
Figure 1.3 Key Plan

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1.7 SUMMARY

Urban and transport planning is considered to be planning carried out with respect to the
standard of living of the urban community. In Malaysia’s efforts to become a developed
country, it is important that the country does not lose focus on planning goals and the main
concept of effective planning of a city that consists of facilities suitable for all, and good urban
planning. Incomplete without inclusive and efficient transportation planning. This is essential,
if the country wants to be a prosperous but faceless society, with the absence of self-satisfaction,
and with ever-present physical and social challenges. This is the reason why in the
establishment of facilities suitable for colleges or universities, it can create a useful essence for
students from a transportation point of view and can make UiTM Seri Iskandar sustainable.

As a conclusion for this chapter, it can be said that the improvement of this facility, needs to
take into account the safety and comfort of users to use the facilities provided at Uitm Seri
Iskandar. According to the problem statement, there is a major problem which is that e-scooters
share the road with other vehicles. It will interfere with other vehicles to use the road even more
at peak times. In addition, the overhaul of this e-scooter facility needs to be taken into account.

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 CHAPTER 2

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains the process of conducting a literature review, which is a summary of prior
research. A literature review is a critical and methodical reference to sources of information,
theories, facts, and information gathering techniques relevant to the study’s topic. To put it
simply, conducting this research effectively requires research and the knowledge and abilities
to locate, read, gather, and summarize material. It is also a component of the theoretical
foundation on which research comprehension is built. A key component of performing research
is using published written information, or literature.

Therefore, at this stage, the reading is done to meet and achieve the objectives of the study, thus
this chapter will touch on the definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, and the
importance. In addition, it also explains why the e-scooter needs to be in every campus.
Preliminary references are also made to determine the scope and indicators that need to be
studied in the research conducted. This literature review tries to form an understanding of the
previous research questions that form the basis of this study.

2.2 LITERITURE REVIEW

2.2.1 Definition of Perception

Walgito (2003) defined perception as the way a person thinks about a certain
phenomenon. The sensory organ is where perception begins. This procedure has to do
with how the human brain receives messages or information. A person uses all five
senses to interact with their surroundings during this process. These five senses are sight,
hearing, taste, and touch. When a person interacts with their surroundings using these
senses, the brain registers the stimuli and sends them to the nervous system.
Additionally, this process is known as feeling, and perceptions include sensation.
According to Koentjaningrat, 2010 explained that perception is the relialization of
human process and it appears as a view about phenomenon. In this process, many factor
such as feeling, needs, motivations, educational background, experiences are involved.
Then the process is followed by a process which a person’s brain arrives at meaningful
interpretation of stimuli.

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After defining the term of perception, it can be concluded that perception is a process of
human thinking about certain phenomenon after they get the sensations from the
environment through the sense of organ.

2.2.2 Positive and Negetive Perception

Positive perception is a subjective assessment of an object that is either positive or as

expected. A negative perception, on the other hand, is a personal assessment of a
particular thing that is contrary to expectations. Robin (2002) added that positive
perception results from an individual’s contentment with a particular thing that serves
as their source perception as well as from an individual’s knowledge and experience
with the object perceived. Otherwise, a person’s soured view is caused by their
displeasure with a particular object, their ignorance, and their lack of experience with
the object in question.

Robbins (2002) adds that positive perception is an individual’s assessment of

information with a positive view with what is expected from the existing rules.
Meanwhile, negative perception is the way of looking at an individual against
considerations that are not in individual accordance (Demuth, 2013).

2.2.3 Definition of E-scooter

The term “e-scooter facilities” refers to the infrastructure, facilities and services
provided to support the use of electric scooters (e-scooters) in specific areas, such as
campuses, cities or designated zones. E-scooters belong to a category of facilities known
as “micro-mobility facilities” or “shared mobility facilities.” These facilities are
specifically designed to support and accommodate micro-mobility transportation
options, such as e-scooters, e-bikes, and shared bicycles. This facility is designed to
improve the convenience, safety and sustainability of the e-scooter sharing program and
individual e-scooter use. Electric scooters attract new users because of their innovation,
sustainability, affordability and speed (Bhandal and Noonan, 2022). This wave of
popularity has led to a growing interest in understanding how the built environment
favors the use of micromobility (Codina et al., 2022), along with how certain campus
elements influence riding behavior.

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2.2.4 Advantage and Disadvantage of E-scooter toward studenT

E-scooters can have a profound impact on users who use them even though e-scooters
are a trend nowadays. There are some impacts in terms of benefits that can be obtained
for the user, however, there are also some disadvantages obtained by users who ride it,
especially among students.

i. Advantages of E-scooters for Students:

The cost-effective transportation of e-scooters is a more affordable transportation option

than owning a car or even using public transportation frequently. This can be especially
beneficial to students on a tight budget. In addition, e-scooters can also produce zero
carbon dioxide emissions during use, making them an environmentally friendly
alternative to gas-powered vehicles. Using an e-scooter can help reduce carbon and
contribute to a cleaner environment. In addition, it can also save time for example, e-
scooters can help students save time by avoiding traffic jams and reaching their
destination faster, especially during peak hours within the UiTM Seri Iskandar area
where they can move easily.

Another advantage is that it is convenient and flexible, usually e-scooters are available
for short-term rental through a smartphone app. This on-demand availability facilitates
short trips between classes or to nearby locations. Last but not least are the health
benefits for example, riding an e-scooter can be a form of physical activity, providing
some exercise while traveling, which can be beneficial for overall health and well-being.

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 ii. Disadvantages of E-scooters for Students:

The first disadvantage is the safety concern that e-scooter accidents can result in injuries,
especially if the rider is inexperienced or does not wear protective equipment such as a
helmet. The lack of appropriate infrastructure, such as dedicated routes, can also
increase the risk of accidents. In addition, e-scooters are also at risk of vandalism and
theft cases by users and students who rely on e-scooter services may face a situation
where they cannot find a scooter when needed. Next, weather dependency: E-scooters
are less practical during bad weather conditions, such as heavy rain. Students may
require other alternative transportation options at that time. Finally, distraction from
studies for example, although e-scooters offer convenience, they can also be a
distraction for some students, causing less focus on studies and potential academic
challenges.Overall, e-scooters can be a convenient and eco-friendly transportation
option for students, but it’s essential for users to be aware of the safety risks, follow
local regulations, and consider their individual needs and circumstances before
incorporating e-scooters into their daily routines.

2.2.5 Definition of Facilities

Facilities refer to physical or non-physical resources, amenities, or services provided to

support a particular activity, purpose, or function. These resources are designed and
organized to meet specific needs, improve efficiency, enhance convenience, and provide
a conducive environment for the activities they serve.

Facilities can encompass a wide range of elements, depending on the context in which
they are used. Some common examples of facilities include:

i. Physical infrastructure: Buildings, structures, and spaces designed to

accommodate various functions, such as office buildings, schools, hospitals,
stadiums, transportation terminals, etc.
ii. Utilities and services: Essential services like water supply, electricity, heating,
cooling, waste management, and telecommunication networks that are crucial
for the functioning of a facility.
iii. Equipment and machinery: Tools, appliances, and specialized machinery
required to carry out specific tasks or operations within a facility, such as
manufacturing equipment, laboratory instruments, or kitchen appliances.

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 iv. Safety features: Fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems, emergency exits, and
safety protocols designed to ensure the well-being of occupants and visitors
within a facility.
v. Amenities: Additional conveniences or perks provided to enhance the
experience or comfort of users, such as recreational areas, fitness centers, cafes,
parking lots, and green spaces.
vi. Support services: Support staff and services like cleaning, maintenance, security,
reception, and administrative services that help maintain the facility’s
functionality and provide assistance to users.

Facilities play a vital role in various sectors, including business, education, healthcare,
hospitality, transportation, and public services. The design and management of facilities
are essential considerations to ensure that they effectively serve their intended purposes
and cater to the needs of the people who use them.

2.2.6 Type of facilities

Transport facilities refer to the infrastructure, services, and amenities that support
various modes of transportation, making it easier for people and goods to move from
one place to another. Here are some common types of transport facilities:

i. Road Transport Facilities:

Road transport facilities in Malaysia are highways, roads and other roads that support
vehicle traffic, whether light, heavy vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles including e-
scooters. Additionally are bridges and tunnels, structures that allow road transport over
bodies of water and through mountains, which may also accommodate e-scooters.

Figure 2.1 Picture of road transport facilities

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ii. Rail Transport Facilities:

The location where passengers riding the rail facility board and disembark the train
(some train stations may also allow e-scooter access). In addition to the railway, which
is the physical infrastructure that facilitates train travel.

Figure 2.2 Picture of rail transport facilities

iii. Air Transport Facilities:

Airports that are terminals and runways for boarding and disembarking from airplanes
and landing places. In addition, heliports are used as facilities for helicopters only to
take off and land.

Figure 2.3 Picture of air transport facilities

iv. Water Transport Facilities:

A port is a place where ships anchor or stop after a long voyage either on the river or at
sea. Port locations are chosen to optimize access to land and navigable waters, for trade
demands, and protection from wind and waves. Additionally, a dock is a water-enclosed
area in a harbor for loading, unloading, and repairing ships.

14
 Figure 2.4 Picture of water transport facilities

v. Public Transport Facilities:

Public transit stations are places where various modes of public transportation converge,
such as subway stations, metro stations, and bus interchanges. In addition, park-and-ride
facilities, which are parking lots where passengers can leave their cars and move to
public transport, including e-scooters.

Figure 2.5 Picture of public transport facilities

vi. Micro-Mobility Facilities:

An e-scooter sharing station is a designated area for renting and returning e-scooters. E-
scooter parking can be found in the e-scooter application. In addition, there is also an e-
scooter charging station which is a location where e-scooters are collected for
recharging.

Figure 2.6 Picture of micro mobility facilities

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7. Cycling and Pedestrian Facilities:

A bicycle lane is a type of roadway reserved for cyclists only. In Malaysia, cycling lanes
on roads can be strictly limited to cycles (marked with a solid white line and colored
blue, entry by motor vehicles is prohibited) or signs. Lanes or paths designated for
cyclists can also be used by e-scooters. In addition, the sidewalks or sidewalks found in
each building and also on the side of the road are divided according to the appropriate
size (where the use of e-scooters may be regulated).

Figure 2.7 Picture Cycling and Pedestrian Facilities

E-scooters are part of the micro-mobility category and can be integrated into various
transport facilities and infrastructure to provide convenient, eco-friendly, and efficient
transportation options in urban areas. These transport facilities play a crucial role in
facilitating the movement of people and goods, supporting economic activities, and
improving overall connectivity within regions and across the globe. The efficient design
and management of these facilities are essential to ensure smooth and safe transportation
operations.

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2.3 Safety concern of e-scooter toward student

Safety concerns related to e-scooters can be particularly relevant for students, since
many students may use e-scooters as a convenient mode of transportation in and around
college campuses. Here are some examples of safety concerns regarding e-scooters for
students:

i. No use of helmets: Many students do not wear helmets while riding e-scooters,
which can increase the risk of head injuries in the event of an accident.
ii. Inexperienced riders: Some students who are not familiar with e-scooters or have
little riding experience may be prone to accidents due to lack of familiarity with
vehicle handling and control.
iii. Pedestrian safety: E-scooter users who ride e-scooters sharing the road with
pedestrians are at risk for accidents.
iv. Traffic Interaction: In areas where e-scooters share the road with other vehicles,
students may face challenges navigating traffic, making turns or understanding
the right-of-way rules.
v. Poor Road Conditions: Uneven or poorly maintained road surfaces can be
dangerous for e-scooter riders, leading to falls and injuries.
vi. Lack of Proper Infrastructure: If there are no dedicated e-scooter lanes or paths
on campus or in the city, riders may have to share space with pedestrians or
vehicles, increasing the potential for accidents.
vii. Reckless Riding: Students may engage in reckless behavior such as riding at
high speeds, performing stunts or carrying multiple passengers, all of which can
lead to accidents.

Students and e-scooter businesses should encourage safe riding habits, inform users of
safety precautions, and collaborate with educational institutions and local authorities to
implement the necessary laws and infrastructure for e-scooter use in order to address
these safety concerns. To help lower the risk of accidents among students who use e-
scooters, the application encourages the use of helmets, promotes safe riding habits, and
offers instructions to users who are using it for the first time.

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2.4 Best Practice of E-scooter fasilities

Creating e-scooter facilities at a campus requires careful planning to ensure the safety,
convenience, and sustainability of the system. Here are some best practices to
consider:

i. Designated e-scooter parking zone: Create a dedicated e-scooter parking zone

for e-scooters to avoid clutter and ensure they are parked in an orderly manner.
ii. Safety and education: Promote safety by providing educational materials to
riders about the use of e-scooters, including wearing helmets and traffic rules.
Consider offering safety workshops or tutorials online as well as within the e-
scooter app.
iii. Speed limit: Set a speed limit for e-scooters on campus to prevent accidents
and improve pedestrian safety. Low speed mode can be enforced in crowded
areas or near buildings.
iv. Appropriate use areas: Identify prohibited zones where e-scooters are not
allowed, such as certain heavy pedestrian areas or building entrances.
v. Charging stations: Provide charging stations throughout the campus where e-
scooters can be charged and maintained. These stations can be equipped with
renewable energy sources to promote sustainability.
vi. 7. Monitoring and maintenance: Responsible parties should always check and
maintain the e-scooter to ensure it is in good working order. Implement a
system to report damaged or malfunctioning scooters for repair.
vii. 8. Geofencing: Use geofencing technology to control the speed and access of e-
scooters in certain areas, such as crowded areas or less secure locations.
viii. 9. User ID verification: Require users to verify their identity via mobile
application before using the e-scooter. This can help detect abuse and hold
riders accountable for any violations.
ix. 11. Periodic review and feedback: Continuously review the performance of the
e-scooter facility and collect feedback from the campus community to make
improvements to avoid any risks.

By implementing these best practices, your campus can create a well-organized

and safe e-scooter system that benefits the entire community while minimizing
potential drawbacks.

18
2.5 Summary

This chapter has discussed about the various definitions of the students' views on the e-
scooter facility. In addition, this chapter also discusses the pros and cons of e-scooter
facilities for users, especially for UiTM Seri Iskandar students. In addition, this chapter
has also talked about the safety concern of e-scooter towards students, it is very
important to assess the safety level of e-scooter in order to avoid any risk. Finally, best
practice that can be used as an example to be used in the future to be able to improve
the elements or any matter related to the e-scooter facility.

19
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The analysis and findings of the study based on the data collected on the evaluation of the
planning and implementation of the e-scooter facility will be presented in this chapter. The
primary and secondary data obtained during this investigation will then be described in detail.
The data obtained in this study is mainly from UiTM Seri Iskandar students. In this phase, all
information and questionnaires need to be collected for analysis. In addition, the data obtained
will support the goals set in Chapter 1. The results will be obtained after this data is analyzed.
This chapter also contains findings that allow researchers to develop plans to solve problems
and concerns in the study area. This chapter includes questionnaire analysis, which consists of
respondent profile analysis, respondent satisfaction analysis and respondent opinion analysis.
With the format of graphics, tables and charts, the results of the discussion will be presented.

3.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Approaches to research in the field of planning can be done quantitatively and qualitatively
(Creswell, 2003). Quantitative data will provide an overview of the current state of the area,
while qualitative data is relevant to explain why and how something exists and how it changes
over time (Norhafizah & Shamsudin, 2014). In this research, different data sources were studied
to understand the planning and implementation of universal design. The research methodology
of this chapter is based on research that has been carried out in selected areas in Puncak Alam
Municipality which consists of several

The research focuses on evaluating the planning and implementation of e-scooters. Therefore,
this study is based on a quantitative and qualitative approach. Quantitative is an approach that
focuses on the number of respondents and also questions that have a certain amount according
to the number of respondents. Meanwhile, site observation is a way to collect data by observing
the users who use it, where the e-scooter facility is located and the physical characteristics of
the e-scooter in the environment of the UiTM Seri Iskandar area.

20
3.3 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

The case study method is a learning technique where students face specific problems that are
cases. Case studies facilitate the exploration of real issues in a given context, using a variety of
data sources (Baxter et al., 2008). In general, a case study analyzes a defined problem that
consists in a real situation and uses real information as a methodological tool. The selection of
the area that is UiTM Seri Iskandar was made in relation to the purpose of this study, which
aims to evaluate the planning and implementation of e-scooter facilities. The details of the case
study were previously described in Chapter 2.

3.3.1 Site Observation

One of the ways to get primary data is observation. Researchers are required to conduct
observations in a specific field of study. It can help researchers learn and understand
more about people and the situations in which they are involved. In this study, site
observations were conducted within the area of UiTM Seri Iskandar. Observations were
conducted to obtain data on the planning and implementation of e-scooter facilities
within the UiTM Seri Iskandar area.

3.3.2 Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions designed to
obtain information from respondents. Questionnaires can be used as a scientific
instrument to collect data from the public. Questionnaires, as a type of survey, have
many of the same issues with question construction and wording as other types of polls
(Driscoll, 2011). Questionnaires have the significant advantage of allowing data on large
numbers of participants to be collected quickly and relatively inexpensively.
Furthermore, sample sizes can be very broad and geographically diverse. Because of
these clear benefits, the use of questionnaires is a popular strategy (Lammers & Badia,
2005).

In this study, the researcher used an online questionnaire that is Google Form to collect
data. The online questionnaire consists of closed questions, open questions, likert scale
questions and general opinion. The questionnaire is divided into three parts, namely Part
A for the demographic profile of the respondents, Part B for the level of satisfaction of
the respondents and Part C for general opinion.

21
 In analyzing the data, the researcher used Microsoft Excel software and Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive analysis, graphs, charts and tables
were used to analyze the data. Answered questionnaire surveys are transferring data to
an excellent level for proper data aggregation and tabulation. In descriptive statistics all
responses from the studied variables are presented in tabular form. Charts and graphs
are suitable methods of measuring data to analyze dominant numbers. In this case, the
total number of respondents who answered the question was 31 respondents.

3.4 DATA ANALYSIS OF SITE OBSERVATION

The observation method is important because it represents the physical and social aspects of
the study area. Furthermore, this method is used to capture qualitative data graphically. In this
observation method, data collection is used to support the analytical data obtained. In addition,
observation in the study area is important for researchers to identify problems and examine the
situation during the planning and implementation of e-scooter facilities within the UiTM Seri
Iskandar area. The observation results are from a site visit at UiTM Seri Iskandar.

3.4 DATA ANALYSIS OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

The analysis is divided into 3 parts of questions which are Part A, Part B and Part C. Part A
contains an analysis of the demographic profile of the respondents, Part B for an analysis of the
level of satisfaction of the respondents and Part C for a general view.

3.4.1 Analysis on section a of demographic profile

The researcher has collected information about the demographic profile of the
respondents from the data collection. There are several categories of information
collected from the study, namely gender, respondent's current semester, resident status
and respondent's place of residence. A total of 31 respondents' data was analyzed.
Descriptive analysis for all categories is presented in Table 4.2.

22
 i. Analysis Demographhic Profile

CATEGORIES VARIABLE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

Gender Male 14 45.2%

Female 17 54.8%
Total 31 100%
Pra Diploma 0 0
Semester Diploma 27 87.1
Degree 4 12.9
Total 31 100%
Department of Built
College / Faculty Environment Studies 23 74.2%
& Technology 8 25.8%
College of Creative Art
Total 31 100%

Resident Status Residents 16 51.6%

Non-resident 15 48.4%
Total 31 100%

Table 3.1 Analysis Demographhic Profile

Based on the population demographic analysis table, out of a total of 31 respondents, there were
14 (45.2%) male respondents and 17 (54.8%) female respondents who answered the question.
After all, out of the total number of respondents, 27 (87.1%) respondents had a diploma and 4
(12.9) had a degree. Then followed by major respondents, which are as many as 23 (74.2%)
majoring in Department of built studies & technology and as many as 8 (25.8%) respondents
majoring in College of creative art. Finally, of the total number of respondents, 16 (51.6%)
respondents are residents of UiTM Seri Iskandar and more than 15 (48.8%) respondents are
non-residents.

23
 3.4.2 Analysis of secion b, usage and perception level on e - scooter facilities

i. How often do you use the e-scooter facility? / Berapa kerapkah anda menggunakan
fasilti e-skuter?

6.5%
6.5%
22.6%

16.1%

48.4%

Everyday Five times a week Once a week Sometimes Never

Chart 3.1 The percentage of respondents have ever used the e-scooter facility

Based on the chart above, there are as many as 15 (48.4%) respondents who only sometimes
ride the e-scooter facility and it is the highest frequency. Next, a total of 7 (22.6%) respondents
who have never used the e-scooter facility. While a total of 5 (16.1%) respondents only use the
e-scooter facility once a week. In addition, the same frequency is respondents who ride 5 times
a week and every day, which is as many as 2 (6.5%) respondents who use the e-scooter.

24
 ii. Do you agree if the e-scooter facility on campus provides good benefits for users?
/Adakah anda setuju sekiranya fasiliti e-skuter di kampus memberikan manfaat yang
baik bagi pengguna?

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.2 The percentage of respondents have ever used the e-scooter facility

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is strongly agree, which is as many
as 18 (58.1%) respondents who strongly agree with the question. While the second highest
frequency is agreeing with the question, which is as many as 11 (35.5%) respondents. Next, the
same frequency of 1 (3.2%) respondents answered neutrally and disagreed with the question.
Finally, no respondent chose a strongly disagree answer.

iii. Your level of satisfaction with the quality of the e-scooters provided in the campus? /
Adakah anda setuju dengan tahap kepuasan kualiti e-skuter yang disediakan di kampus?

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.3 The percentage of quality of the e-scooters provided in the campus

25
Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is strongly agree, which is as many
as 13 (41.9%) respondents who strongly agree with the question. While the second highest
frequency is agreeing with the question, which is as many as 10 (32.3%) respondents. Next,
respondents who answered neutral were 7 (22.6) respondents. While the respondents who
answered not agreed were 1 (3.2%) respondents. Lastly is strongly not agreed which no
respondent chose.

iv. Does the e-scooter facility on campus improve the efficiency of student movement and
transportation? / Adakah kemudahan e-skuter di kampus meningkatkan kecekapan
pergerakan dan pengangkutan pelajar?
25 v.

20

15

10

0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.4 The percentage of quality of the e-scooters provided in the campus

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is strongly agree, which is 20
(64.5%) respondents who strongly agree with the question. While the second highest frequency
is agreeing with the question which is 9 (29%) respondents. The frequency with the same
amount is neutral and disagree with this question, which is one (3.2%) respondent. Finally, no
respondent chose to strongly disagree.

26
 vi. The use of e-scooter facilities on campus is an environmentally friendly and sustainable
option? / Penggunaan kemudahan e-skuter di kampus adalah pilihan yang mesra alam
dan mampan?.

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.5 The percentage of is e-scooter friendly and sustainable

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is strongly agree, which is 17
(54.8%) respondents who strongly agree with the question. While the second highest frequency
is agreeing with the question which is 9 (29%) respondents. Next, a total of 3 (9.7%)
respondents chose a neutral answer. Meanwhile, as many as 2 (6.5%) respondents who chose
the answer did not agree with the question. Finally, no respondent chose to strongly disagree.

vii. Is the level of the system used for the e-scooter simple? / Adakah tahap sistem
yang digunakan pakai untuk e-skuter mudah?

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.6 The percentage of e-scooter system

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is strongly agree, which is 14
(45.2%) respondents who strongly agree with the question. While the second highest frequency
is agreeing with the question which is 9 (29%) respondents. Next, a total of 5 (16.1%)
respondents chose a neutral answer. Meanwhile, a total of 2 (6.5%) respondents who chose the
answer did not agree with the question. Finally, a total of 1 (3.2) respondents who chose the
answer strongly disagreed.
27
viii. What is the safety level of the e-scooter facility on campus? / Bagaimana tahap
keselamatan fasiliti e-skuter di kampus?
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.7 The percentage of e-scooter safety level

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is neutral, which is 13 (41.9%)
respondents. While the second highest frequency is strongly agree with the question which is 8
(25.8%) respondents. Next, a total of 6 (19.4%) respondents chose to disagree. Meanwhile, a
total of 4 (12.9%) respondents who chose the answer agreed with the question. Finally, no
respondent chose strongly disagree for this question.

ix. Do you feel safe when using the e-scooter facility on campus? / Adakah anda berasa
selamat ketika menggunakan fasiliti e-skuter di kampus?

12

10

0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.8 The percentage of safety level when using e-scooter

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is neutral, which is 12 (38.7%)
respondents. While the second highest frequency is agreeing with the question which is 7
(22.6%) respondents. Next, a total of 6 (19.4%) respondents chose the answer strongly agree.
Meanwhile, a total of 5 (16.1%) respondents who chose the answer agreed with the question.
Finally, a total of 1 (3.2%) who chose the answer strongly disagreed with this question.

28
 x. Are existing routes used by e-scooters safe? / Adakah laluan sedia ada yang digunakan
oleh e-skuter selamat?
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.9 The percentage of safety of existing road

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is neutral, which is 11 (35.5%)
respondents. While there are two answers that have the same frequency, which are disagree and
strongly agree, which is a total of 6 (19.4) respondents. Next, as many as 4 (12.4%) respondents
who chose the agree answer. Finally, 4 (12.9%) respondents who chose the answer strongly
disagreed.

xi. The e-scooter users on campus obey traffic rules and applicable guidelines? / Sejauh
mana anda berpendapat bahwa pengguna e-skuter di kampus mematuhi aturan lalu lintas
dan panduan yang berlaku?
12

10

0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.10 The percentage of e-scooter user obey traffic rules

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is agree, which is 10 (32.3%) respondents.
While there are two answers that have the same frequency, which are strongly agree and disagree,
which is a total of 8 (25.8%) respondents. Next, as many as 4 (12.4%) respondents who chose the
agree answer. Finally, 1 (3.2%) respondents chose the answer strongly disagree.
29
xii. Is the attitude of e-scooter users on campus to use the road responsibly? / Adakah
sikap pengguna e-skuter di kampus menggunakan jalan dengan bertanggung jawab?

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.11 The percentage of attitude user use the road

Based on the chart above, the highest frequency of answers is agree, which is 10 (32.3%)
respondents. While there are two answers that have the same frequency, which are strongly agree
and disagree, which is a total of 8 (25.8%) respondents. Next, as many as 4 (12.4%) respondents
who chose the agree answer. Finally, 1 (3.2%) respondents chose the answer strongly disagree.

xiii. Are the e-scooter users on campus using the e-scooter facility well? / Adakah
pengguna e-skuter di kampus menggunakan fasiliti e-skuter dengan baik?

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly not Not agreed Neutral Agreed Strongly agreed
agreed

Chart 3.12 The percentage of users use e-scooters well

Based on the chart above, the highest response frequency is strongly agree, which is 12 (38.7%)
respondents. While there were 10 (32.3%) respondents who chose a neutral answer. Next, 7
(22.6%) respondents who chose an answer agreed with this question. In addition, a total of 2
(6.5%) respondents who chose the answer do not agree with this question. Finally, no
respondent chose a strongly disagree answer.

30
3.4.3 Analysis On Section C Of Option And Recommendation From Respondent

i. State the problem faced when using the e-scooter facilities on campus and what are your
suggestions for improving the facilities of this e-scooter? Nyatakan masalah yang
dihadapi semasa menggunakan kemudahan e-skuter di kampus dan apakah cadangan
anda untuk menambah baik kemudahan e-skuter ini?

No Respondent's opinion
1 The e-scooter route is mixed with other vehicles such as cars and motorbikes
2 Limited e-scooter parking
3 Bad road structure
4 The price is too expensive for students
Table 3.2 Analysis of respondent’s opinion

According to respondents' opinions about issues and problems when using the e-scooter facility
at UiTM Seri Iskandar. The first opinion issue for UiTM Seri Iskandar students is sharing the
route with other vehicles. This problem is a big problem for e-scooter users because it does not
guarantee the safety of users to use it. Other vehicles such as cars and motorbikes also need to
be wary of e-scooter users when they see e-scooters on the road. A narrow path will also make
it difficult for other vehicles to pass because it is necessary to give way to e-scooter users to go
through it first, especially cars. In addition, motorists also need to be aware of e-scooter users
when passing next to them. So, motorcyclists should ride slowly and carefully if they want to
overtake an e-scooter.

The second issue raised by e-scooter users is limited e-scooter parking. The total number of e-
scooter parking spaces is 20, but although the number of e-scooter parking spaces is large, the
parking is not widespread and insufficient. There are still places that users feel are suitable and
should be advertised in a few more places for example near the dining hall of Kolej Indera
Mulia and also the front door of UiTM Seri Iskandar. Not only is the e-scooter parking space
limited, but there is also another problem, namely, the small e-scooter parking space. There are
some e-scooter parking spaces that only have a small compartment which makes it unable to
accommodate the quantity that can be used to park the e-scooter.

31
The third issue is the poor road structure. This problem can also bring danger and risk for the
user to have an accident. With potholes, roads that are not paved properly, humps that are too
high and hazards will pose a risk to users. If the user goes through such a road, it will be risky
for the user to lose control and will cause an accident. It will be more dangerous if the user is
just learning or using it for the first time. They will be more at risk of having an accident if they
cannot control the e-scooter when passing through a bad road.

The last issue is that the price is too expensive for consumers. As you know, the majority of
users who use this e-scooter are students. So, the responsible party should check or ask the
students the appropriate price to be charged when using the e-scooter. If the set price is cheap,
it is likely that more students will ride the e-scooter.

ii. Are there enough e-scooter parking areas for e-scooters? if not, where would be a good
place to add e-scooter parking? / Adakah terdapat kawasan tempat letak e-skuter yang
mencukupi untuk e-skuter? jika tidak, di manakah tempat yang sesuai untuk menambah
tempat letak e-skuter?

22

enough/mencukupi not enough/ tidak mencukupi

Chart 3.13 e-scooter parking sufficient or not

No Respondent's opinion
1 in every faculty building
2 in every college dining hall

32
There are nine (9) respondents who feel that the e-scooter parking space is still sufficient and
there is no need to add more. But the remaining respondents, which are 22 respondents who
want to increase the e-scooter parking space.

Among the places where respondents want to add e-scooter parking is, in each faculty block.
There are several faculty blocks that do not have e-scooter parking spaces, namely in the fine
art faculty. This will make it a constraint for respondents from fine art to ride an e-scooter.

Next, the area that needs to be added where e-scooters can be placed is in each college dining
hall block, which is in the dining hall of Indera Mulia College and also the dining hall of Koleh
Pasir Salak. This makes it difficult for students to park the e-scooter. If students park their e-
scooters in their proper places, they will be fined and charged in the e-beam application. This
will cause them to have to park the e-scooter far from the dining hall.

iii. Is the e-scooter system easy to use? If not, give your suggestions to improve the system.
/ Adakah sistem e-skuter tersebut senang digunakan? Jika tidak, berikan cadangan anda
untuk menambahbaik sistem tersebut.

14
17

easy/ mudah not easy/ tidak mudah

Chart 3.14 The percentage of level of e-scooter easy or not

There are 17 respondents who are happy to use the e-scooter application. The rest of the
respondents answered that it was difficult to use it. This is because the application is slow to
detect and scan the QR code to start riding the e-scooter. In addition, users feel hesitant to use
it because if they use the e-scooter for the first time, the e-scooter application will charge more
money than it should. Respondents also answered that the price that was rejected or charged
was not reasonable with the time used to ride the e-scooter.

33
 iv. Will you recommend this e-scooter facility to your friend? Please rate from 0(no) to 10
(thoroughly recommended). / Adakah anda akan mengesyorkan kemudahan e-skuter ini
kepada rakan anda? Sila nilaikan daripada 0(tidak) hingga 10 (sangat disyorkan).

Rating Total
5 5
6 5
7 3
8 6
9 5
10 7
TOTAL 31
Table 3.3 Table of recommend e-scooter to other

The majority of respondents answered yes and would recommend to share or promote their
friends to ride the e-scooter. The majority of respondents who gave a high value of (10) were 7
respondents. The lowest number is (5), which is a total of 5 respondents. Although they give a
value of 5, but they still recommend their friends to use the e-scooter facility.

3.5 FINDING

The survey period is from 15 and 16 July 2023. Most of the respondents are women, 17
respondents (54.8%) and in terms of semester, respondents with diploma semesters answered
this question the most. Next, all respondents know about the facility of this e-scooter. Most of
them are also satisfied with the e-scooter facility created because it can provide convenience to
students who need to walk to go to the place they want to go.

As discussed previously, the main purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of e-
scooter facilities at UiTM Seri Iskandar. Based on the researcher's best justification in the
previous literature analysis regarding e-scooters, there is no previous study conducted at UiTM
Seri Iskandar. Therefore, the findings of this study are considered as new findings in the
literature.

34
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the researcher will review the objectives of the study and present relevant
conclusions from the findings. Not only that, this chapter will also take into account some
suggestions shared by some respondents who have given the best cooperation during the on-
site survey. Next, the contribution of this study will be discussed by recommending strategies
to stakeholders, local authorities or any individual. The recommendations must be related to the
issues and logically can be proposed to solve all the issues. There is a concerted effort made to
study students' perceptions of e-scooter facilities, especially within the UiTM Seri Iskandar
area. Therefore, the researcher will suggest some future studies to be conducted on the e-scooter
facility. The suggestions proposed for this study are related to the study, namely the findings
and nature of the study. With all possible suggestions will solve the issues and archive the main
goals and objectives of this project.

4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDING

The purpose of summarizing the results of this section is to explain the most important findings
of the entire chapter in this study. In chapter one, the problem statement that has been identified
shows that the student's perception of the e-scooter facility is important. In addition, chapter
two of the literature that contains aspects related to e-scooters, namely the appearance or
physical characteristics, e-scooter facilities and also aspects of student safety against e-scooters.

In addition, the research method used is observation and questionnaire. This questionnaire was
distributed to UiTM Seri Iskandar students by sharing the google form link with them. This
method is the easiest way to get correct and authentic and up-to-date information. This
observation and questionnaire was conducted on 15 and 16 July 2023.

In addition, the findings of chapter three are based on a questionnaire conducted to 31

respondents at UiTM Seri Iskandar which can be formulated based on issues and
recommendations. In general, referring to the results of the questionnaire, some respondents are
satisfied with the existence of this e-scooter facility because it can provide facilities for them to
move more quickly from one place to another. In addition, there were a few respondents who
raised issues that the responsible party should take action on such as poor road conditions,
sharing the route with other vehicles, prices that are too expensive for students and limited
parking spaces for e-scooters.
35
4.3 RECOMMENDATION

This recommendation is being given in accordance with the perceptions of the survey
respondents and the findings. This proposal also ensures that the aims and objectives of this
study will be achieved.

Here are some recommendations that can solve the issues for this study: -

i. Make a special path for e-scooters

Although it is quite difficult to add a special route for e-scooters due to the condition of
the road which is quite narrow and small, the responsible party can make a line or sign
that the marked route is an e-scooter lane and other vehicles should be more careful and
give way to e-scooters first. If the e-scooter route marking is done, then it will also give
an advantage to cyclists who bring bicycles within the Uitm Seri Iskandar area.

Figure 4.1 Example of path for e-scooter

36
ii. Adding and expanding e-scooter parking

By adding e-scooter parking in a few more areas, it will give an advantage to users to
ride the e-scooter because they do not need to park the e-scooter far from where they
want to go and walk. The place where many users want to add e-scooter parking is in
each faculty block and also in each college dining hall block. It can help them to move
faster during breaks because they can go from the faculty block to the college dining
hall block.

Figure 4.2 Example of e-scooter parking

iii. Poor roadway structure

Bad road structure can give e-scooter users the risk of accidents. For example, uneven
road structures, potholes and even humps that are too high. It can present an accident
risk to e-scooter users. So to overcome this problem, the responsible party should
improve the poor road structure and lower existing humps in some areas. Warning signs
also need to be increased to warn road users. Especially at night which limits the user's
view to see if the road is good or otherwise.

Figure 4.3 Example of roadway structure

37
4.4 SUMMARY

As discussed throughout this research chapter, it can be concluded that all objectives and goals
have been achieved, and the main findings contribute to the literature as new findings because
no previous research was conducted in Seri Iskandar. The contribution of this study has been
discussed in terms of recommending strategies to stakeholders or any other individual or group
of individuals. A concerted effort has been taken to take seriously the issues developed by
students regarding e-scooter facilities in order to improve and provide the best facilities to
UiTM Seri Iskandar students.

In conclusion, all the suggestions presented are to achieve the goals and objectives of this study
to solve the issues and problems faced by e-scooter users. This study also aims to evaluate the
satisfaction and also the user's view of the e-scooter facility. The three problem statements
mentioned in chapter one are, sharing the path with other vehicles, poor road structure and
limited e-scooter parking. To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, this topic or concern
is studied. This matter is discussed in the literature review based on the publications and
journals referred to for this study. According to the chapter, the user's point of view should be
emphasized in this issue.

The most effective means of depicting human well-being in urban planning should be used and
practiced. Practitioners should use the most effective strategies to incorporate human well-being
into urban planning. The objective of this study is to design a better e-scooter facility and
improve the overall user experience and happiness.

38
5.0 REFERENCES

i. Maria Kjaerup, Mikael B Skov, Niels van Berkel ( August 2021) E-scooter Sustainability –
A Clash of Needs, Perspective, and Experiences
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354121827_E-Scooter_Sustainability_-
_A_Clash_of_Needs_Perspectives_and_Experiences

ii. Dwi Aprianto, (2017) Literature Riview of Perception

https://repository.ump.ac.id/1798/3/Dwi%20Aprianto_CHAPTER%20II.pdf

iii. Syafri Samsudin, Zakri Tarmidi, Nurul Hana Adi Maimun, Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Noor
(December 2021), Research Gate, Assessing Safety Level of UTM Campus Based on Safe
City Concept
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357294421_ASSESSING_SAFETY_LEVEL_O
F_UTM_CAMPUS_BASED_ON_SAFE_CITY_CONCEPTS

iv. Kirk, N. L. (1988). Factors affecting perceptions of safety in a campus environment.

EDRA: Environmental Design Research Association, 19, 215–221.

v. Shepherd Center, Geogia Governor’s Office of Highway Safety (GOHS) (Jun 2021) Five
Electronic Scooter Safety Tips for College Students on Campus.
https://www.scootsafega.com/five-electric-scooter-safety-tips-for-college-students-on-
campus/

vi. Prashant Dedhia, Jun 2019, The History of Electric Scooters

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/history-electric-scooters-prashant-dedhia-negotiation-
ninja-/

vii. Corneluis Hardt, Klaus Bogenberger, November 2018, Research Gate, Usage of e-scooter
in Uban Environment
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328801770_Usage_of_e-
Scooters_in_Urban_Environments

viii. Linchuan Yang, 2022, Research Gate, Impact of Road Features on shared e-scooter trip
volume: A Study base on multiple membership multilevel model
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359892014_Impact_of_road_features_on_shared
_e-scooter_trip_volume_A_study_based_on_multiple_membership_multilevel_model

39
 ix. Natalia Zuniga, Mauricio Tec, James G Scott, Randy B.Machemeh, Jun 2022, Research
Gate, Evaluation of e-scooter as transit last-mile solution
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360021749_Evaluation_of_e-
scooters_as_transit_last-mile_solution

x. Segway Philippines, 10 Benefits of an Electric Scooter, December 2008

https://simplymoving.com.ph/blog/10-benefits-of-an-electric-
scooter/#:~:text=Key%20Takeaway,so%20popular%20in%20urban%20use.

xi. What is positive and negative perception theory? ,

http://repositori.unsil.ac.id/5916/6/11%20Chapter%202.pdf

xii. Edward Finch, Xiaoling Zhang, November 2013, Facilities Management

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279577203_Facilities_Management

xiii. Transport, Wikipedia, March 2020,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport#:~:text=Transport%20infrastructure%20consists%
20of%20both,fuel%20stations)%2C%20and%20seaports.

xiv. Manoj Sharma, % Commonly Used Transport Modes,

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/geography/transportation/5-commonly-used-transport-
modes/49185#:~:text=These%20most%20common%20five%20modes,%2C%20airways%
2C%20waterways%20and%20pipelines.

xv. Reinhardt, Karl, Deakin, Elizabeth, SM, J.d, 2020, Best Practice for the Public
Management of Electric Scooter
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x67x360

40
6.0 APPENDICES

41
 DIPLOMA IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING,
DEPARTMENT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDIES & TECHNOLOGY,
UITM PERAK BRANCH, SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS.

STUDENTS’ USAGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS

E-SCOOTER FACILITIES IN CAMPUS: A CASE STUDY OF
UiTM SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK BRANCH.

The purpose of this study is to obtain an empirical investigation of the students’ usage and perception
towards e-scooter facilities in campus: a case study of UiTM Seri Iskandar, Perak branch. I would greatly
appreciate if you could participate in the survey by completing the following questionnaire.
This questionnaire only takes about 5 minutes of your time. All information gathered from the
questionnaire will be used only for academic purpose.

