PMT

Camb rid ge International AS & A Level

BIOLOGY 9700/02
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions For examination from 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 60
Specimen
This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
© UCLES 2019 [ Turn over
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Generic Marking Principles

T h e s e g e n e r a l m a r k in g p r in c ip le s m u s t b e a p p lie d b y a ll e x a m in e r s w h e n m a r k in g c a n d id a te a n s w e r s . T h e y s h o u ld b e a p p lie d a lo n g s id e th e s p e c ific

c o n t e n t o f t h e m a r k s c h e m e o r g e n e r i c l e v e l d e s c r i p t o r s f o r a q u e s t i o n . Ea c h q u e s t i o n p a p e r a n d m a r k s c h e m e w i l l a l s o c o m p l y w i t h t h e s e m a r k i n g
p r in c ip le s .

G EN ER I C M A R K I N G P R I N CI P LE 1:

M a r k s m u s t b e a w a r d e d in lin e w ith :

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
• th e s p e c ific c o n te n t o f th e m a r k s c h e m e o r th e g e n e r ic le v e l d e s c r ip to r s fo r th e q u e s tio n
• th e s p e c ific s k ills d e fin e d in th e m a r k s c h e m e o r in th e g e n e r ic le v e l d e s c r ip to r s fo r th e q u e s tio n
• th e s ta n d a r d o f r e s p o n s e r e q u ir e d b y a c a n d id a te a s e x e m p lifie d b y th e s ta n d a r d is a tio n s c r ip ts .
G EN ER I C M A R K I N G P R I N CI P LE 2:

M a r k s a w a r d e d a r e a l w a y s whole marks ( n o t h a l f m a r k s , o r o t h e r f r a c t i o n s ) .

SPECIMEN
G EN ER I C M A R K I N G P R I N CI P LE 3 :
P a g e 2 o f 16

M a r k s m u s t b e a w a r d e d positively:

• m a rk s a r e a w a rd e d fo r c o r r e c t/v a lid a n s w e r s , a s d e fin e d in th e m a r k s c h e m e . H o w e v e r, c r e d it is g iv e n fo r v a lid a n s w e r s w h ic h g o b e y o n d th e

s c o p e o f th e s y lla b u s a n d m a rk s c h e m e , re fe r r i n g t o y o u r T e a m Le a d e r a s a p p r o p r i a t e

l – M a r k Sch
• m a rk s a r e a w a rd e d w h e n c a n d id a te s c le a r ly d e m o n s tra te w h a t th e y k n o w a n d c a n d o
• m a rk s a r e n o t d e d u c te d fo r e rro rs
• m a rk s a r e n o t d e d u c te d fo r o m is s io n s
• a n s w e rs s h o u ld o n ly b e ju d g e d o n th e q u a lity o f s p e llin g , p u n c tu a tio n a n d g r a m m a r w h e n th e s e fe a tu r e s a r e s p e c ific a lly a s s e s s e d b y th e
q u e s tio n a s in d ic a te d b y th e m a rk s c h e m e . T h e m e a n in g , h o w e v e r, s h o u ld b e u n a m b ig u o u s .

e m e
G EN ER I C M A R K I N G P R I N CI P LE 4 :

R u le s m u s t b e a p p lie d c o n s is te n tly e .g . in s itu a tio n s w h e r e c a n d id a te s h a v e n o t fo llo w e d in s tr u c tio n s o r in th e a p p lic a tio n o f g e n e r ic le v e l

d e s c r ip to r s .

F o r e xa
G EN ER I C M A R K I N G P R I N CI P LE 5 :

f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
M a r k s s h o u ld b e a w a r d e d u s in g th e fu ll r a n g e o f m a r k s d e fin e d in th e m a r k s c h e m e fo r th e q u e s tio n ( h o w e v e r ; th e u s e o f th e fu ll m a r k r a n g e m a y
b e lim ite d a c c o r d in g to th e q u a lity o f th e c a n d id a te r e s p o n s e s s e e n ) .

PMT
 G EN ER I C M A R K I N G P R I N CI P LE 6 :
97 00/ 02

M a r k s a w a r d e d a r e b a s e d s o le ly o n th e r e q u ir e m e n ts a s d e fin e d in th e m a r k s c h e m e . M a r k s s h o u ld n o t b e a w a r d e d w ith g r a d e th r e s h o ld s o r g r a d e

© UCLES 2019
d e s c r ip to r s in m in d .

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Ex a m i n e r s s h o u l d c o n s i d e r t h e c o n t e x t a n d s c i e n t i f i c u s e o f a n y k e y w o r d s w h e n a w a r d i n g m a r k s . A l t h o u g h k e y w o r d s m a y b e p r e s e n t , m a r k s
s h o u ld n o t b e a w a r d e d if th e k e y w o r d s a r e u s e d in c o r r e c tly .
2 T h e e x a m in e r s h o u ld n o t c h o o s e b e tw e e n c o n tr a d ic to r y s ta te m e n ts g iv e n in th e s a m e q u e s tio n p a r t, a n d c r e d it s h o u ld n o t b e a w a r d e d fo r a n y
c o r r e c t s ta te m e n t th a t is c o n tr a d ic te d w ith in th e s a m e q u e s tio n p a r t. W r o n g s c ie n c e th a t is ir r e le v a n t to th e q u e s tio n s h o u ld b e ig n o r e d .
3 A lth o u g h s p e llin g s d o n o t h a v e to b e c o r r e c t, s p e llin g s o f s y lla b u s te r m s m u s t a llo w fo r c le a r a n d u n a m b ig u o u s s e p a r a tio n fr o m o th e r s y lla b u s
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).
4 T h e e r r o r c a r r ie d fo r w a r d ( e c f) p r in c ip le s h o u ld b e a p p lie d , w h e r e a p p r o p r ia te . If a n in c o r r e c t a n s w e r is s u b s e q u e n tly u s e d in a s c ie n tific a lly
c o r r e c t w a y , th e c a n d id a te s h o u ld b e a w a r d e d th e s e s u b s e q u e n t m a r k in g p o in ts . F u r th e r g u id a n c e w ill b e in c lu d e d in th e m a r k s c h e m e w h e r e
n e c e s s a r y a n d a n y e x c e p tio n s to th is g e n e r a l p r in c ip le w ill b e n o te d .

P a g e 3 o f 16
5 ‘ Li s t r u l e ’ g u i d a n c e ( s e e e x a m p l e s b e l o w )
SPECIMEN
Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve

F o r q u e s t i o n s t h a t r e q u i r e n r e s p o n s e s ( e . g . St a t e two r e a s o n s … ):

• T h e r e s p o n s e s h o u ld b e r e a d a s c o n tin u o u s p r o s e , e v e n w h e n n u m b e r e d a n s w e r s p a c e s a r e p r o v id e d
• A n y re s p o n s e m a rk e d ignore i n t h e m a r k s c h e m e s h o u ld n o t c o u n t to w a r d s n
l – M a r k Sch

• In c o rre c t re s p o n s e s s h o u ld n o t b e a w a r d e d c r e d it b u t w ill s till c o u n t to w a r d s n

• R e a d th e e n tir e r e s p o n s e to c h e c k fo r a n y re s p o n s e s t h a t c o n t r a d i c t t h o s e t h a t w o u l d o t h e r w i s e b e c r e d i t e d . Cr e d i t s h o u l d not b e a w a r d e d
e m e

fo r a n y re s p o n s e s th a
tr e a te d a s a s in g le in c
• N o n - c o n tr a d ic to r y r e s
t a r e c o n tr a d ic te d w ith in th e r e s t o f th e r e s p o n s e . W h e r e tw o r e s p o n s e s c o n tr a d ic t o n e a n o th e r, th is s h o u ld b e
o rre c t re s p o n s e
p o n s e s a fte r th e fir s t nr e s p o n s e s m a y b e ig n o r e d e v e n if th e y in c lu d e in c o r r e c t s c ie n c e .
m in a tio n F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
PMT
 6 Ca l c u l a t i o n s p e c i f i c g u i d a n c e
97 00/ 02

Co r r e c t a n s w e r s t o c a l c u l a t i o n s s h o u l d b e g i v e n f u l l c r e d i t e v e n i f t h e r e i s n o w o r k i n g o r i n c o r r e c t w o r k i n g , unless t h e q u e s t i o n s t a t e s ‘ s h o w

© UCLES 2019
y o u r w o r k in g ’.

F o r q u e s tio n s in w h ic h th e n u m b e r o f s ig n ific a n t fig u r e s r e q u ir e d is n o t s ta te d , c r e d it s h o u ld b e a w a r d e d fo r c o r r e c t a n s w e r s w h e n r o u n d e d b y

th e e x a m in e r to th e n u m b e r o f s ig n ific a n t fig u r e s g iv e n in th e m a r k s c h e m e . T h is m a y n o t a p p ly to m e a s u r e d v a lu e s .

F o r a n s w e r s g i v e n i n s t a n d a r d f o r m , ( e . g . a × 10n ) i n w h i c h t h e c o n v e n t i o n o f r e s t r i c t i n g t h e v a l u e o f t h e c o e f f i c i e n t ( a) t o a v a l u e b e t w e e n 1
a n d 10 i s n o t f o l l o w e d , c r e d i t m a y s t i l l b e a w a r d e d i f t h e a n s w e r c a n b e c o n v e r t e d t o t h e a n s w e r g i v e n i n t h e m a r k s c h e m e .

Un l e s s a s e p a r a t e m a r k i s g i v e n f o r a u n i t , a m i s s i n g o r i n c o r r e c t u n i t w i l l n o r m a l l y m e a n t h a t t h e f i n a l c a l c u l a t i o n m a r k i s n o t a w a r d e d .
Ex c e p t i o n s t o t h i s g e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e w i l l b e n o t e d i n t h e m a r k s c h e m e .
7 G u id a n c e fo r c h e m ic a l e q u a tio n s

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

St a t e s y m b o l s g i v e n i n a n e q u a t i o n s h o u l d b e i g n o r e d u n l e s s a s k e d f o r i n t h e q u e s t i o n o r s t a t e d o t h e r w i s e i n t h e m a r k s c h e m e .

P a g e 4 o f 16
SPECIMEN
Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve

M a r k s c h e m e a b b r e v ia tio n s :

; s e p a r a te s m a r k in g p o in ts
/ s e p a r a te s a lte r n a tiv e s w ith in a m a r k in g p o in t
R r e je c t
l – M a r k Sch

I ig n o r e m a r k a s if th is m a te r ia l w a s n o t p r e s e n t
A a c c e p t ( a le s s th a n id e a l a n s w e r w h ic h s h o u ld b e m a r k e d )
e m e

COND in d ic a te s m a r k is c o n d itio n a l o n p r e v io u s m a r k in g p o in t
OWTTE o r w o r d s to th a t e ffe c t ( a c c e p t o th e r w a y s o f e x p r e s s in g th e s a m e id e a )
AW a lte r n a tiv e w o r d in g ( w h e r e r e s p o n s e s v a r y m o r e th a n u s u a l)
UNDERLINE a c tu a l w o r d g iv e n m u s t b e u s e d b y c a n d id a te ( g r a m m a tic a l v a r ia n ts a c c e p te d )
max in d ic a te s th e m a x im u m n u m b e r o f m a r k s th a t c a n b e a w a r d e d
ECF c r e d it a c o r r e c t s ta te m e n t th a t fo llo w s a p r e v io u s w r o n g a n s w e r
F o r e xa

MP m a r k in g p o in t ( w ith r e le v a n t n u m b e r )
( ) the word / phrase in brackets is not required, but sets the context
ORA o r re v e rs e a rg u m e n t
m in a tio n
f r o m 2022
PMT
 Examples of how to apply the list rule

St a t e three r e a s o n s . . . [ 3 ]
97 00/ 02

© UCLES 2019
A F (4 responses)
1. Co r r e c t  1. Co r r e c t 
2. Co r r e c t  2 2. Co r r e c t 
2
3 . W ro n g  3 . Co r r e c t 
CO N ( o f 3 . ) ( d is c o u n t 3 )
B (4 responses)
1. Co r r e c t , Co r r e c t ,  G (5 responses)
1. Co r r e c t 
2. Co r r e c t  3
2. Co r r e c t 
3 . W ro n g ig n o r e
3
3 . Co r r e c t 
C (4 responses) Co r r e c t ig n o r e
CO N ( o f 4 . ) ig n o r e
1. Co r r e c t 

