Test Bank For Calculus Multivariable 6Th Edition by Mccallum Hallett and Gleason Isbn 0470888679 9780470888674 Full Chapter PDF

Test Bank for Calculus Multivariable 6th Edition by McCallum
Hallett and Gleason ISBN 0470888679 9780470888674

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1. You are in a nicely heated cabin in the winter. Deciding that it's too warm, you open a
small window. Let T be the temperature in the room, t minutes after the window was
opened, x feet from the window. Is T an increasing or decreasing function of x?
A) Increasing B) Decreasing C) Neither
Ans: A difficulty: easy section: 12.1
2. The following table gives the number f(x, y) of grape vines, in thousands, of age x in year
y.
In one year a fungal disease killed most of the older grapevines, and in the following
year a long freeze killed most of the young vines. Which are these years?
Ans: 1982 and 1983
difficulty: easy section: 12.1
Page 1
Chapter 12: Functions of Several Variables
3. The following table gives the number f(x, y) of grape vines, in thousands, of age x in year
y.
In 1986 a successful advertising campaign led to a dramatic increase in demand for

premium wines. The growers followed by adding many more plants. Suppose a vine (the
plant) produces the first harvestable grapes at age five, and is removed after sixteen years.
How many (thousand) grape vines that bear fruit were there in the year 1986 and how
many will be there in the year 1992 (assuming that no current vines die before 1992)?
Enter your answers separated by a semi-colon.

Ans: 11,000; 29,000
difficulty: medium section: 12.1
4. You are at (4, 2, 4) facing the yz-plane. You walk 3 units, turn right and walk for another
2 units. What are your coordinates now? Are you above or below the xy-plane?
Ans: My coordinates are (1, 4, 4) and I am above the xy-plane.
Page 2
5. (a) Find an equation of the largest sphere that can fit inside the cubical space enclosed by
the planes x = 1, x = 5, y = 2, y = 6, z = 2 and z = 6.
(b) If we replace the plane z = 6 in part (a) with z = 7, what will be the new equation of
the largest sphere?
Ans: (a) ( x − 3) + ( y − 4) + ( z − 4 ) = 4
2 2 2
(b) ( x − 3) + ( y − 4) + ( z − c ) = 4 , 4  c  5
2 2 2

6. Consider the sphere
(x +1)2 + ( y − 0)2 + (z –1)2 = 4
(a) What are the center and radius of this sphere?
(b) