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L E C T U R E 6
D R . S A B N A M B A S U
Recruitment and Selection
J o b a n a ly s i s a n d j o b d es ig n s p e c i fy t h e t a s k s a n d d u t i es o f j o b s a n d t h e q u a lif ic a t io n s
ex p ec t ed f ro m p ro s p ec t ive j o b h o ld ers .
T h e n ex t lo g ic a l s t ep is t o h i r e t h e r i g h t n u m b er o f p e o p l e o f t h e r i g h t t y p e t o f ill t h e j o b s .
( i) rec ru it m en t
( ii) s elec t io n
Human Determine
recruitment Job
Resource
and selection Analysis
Planning
needs
Recruitment
I n p ra c t ic a l t erm s , it is u s ed t o d es c rib e t h e
en t ire p ro c es s o f em p loyee h irin g .
T h e r e c r u it m e n t a n d s e le c t io n p r o c e s s is a s e r ie s o f h u r d le s a im e d a t s e le c t in g t h e b e s t
c a n d id a t e f o r t h e j o b
Re c r u it e r e f f e c t ive n es s
F i l l i n g a r e l a t i ve h a n d f u l o f p o s i t i o n s m i g h t r e q u i r e r e c r u i t i n g d o ze n s o r h u n d r e d s o f
candidates.
M a n ag e r s t h e r e fo r e u s e a s t a f fi n g o r r e c r u i t i n g y i e l d p y ra m i d
I n F i g u r e , t h e c o m p an y k n o w s i t n e e d s 5 0 n e w e n t r y - l e ve l a c c o u n t a n t s n e x t y e a r.
F r o m e x p e r i e nc e , t h e f i r m a l s o k n o w s t h e f o l l o w i n g :
T h e ra t i o o f o f f e r s m a d e t o a c t u al n e w h i r e s i s 2 t o 1 .
T h e ra t i o o f c a n d i d a t e s i n t e r vi e w e d t o o f f e r s m a d e i s 3 t o 2 .
T h e ra t i o o f c a n d i d a t e s i n v i t e d f o r i n t e r vi e w s t o c a n d i d at e s
i n t e r vi e w e d i s a b o u t 4 t o 3 .
F i n al l y, t h e f i r m k n o w s t h a t o f s i x l e a d s t h a t c o m e i n f r o m a l l
i t s r e c r u i t i n g s o u r c e s , i t t y p i c al l y i n v i t e s o n l y o n e a p p l i c an t f o r
a n i n t e r vi e w —a 6 - t o - 1 ra t i o.
T h e r e fo r e , t h e f i r m m u s t g e n e rat e a b o u t 1 , 2 0 0 l e a d s t o b e a b l e t o i nv i te i n 2 0 0 v i a b l e
c a n d i d a t e s o f w h i c h i t i n t e r vi e w s a b o u t 1 5 0 , a n d s o o n
Factors Governing Recruitment: External Factors
D e m a nd a n d s u p p l y o f s k i l l s : I n t h e la b o u r m a rket, if t h e d e m a n d f o r a p a rt ic u la r s k ill is h i g h
r e l a t ive t o t h e t o t h e s u p p l y , a n ex t ra ord in a ry rec ru it in g ef f o rt m ay b e n eed ed
Re c r u i t m e n t p o l i c y : M o s t f i r m s h a v e a p o l i c y o n r e c r u i t i n g i n t e r n a l l y ( f r o m o w n e m p l o y e e s ) o r e x t e r n a l l y
( f r o m o u t s i d e t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n ) . G e n e ra l l y, t h e p o l i c y i s t o p r e f e r i n t e r n a l s o u r c i n g , a s o w n e m p l o y e e s
k n o w t h e c o m p a ny w e l l a n d c a n r e c o m m e n d c a n d i d a t e s w h o f i t t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n ' s c u l t u r e
Te m p o ra r y a n d p a r t - t i m e e m p l o y e e s : A n o r g a n i z a t i o n h i r i n g t e m p o ra r y a n d p a r t - t i m e e m p l o y e e s i s i n a
l e s s a d va n t a g e o u s p o s i t i o n i n a t t ra c t i n g s u f f i c i e n t a p p l i c a t i o n s
Re c r u i t m e n t o f l o c a l c i t i z e n s : M N C s o p e ra t i n g i n o u r c o u n t r y p r e f e r l o c a l c i t i z e n s a s t h e y c a n
u n d e r s t a n d l o c a l l a n g u a g e s , c u s t o m s a n d b u s i n e s s p ra c t i c e s b e t t e r.
H u m a n Re s o u r c e P l a n n i n g ( H R P) : Th o s e c o m p a ni es t h a t e n g a ge i n H R P h a ve a n c o m p e titi ve e d g e o ve r
t h e i r r i va l c o m p an ies a s i t i s a n i n t e rna l f a c to r t h a t c a n d e t e rm in e t h e s u c c ess o f t h e r e c r uiti ng p r o g ram me
Size: An organization with one hundred thousand employees will find recruiting less problematic than a
firm with just one hundred employees
C o s t : Re c r u i t e r s m u s t o p e ra t e w i t h i n b u d g e t s . Re c r u i t i n g c o s t s a r e c a l c u l a t e d p e r n e w h i r e . m i n i m i z e
recruitment costs. One cost saving measure, for instance, is recruiting for multiple job openings
s i m u l t a n e o u s l y.
Growth and success of the organization : An organization registering growth and expansion will have more
recruiting on hand than the one which finds its fortunes declining .
Source of Recruitment
Ma in ly I n t ern a l a n d E x t ern al s o u rc es o f c a n d id a t es
Internal Sources
W hy t o h ire f ro m w it h in ( Ad va n ta ges )
R is e in em p loyee m o ra le a n d en g a g em ent
W hy n o t to h ire f ro m w it h in ( Dis a d va nt ag e)
I n b reed in g o f t h e s t a t u s q u o
Rej ec t ed in s id e a p p lic a n t s m ay b ec o m e d is c o n t en t ed
Finding Internal Candidates
P r e s en t E m p l oye es
P r o mo tio n s
Tra n s fer ( w it h o u t p ro m o t io n )
Of t en im p o rt a n t in p rov id in g em p loyees w it h a b ro a d - ba s ed
v iew o f t h e c o m p a ny, n ec es s a ry f o r f u t u re p ro m o t io n s
Internal Sources
E m p l o ye e Re f e r ral s
E m p l oye e r e f e r ral s c a n b e a g o o d s o u r c e o f
recruitment
W h e n e m p l oye e s r e c o m m e n d s u c c e s s fu l r e f e r ral s ,
t h e y ( t h e f o r m e r ) a r e p a i d m o n e t ar y i n c e n t i ve s
which are called “finders fees”
M a n y p r o s p e c t s c a n b e r e a c h e d a t a ve r y l o w c o s t
O r g a n i z at i o n w i t h a l a r g e n u m b e r o f e m p l o ye e s
t h i s a p p r o ac h c a n p r o v i d e q u i t e a l a r g e p o o l o f
p o t e n t i al o r g a n i z at i o n al m e m b e r s
D i s ad va n t ag e s ( p o t e n t i a l n e g at i ve f a c t o r s )
Po s s i b i l i t y o f i n b r e e d i n g ,
M a n i fe s t i n g i n g r o u p s o f p e o p l e q u i t t i n g o n e f i r m
a n d j o i n i ng a n o t h e r
C a r r yi n g w i t h t h e m t h e c u l t u ral p ra c t i c e s o f t h e
previous firm
Internal Sources
Fo r m e r E m p l o ye e s
Re t i r e d e m p l o ye e s m ay b e w i l l i n g t o c o m e b a c k t o w o r k o n a p a r t - t i m e b a s i s
I n d i vi d ual s w h o l e f t f o r o t h e r j o b s , m i g h t b e w i l l i ng t o c o m e b a c k f o r h i g h e r
emoluments
A r c h i ve d d a t a r e l a t i n g t o p h o n e n u m b e r s , e m a i l s a r e c o l l e c t e d a n d c o n t ac t s a r e
p u r s u e d a c t i ve l y.
E m a i l s a r e s e n t t o t h e s e i n d i vi d u al s a n d a r e e n c o urag e d t o a p p l y.
H o w e ve r, e m p l o ye e s e x i t e d o n r e a s o n s r e l a t i n g t o
p e r f o r m an c e a n d e t h i c al c o n d u c t a r e e xc l u d e d
A d van t ag e s :
T h e y h ave k n o w n q u a n t i t i e s
D i s ad va n t ag e s :
T h e y m ay h ave l e s s - t h an p o s i t i ve a t t i t u d e s
Re h i r i n g m ay s e n t t h e w r o n g m e s s a g e t o c u r r e n t e m p l o ye e s a b o u t h o w t o g e t a h e a d
Succession planning
D e ve l o p i n g w o r k f o r c e p l a n s f o r t h e c o m p an y’s t o p p o s i t i o n s
I t i s a n t h e o n g o i n g p r o c e s s o f s y s t e m at i c al l y i d e n t i fyi n g , a s s e s s i n g , a n d d e ve l o p i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n a l
l e a d e r s h i p t o e n h a n c e p e r f o r m an c e
T h e p r o c e s s o f e n s u r i n g a s u i t ab l e s u p p l y o f s u c c e s s o r s f o r c u r r e n t a n d f u t u r e s e n i o r o r ke y j o b s
S u c c es s io n p l a n ni n g s t ep s :
I d en t ify in g a n d a n a ly z in g key j o b s .
Crea tin g a n d a s s es s in g c a n d id a t es .
A d verti s i n g
Selec t io n o f t h e b es t m ed iu m d ep en d s o n t h e p o s it io n s
f o r w h ic h t h e f irm is rec ru it in g .
N ew s p a p ers ( lo c a l a n d s p ec if ic la b o r m a rkets )
Tra d e a n d p ro f es s io n a l j o u rn a ls
I n t ern et j o b s it es
Ma rket in g p ro g ra m s
E m p l o ym e n t a g e n c i e s
P u b l i c a g e n c i e s o p e ra t e d b y f e d e ral , s t a t e , o r l o c al g ove r n m e n ts
A g e n c i e s a s s o c i at e d w i t h n o n p r o fi t o r g a n i z a t i o n s
P r i vat e l y o w n e d a g e n c i e s
Re a s o ns f o r u s in g a p r i vat e e m p l o ym e n t a g e n c y:
W h e n a f i r m d o e s n ’ t h ave a n H R d e p a r t m e n t a n d i s n o t g e a r e d t o d o i n g r e c r u i t i n g a n d
screening.
T h e f i r m h a s f o u n d i t d i f fi c u l t i n t h e p a s t t o g e n e rat e a p o o l o f q u a l i fi e d a p p l i c a n t s .
T h e f i r m m u s t f i l l a p a r t i c u l a r o p e n i n g q u i c kl y.
T h e r e i s a p e r c e i ve d n e e d t o a t t ra c t a g r e a t e r n u m b e r o f m i n o r i t y o r f e m a l e a p p l i c an t s .
T h e f i r m w a n t s t o r e a c h c u r r e n t l y e m p l oye d i n d i vi d u al s , w h o m i g h t f e e l m o r e c o m f o r t ab l e
d e a l i n g w i t h a g e n c i e s t h a n w i t h c o m p e t i n g c o m p an i e s .
T h e f i r m w a n t s t o c u t d o w n o n t h e t i m e i t ’s d e vo t i ng t o r e c r u i ti ng .
Avo i d i n g t h e p o t e n t i a l p i t fa l l s
External Candidates
Te m p o ra r y Wo r k e r s a n d A l t e r n a t i v e S t a f f i n g
S u p p l e m e n t t h e i r p e r m a n e n t w o r k f o r c e s b y h i r i n g c o n t i n g e n t o r t e m p o ra r y w o r k e r s
Te m p o ra r y e m p l o y e e s a r e e x a m p l e s o f a l t e r n a t i v e s t a f f i n g
A l t e r n a t i v e s t a f f i n g : t h e u s e o f n o n t ra d i t i o n a l r e c r u i t m e n t s o u r c e s .
O t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e s t a f f i n g a r ra n g e m e n t s i n c l u d e “ i n - h o u s e t e m p o r a r y e m p l o y e e s ” ( p e o p l e
e m p l o y e d d i r e c t l y b y t h e c o m p a ny, b u t o n a n e x p l i c i t s h o r t - t e r m b a s i s ) a n d “ c o n t ra c t t e c h n i c a l
employees” (highly skilled workers like engineers, who are supplied for long -term projects under
c o n t ra c t f r o m a n o u t s i d e t e c h n i c a l s e r v i c e s f i r m ) .
B e n e f i t s o f Te m p s
Pa i d o n l y w h e n w o r k i n g
More productive
N o r e c r u i t m e n t , s c r e e n i n g , a n d p a y r o l l a d m i n i s t ra t i o n c o s t s
C o s t s o f Te m p s
Fe e s p a i d t o t e m p a g e n c i e s
Lack of commitment to firm
External Candidates
Te m p E m p loye es ’ C o n c ern s
1. Trea t ed b y em p loyers in a d eh u m a n iz in g a n d
u lt im a t ely d is c o u ra g in g way.
2. I n s ec u re a b o u t th eir em p loy m en t a n d
p es s im is t ic a b o u t t h e f u t u re.
3. Wo rried a b o u t t h eir la c k o f in s u ra n c e a n d
p en s io n b en ef it s .
Sen d in g t h e j o b s o u t ra t h er t h a n b rin g in g p eo p le in t o d o t h e c o m p a ny ’s j o b s
L ikelih o o d o f c u lt u ra l m is u n d ers t a n d in g s
Re f erra ls
A d van ta ge
G e n e ra t e m o r e a p p l i c a n t s a n d m o r e h i r e s ,
C u r r e n t e m p l oy e e s t e n d t o p r o v i d e a c c u ra t e
i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e i r r e f e r ra l s b e c a u s e t h e y ’ r e
putting their own reputations on the line,
N e w e m p l o ye e s m a y c o m e w i t h a m o r e r e a l i st i c
p i c t u r e o f w h a t t h e f i r m i s l i ke
Wa lk- in s
Direc t a p p lic a t io n s m a d e a t yo u r o f f ic e —a re a b ig
s o u rc e o f a p p lic a n t s
A g o o d way o f a t t ra c t in g lo c a l a p p lic a n t s
External Candidates
Re c r u i t i n g v i a t h e I n t e r n e t
C o s t- e f f e c t i v e wa y t o p u b l i c i z e j o b o p e n i n g s
M o r e a p p l i c a n t s a t t ra c t e d o v e r a l o n g e r p e r i o d
A u t o m a t i o n o f a p p l i c a n t t ra c k i n g a n d
e va l u a t i o n
Disadvantages
Effect diversity
Internet overload
External Candidates
C o l l eg e Re c ru it i n g
To a t t ra c t g o o d c a n d id a t es
E x p en s ive
I n v i t at i o n l e t t e r s
Assigned hosts
I n f o r m at i o n p a c k ag e
P l a n n e d i n t e r vi e w s
T i m e l y e m p l oym e n t o f f e r
Fo l l o w - u p
I n t ern s hi p s
Diversity recruiting
I s s u es i n Re c ru it i n g a M o re D i v e rs e Wo rk fo rc e
Re c ru it i n g Wo m en S i n g l e p a re n ts
P r ov id in g w o r k s c h ed u le f lex ib ility.
Re c ru it i n g s i n g l e p a ren t s
O l d e r w o rkers
O l d e r Wo rkers
Re v is in g p o lic e s t h a t m a ke it d if f ic u lt o r u n a t t rac t ive
Re c ru it i n g M i n o rit i e s f o r o ld e r w o r ke r s t o r e m a in e m p loye d .
Re c ru it i n g m i n o rit i es a n d w o m en
T h e D i s a b l ed
U n d e r s t a n d in g r e c r u it m e n t b a r r ie r s .
Fo r m u la t in g r e c r u it m e n t p la n s .
I n s t it u t in g s p e c if ic d ay- t o-d ay p ro g ra m s .
T h e d i s a b l ed
D e ve lo p in g r e s o u r c e s a n d p o lic ie s t o r e c r u it a n d
in t eg ra t e d is a b le p er s o n s in t o t h e w o r k f o rc e.
Developing and Using
Application Forms
A p p l i c a tio n f o rm
T h e f o rm t h a t p rov id es in f o rm a t io n o n
ed u c a t io n , p rio r w o rk rec o rd , a n d s k ills
Met h o d o f p re - s c reen in g
U s e s o f i n f o rm at io n f ro m a p p l ic a ti o n s
J u d g men t s a b o u t t h e a p p lic a n t ’s
ed u c a t io n a l a n d ex p erien c e q u a lif ic a t io n s
C o n c lu s io n s a b o u t t h e a p p lic a n t ’s p r ev io u s
p r o gre s s a n d g ro w t h
I n d ic a t io n s o f t h e a p p lic a n t ’s em p loy m en t
s t a b ility
P r ed i c t io n s a b o u t w h ic h c a n d id a t e is likely
t o s u c c eed o n t h e j o b
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