Tujuan kajian ini pada dasarnya adalah untuk menjalankan siasatan tentang Persepsi dan tingkah
laku pelajar terhadap fasiliti e-skuter di kampus: kajian kes di UiTM Seri Iskandar cawangan Perak.
Kami sangat menghargai jika anda boleh mengambil bahagian dalam tinjauan dengan
melengkapkan soal selidik berikut.
Soal selidik ini hanya mengambil masa selama 5 minit. Semua maklumat yang diperoleh dari soal
selidik hanya akan digunakan untuk tujuan akademik

Place/Tempat: UiTM Seri Iskandar, Perak Branch

Date/Tarikh: _____________________

Student/Pelajar: NUR LYANA AMISHA BINTI NOR HAIZAN

Student ID/ ID Pelajar: 2020613552
Phone Number/Nombor Telefon: 013-3411092

42
 SECTION A: RESPONDENTS’ BACKGROUND / LATAR BELAKANG RESPONDEN

1. Gender / Jantina
Male / Lelaki
Female / Perempuan

2. Semester / Semester
Pra Diploma
Diploma

Degree
Part / Bahagian: _______

3. College or Faculty / Kolej atau Fakulti

Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology / Jabatan Alam Bina
College of Creative Art / Kolej Seni Kreatif

4. Residents Status / Status Penduduk

Residents / Pemastautin
Non – Resident / Bukan Pemastautin

5. If you choose residents, please state your residential college / Jika anda memilih rsidents, sila
nyatakan kolej kediaman anda.
____________________________________________________________________________

6. If you choose Non Resident, please state your currently home address / Jika anda memilih bukan-
residen, sila nyatakan alamat rumah anda.
_____________________________________________________________________________

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 SECTION B: USAGE AND PERCEPTION LEVEL ON E-SCOOTER FACILITIES / TAHAP
PENGGUNAAN DAN PERSEPSI TERHADAP KEMUDAHAN E-SKUTER

1. How often do you use the e-scooter facility? / Berapa kerapkah anda menggunakan fasilti e-skuter
Every day / Setiap hari
Five times a week / Lima kali seminggu
Once a week / Sekali seminggu
Sometimes / Kadang - kadang
Never / Tidak pernah

2. Please assess the level of user safety for the e-scooter facility at UiTM Seri Iskandar. / Sila menilai
tentang tahap keselamatan pengguna terhadap fasiliti e-skuter di UiTM Seri Iskandar.

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Not Not Agree / Neutral / Neutral Agreed / Strongly Agreed /

Agreed / Sangat Tidak Setuju Bersetuju Sangat Setuju
Tidak Setuju

Perception / Persepsi

The e-scooter facility on campus provides good benefits for

users? / Sejauh mana anda berpendapat fasiliti e-skuter di
kampus memberikan manfaat yang baik bagi pengguna?

Your level of satisfaction with the quality of the e-scooters

provided in the campus? / Tahap kepuasan anda dengan
kualiti e-skuter yang disediakan di kampus?

Does the e-scooter facility on campus improve the

efficiency of student movement and transportation? /
Adakah kemudahan e-skuter di kampus meningkatkan
kecekapan pergerakan dan pengangkutan pelajar?

The use of e-scooter facilities on campus is an

environmentally friendly and sustainable option? /
Penggunaan kemudahan e-skuter di kampus adalah pilihan
yang mesra alam dan mampan?

What level of system is used for e-scooters? / Apakah tahap

sistem yang digunakan pakai untuk e-skuter?

44
3. Please assess the level of user safety for the e-scooter facility at UiTM Seri Iskandar. / Sila menilai
tentang tahap keselamatan pengguna terhadap fasiliti e-skuter di UiTM Seri Iskandar.

1 2 3 4 5

Very Unsafe / Not Safe / Tidak A little Safe / Safe / Selamat Very Safe /
Sangat Tidak Selamat Sedikit Selamat Sangat Selamat
Selamat

Safety / Keselamatan

What is the safety level of the e-scooter facility on campus?

/ Bagaimana tahap keselamatan fasiliti e-skuter di kampus?

Do you feel safe when using the e-scooter facility on

campus? / Adakah anda berasa selamat ketika
menggunakan fasiliti e-skuter di kampus?

Are existing routes used by e-scooters safe? / Adakah

laluan sedia ada yang digunakan oleh e-skuter selamat?

4. Please evaluate the level of user behavior towards the e-scooter facility at UiTM Seri Iskandar. /
Sila menilai tentang tahap tingkah laku pengguna terhadap fasiliti e-skuter di UiTM Seri Iskandar.

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Not Not Agree / Neutral / Neutral Agreed / Strongly Agreed /

Agreed / Sangat Tidak Setuju Bersetuju Sangat Setuju
Tidak Setuju

Bahaviours / Tingkah Laku

The e-scooter users on campus obey traffic rules and

applicable guidelines? / Sejauh mana anda berpendapat
bahwa pengguna e-skuter di kampus mematuhi aturan lalu
lintas dan panduan yang berlaku?

Is the attitude of e-scooter users on campus to use the road

responsibly? / Adakah sikap pengguna e-skuter di kampus
menggunakan jalan dengan bertanggung jawab?

Are the e-scooter users on campus using the e-scooter

facility well? / Adakah pengguna e-skuter di kampus
menggunakan fasiliti e-skuter dengan baik?

45
 SECTION C: OPTION AND RECOMMENDATION / PILIHAN DAN CADANGAN

1. State the problem faced when using the e-scooter facilities on campus and what are your
suggestions for improving the facilities of this e-scooter? Nyatakan masalah yang dihadapi semasa
menggunakan kemudahan e-skuter di kampus dan apakah cadangan anda untuk menambah baik
kemudahan e-skuter ini?
_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Is there enough parking spot area for the e-scooter? if not, where do you want to add the e-scooter
parking? / Adakah terdapat kawasan tempat letak kereta yang mencukupi untuk e-skuter? kalau tak,
mana nak tambah parking e-scooter?
________________________________________________________________________________

3. Is the e-scooter system easy to use? If not, give your suggestions to improve the system. / Adakah
sistem e-skuter tersebut senang digunakan? Jika tidak, berikan cadangan anda untuk menambahbaik
sistem tersebut.
________________________________________________________________________________

4. Will you recommend this e-scooter facility to your friend? Please rate from 0(no) to 10 (thoroughly
recommended). / Adakah anda akan mengesyorkan kemudahan e-skuter ini kepada rakan anda? Sila
nilaikan daripada 0(tidak) hingga 10 (sangat disyorkan).
_________________________________________________________________________________

46