Enthalpy change virtual reaction

Determining the enthalpy change for

Reaction: NH4Cl(s) + H2O (l) → NH4+ (aq) + Cl-(aq)

FA 1 is solid ammonium chloride, NH4Cl

(a) Method

Read through the method before you start any practical work and prepare a suitable table for your
results.

● Weigh the stoppered tube containing FA 1. Record the mass.

● Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker.
● Use the measuring cylinder to transfer 25 cm3 of water into the plastic cup.
● Measure the temperature of water in the plastic cup and start the stop clock. Record this temperature
as being the temperature at time = 0.
● Measure, and record, the temperature of this water every half minute for 2 minutes.
● At time = 2 1/2 minutes add the FA 1 to the water and stir carefully.
● Measure the temperature of the mixture in the cup at time = 3 minutes and then every half minute
up to time = 8 minutes.
● Continue stirring occasionally throughout this time.
● Weigh the stoppered tube that had contained FA 1. Record the mass.
● Calculate and record the mass of FA 1 added to water.
● Rinse the plastic cup with water and shake to dry

2 tables:
Mass of FA1 added
Mass of stopper tube and FA1/ g 2.10

Mass of stopper tube after adding FA1/ g 1.05

Mass of FA1 added/ g 1.05

Temperature readings
Time/ s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480

Temerature / 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 x 16.5 12.0 13.0 13.0 13.5 13.5 14.0 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.0
oC

6 marks assigned:
[1] correct headings and DP in table 1
[1] correct heading and reading recorded in table 2
[1] correct DP in table 2 – 1dp and ending in 0 or 5
[1] correct working of mass of FA1 added
Last 2 points for accuracy
 (b) (i) On the grid below plot a graph of temperature (y-axis) against time (x-axis).

Chart Title
25

20
Temperature / oC

15

10

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time/ s

(ii) Complete the graph by inserting two, straight lines of best fit:

● one to show the temperature up to time = 2 1/2 minutes,

● one to show the temperature after time = 2 1/2 minutes.

(iii) From your graph, use the two straight lines of best fit to calculate the change in temperature at
time = 2 1/2 minutes.

Initial t is 23.0
Final – from the graph (green line) is 11.8
Temperature change is 11.2
temperature change = 11.2 °C [4]

4 graphing points
[1] clear axis labels
[1] points plotted correctly as x
[1] lines of best fit correct
[1] correct working of delta T – shown on the graph

(c) Calculations
(i)Calculate the energy change that occurred during the reaction in (a).
[Assume that 4.2J is needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of solution by 1.0 °C.]

Q = mcΔT = 25g* 4.2* 11.2 = 1 176 J

energy change = 1 176 J [1]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of ammonium chloride added.

n=m/ Mr = 1.05 / 53.5 = 0.0196 mol

mol of ammonium chloride= 0.0196 mol [1]

(iii) Use your answer to (i) and (ii) and calculate the enthalpy change of the solution, ΔH in kJ mol -1.

ΔH = Q/ n = 1.176 / 0.0196 = 60 kJ mol-1

ΔH = + 60 kJ mol-1
(sign) (value)
[2]