P a g e 5 o f 16
2. Co r r e c t , W r o n g ,  2 H (4 responses)
SPECIMEN
Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve

3 . Co r r e c t ig n o r e 1. Co r r e c t 
2. Co r r e c t 
D (4 responses) 2
3 . CO N ( o f 2. ) ( d i s c o u n t 2)
1. Co r r e c t 
Co r r e c t 
l – M a r k Sch

2. Co r r e c t , CO N ( o f 2. ) , ( d i s c o u n t 2) 2
I (4 responses)
e m e

3 . Co r r e c t 
1. Co r r e c t 
E (4 responses) 2. Co r r e c t 
2
1. Co r r e c t 
3 . Co r r e c t 
F o r e xa

2. Co r r e c t  3 CO N ( o f 2. ) ( d i s c o u n t 2)
3 . Co r r e c t , W r o n g 
m in a tio n
f r o m 2022
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
1( a ) assume in context of transmission electron micrograph unless otherwise stated 1

any one from:

idea that c a n s e e i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e s ;
Ae x a m p le o f n a m e d c e ll s tr u c tu r e
cannot see surface contours / AW ;
An o t 3 - D a p p e a r a n c e

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
A V P ; e .g . r e f. to s m a ll( e r ) d e p th o f fie ld
1( b ) any two from: 2

(flattened) sacs have layered appearance / no connection between membranes / AW ; o r a

not, connected to / contiguous with / continuous with, (outer membrane of) nuclear envelope ; o r a
swellings at end of sacs (for vesicle formation) / vesicles at ends of sacs ;
n o r ib o s o m e s ;o r a

SPECIMEN
P a g e 6 o f 16

1( c ) length 2
c o r r e c tly s ta te d fo r m u la ; e .g . a c tu a l d ia m e te r = im a g e
magnification

c o r r e c t a c t u a l d i a m e t e r o f X– Y c a l c u l a t e d f r o m m e a s u re m e n t fro m p r in te d c o p y ;
A 213 nm (for 10 mm)
A 223 nm (for 10.5 mm)

l – M a r k Sch
A 234 nm (for 11 mm)
A 245 nm (for 11.5 mm)
A 255 nm (for 12 mm)

e m e
F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
1( d ) ( i ) accept points from a diagram 3

1 p h o s p h o lip id b ila y e r ;

plus any two from:

2 fatty acid core / fatty acid tails orientated inwards ;

3 p r o te in ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
4 fu r th e r d e ta il ;
e.g. integral and peripheral proteins / AW
p r o te in s s c a tte r e d ( in p h o s p h o lip id b ila y e r )
proteins / phospholipids, can move around (in phospholipid bilayer)
5 correct ref. to, hydrophobic / hydrophilic, regions / AW, on, phospholipid / protein ;

Ic h o le s te r o l
Ig ly c o c a ly x

SPECIMEN
P a g e 7 o f 16

I glyco / carbohydrate chains

I glycolipids / glycoproteins
Ir e f to w id th
1( d ) ( i i ) any one from: 1

l – M a r k Sch
r e f. r e d u c e d g a p s b e tw e e n m e m b r a n e m o le c u le s ;
higher proportion of phospholipids with saturated fatty acids (means closer packing) ;
fewer unsaturated fatty acids so, fewer ‘kinks’ in tails / closer packing ;
ref. to, channel / carrier / transport, proteins ; e . g . l o w e r n u m b e r o f t r a n s p o r t p r o t e i n s
s m a lle r d ia m e te r o f c h a n n e ls in n o n - s p e c ific c h a n n e l p r o te in s

e m e
fewer types of (specific), transport / carrier, proteins ;
h ig h e r p r o p o r tio n o f c h o le s te r o l m o le c u le s ;
A V P ; e.g. suggestion that fewer, aquaporins / channels for water

F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
2( a ) ( i ) accept points from a diagram 3

max three from:

1 detection of / recognition of / binding to, bacterium / pathogen / M. tuberculosis / foreign antigens / antibodies complexed to
a n tig e n s
or
(macrophage) has receptors for (foreign / pathogen) antigen ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
2 engulfs / envelops, pathogen / bacterium / AW ;
Ap h a g o c y to s is o c c u r s
Ae n d o c y to s is o c c u r s
Ap s e u d o p o d ia fo r m

3 forms, vacuole / vesicle / phagosome ;

SPECIMEN
P a g e 8 o f 16

4 r e f. to ly s o s o m e fu s io n ;As e c o n d a r y ly s o s o m e fo r m a tio n
5 ref. to hydrolytic / digestive, enzymes ;
An a m e d e x a m p le s
Ah y d r o la s e s

6 r e f. to a n tig e n p r e s e n ta tio n ;

l – M a r k Sch
7 A V P ; e.g. (response is) non-specific / innate
2( a ) ( i i ) any one from: 1

suggestion that M. tuberculosis

e m e
produces inhibitors for / deactivates, lysosomal / hydrolytic, enzymes ;
escapes out of, phagosome / AW ;
forms resistant spore / is resistant to digestive enzymes / AW ;
A V P ; e .g . s u g g e s tio n o f m a c r o p h a g e m a lfu n c tio n

F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
2( b ) any three from: 3

1 production of mucus by, mucous glands / goblet cells ;

2 sticky / AW, mucus
or
mucus traps, pathogens / bacteria / microorganisms ;
3 m u c u s a c ts a s a b a r r ie r ( to p r e v e n t e n tr y ) ;
4 m u c u s in c r e a s e s d is ta n c e to r e a c h c e lls ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
5 c ilia o n c ilia te d e p ith e lia l c e lls ;
Ac ilia te d e p ith e liu m
6 cilia, waft / move, mucus / AW ;
7 idea that (contaminated) mucus is moved, away from alveoli / away from lung tissue / towards back of mouth / AW ;
2( c ) any one from: 1

blood / plasma / circulatory system ;

SPECIMEN
lymph / lymph system ;
P a g e 9 o f 16

within, neutrophils / macrophages / phagocytes ;

A white blood cells / leucocytes
2( d ) any one from: 1

eating contaminated, meat / beef

l – M a r k Sch
or
eating, meat / beef, from infected cattle ;

drinking, raw / unpasteurised, milk, from infected cows

e m e
or
d r in k in g c o n ta m in a te d m ilk ;

F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
2( e ) rifampicin binds to RNA polymerase so 2
mRNA is not synthesised so, polypeptides / proteins / enzymes, not synthesised ; A n o t r a n s c r i p t i o n a n d t r a n s l a t i o n
or
rifampicin prevents, elongation of, RNA transcript / mRNA / polynucleotide chain / addition of (RNA) nucleotides, so,
polypeptides / protein / enzymes, not synthesised ;
Ap r e v e n ts m o v e m e n t o f R N A p o ly m e r a s e a lo n g D N A s tr a n d

ref. proteins / enzymes, required for, growth / replication / (essential) metabolism (so cell dies without these proteins) ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
2( f ) any two from: 2

r a te o f in c r e a s e in c a s e s o f M D R - T B g r e a te r th a n r a te o f in c r e a s e o f T B ;A W o ra
m a n ip u la te d d a ta to s u p p o r t ;

r e f . t o d e c r e a s e ; e.g. for TB between 2011 and 2013 but for MDR-TB between, 2013 and 2014 / after 2013
or

SPECIMEN
P a g e 10 o f 16

d e c r e a s e s o v e r tw o y e a r s fo r T B w h e r e a s o n ly o n e y e a r fo r M D R - T B ;

r e p o r t e d c a s e s o f T B s h o w s a p l a t e a u b e t w e e n 2009 a n d 2012 b u t n o p l a t e a u f o r M D R - T B ; A M D R - T B p l a t e a u s l a t e r

l – M a r k Sch
e m e
F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
2( g ) any three from: 3

1 idea that successful, treatment / DOTS strategy, of normal TB will help reduce risk of MDR-TB ;
2 r e f . t o a c c o m m o d a t i o n ; e.g. poorly ventilated / close proximity, increases spread ;
Ac o s t o f im p r o v in g a c c o m m o d a tio n to p r e v e n t s p r e a d
3 ref. to education about ways to, prevent spread / minimise risk of antibiotic resistance occurring ;
4 ref. to particular (social) groups and the link between, HIV infection / HIV/AIDS, and, TB / MDR-TB ;
5 ref. to minimising use of antibiotics in, agriculture / animals used for food ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
in context of, educating farmers / laws to prevent overuse

cost of
6 vaccination / vaccination programme ; in context of individual or health authorities and with ref. to normal TB or MDR-TB
7 lo n g e r d r u g tr e a tm e n t ( o f M D R - T B ) m e a n s le s s m o n e y a v a ila b le to h e a lth a u th o r itie s ;
8 research into, new drugs / new antibiotics / different treatment regimes ;
9 increase in demand for healthcare / training of personnel ; A W
10 educating, public / health care personnel / veterinary personnel ;

SPECIMEN
P a g e 11 o f 16

A c o s t o f e d u c a t i n g f a r m e r s t o m i n i m i s e u s e o f a n t i b i o t i c s if mp5 not gained

11 A V P ;e .g . s u g g e s te d r e a s o n fo r in d iv id u a ls n o t fin is h in g c o u r s e o f tr e a tm e n t

Question Answer Marks

l – M a r k Sch
3 (a ) any four from: 4

1 d is a c c h a r id e to m o n o s a c c h a r id e s ;
2 Y is water / water required ;
3 h y d r o ly s is r e a c tio n ;

e m e
4 g ly c o s id ic b o n d b r o k e n ;
5 Z i s α- g l u c o s e ;
6 detail of enzyme action ; e . g . i n d u c e d - f i t o r l o c k - a n d - k e y h y p o t h e s i s d e s c r i b e d
7 A V P ; e . g . ( β- ) 1, 4 ( - g l y c o s i d i c ) b o n d b r o k e n Rif b o n d ty p e is in c o r r e c tly n a m e d

F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
3 ( b ) ( i) intracellular advantage: 2
idea of control / maintaining balance / efficient metabolism ;
e.g. if, (enough) glucose / galactose / monosaccharides, present then no need for, uptake / breakdown, of lactose avoids
o s m o tic p r o b le m s a s n o b u ild - u p o f m o n o s a c c h a r id e s

disadvantage:
loss of product / reduced productivity / product required continuously / slows rate of reaction / ref. to enzyme needing to remain
a c tiv e ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
3 ( b ) ( ii) any one from: 1

products and enzyme kept separated / AW ;

p r o d u c t r e m o v e d im m e d ia te ly ;
3 ( b ) ( iii) any one from: 1

inert / unreactive / cannot be digested by lactase / AW ;

SPECIMEN
P a g e 12 o f 16

n o n - to x ic ;
in s o lu b le ;
lo n g s h e lf- life ;
A V P ; e.g. can create small mesh size
suggestion of enzyme attachment to fibres

l – M a r k Sch
e m e
F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
3 (c ) any three from: 3

accept answers in the context of lactase

1 r e f. to c o n tr o lle d v a r ia b le s ;
e.g. constant, pH / temperature
2 ta k e s a m p le s a t tim e d in te r v a ls ;
Ar e g u la r in te r v a ls
3 determine, substrate / lactose, concentration

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
or
determine, product / glucose / galactose, concentration ;
4 plot graph of, substrate concentration / product concentration, against time ;
5 r e f. to r a te o f d is a p p e a r a n c e o f s u b s tr a te
or
re f. to ra te o f a p p e a ra n c e o f p ro d u c t ;
6 d e te r m in e in itia l r a te ;

SPECIMEN
P a g e 13 o f 16

Question Answer Marks

4 (a ) Ia n y p a r t o f th e p a th w a y b e y o n d c o r tic a l c e lls 4

any four from:

l – M a r k Sch
1 c o rre c t re f. to
, a p o p l a s t p a t h w a y a n d symplast pathway / apoplast a n d s y m p l a s t ;
Aa p o p la
s tic p a th w a y a n d s y m p la s tic p a th w a y
2 c e ll w a ll r o u ;te
3 fu rth e r d e ta il
; e.g. between, cellulose fibres / spaces between cells / intercellular spaces
( w a te r ) d o e s n o t c r o s s ( c e ll) m e m b r a n e s

e m e
4 entry into, root hair cell / cell X, by, crossing (partially permeable) cell surface membrane / osmosis ;
5 (then) cytoplasmic route / within cytoplasm ;
6 fr o m c e ll to c e ll v ia p la s m o d e s m a ta ;
7 v a c u o la r r o u te ;

F o r e xa
A (water) crosses, tonoplast / vacuolar membrane

f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
4 (b ) any two from: 2

(root hair cell) mitochondria needed to, produce ATP / provide energy, for active transport (of mineral ions) ;
o r a fo r c e ll o f c o r te x
Rp ro d u c e e n e rg y
(some) mineral ions enter, root hair cell / cell X, against the concentration gradient / AW ;
(all) mineral ions transported through cortex cell, passively / dissolved in water ;

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
Question Answer Marks
5 (a ) any three from: 3

SAN (max two):

1 pacemaker / sets rate of heart beat / responsible for rhythmic contraction ;
2 sends out, impulses / waves of excitation / waves of depolarisation ;
3 initiates / brings about / AW, heart beat / contraction of the heart / atrial contraction / atrial systole ;

SPECIMEN
P a g e 14 o f 16

AVN:
4 a c ts to r e la y im p u ls e s to v e n tr ic le s
or
conducts / AW, waves of excitation / impulses, to Purkyne fibres ; A b u n d l e o f H i s
5 introduces delay to ventricular, systole / contraction(s)

l – M a r k Sch
or
prevents simultaneous contraction of atria and ventricles / AW ;
A allows time for, atria to empty / ventricles to fill
5 ( b ) ( i) D vein / veins / venule / venules 1

e m e
E artery / arteries ;
F capillary / capillaries
5 ( b ) ( ii) any two from: 2

F o r e xa
single layer / one cell thick ;
flattened / thin, cells ;

f r o m 2022
A squamous / pavement, cells / epithelia

m in a tio n
s m o o th s u r fa c e ( fa c in g lu m e n ) ;

PMT
© UCLES 2019

97 00/ 02
Question Answer Marks
6 (a ) 1 A = a d e n in e , T = th y m in e , C= c y to s in e , G = g u a n in e ; 6
2 D N A p o ly m e r a s e ;
3 n u c le o tid e s ;
4 c o m p le m e n ta r y b a s e p a ir in g ;
5 D N A lig a s e ;
6 s e m i- c o n s e r v a tiv e ( r e p lic a tio n ) ;
6 ( b ) ( i) J m e ta p h a s e ; 3

Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve
K p ro p h a s e ;
L te lo p h a s e ;Aa n a p h a s e
6 ( b ) ( ii) large size / same size as cells in mitosis / same size as the cells labelled in stages of mitosis ; o r a 1
6 ( b ) ( iii) 1 chromosomes, orientated / arranged / AW, at, spindle equator / metaphase plate ; 2

plus any one from:

SPECIMEN
P a g e 15 o f 16

2 chromosomes attached to, spindle / spindle fibres, at centromere / kinetochore ;

3 ( s is te r ) c h r o m a tid s s till a tta c h e d a t c e n tr o m e r e ;
4 s p in d le fu lly fo r m e d ;
5 n u c le o lu s h a s d is a p p e a r e d ;
6 nuclear envelope, has disassembled / broken down / AW ;

l – M a r k Sch
e m e
F o r e xa
f r o m 2022
m in a tio n
PMT
 PMT
97 00/ 02 Ca m b r i d g e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A S & A Le ve l – M a r k Sch e m e F o r e xa m in a tio n
SPECIMEN f r o m 2022
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2019 P a g e 16 o f 16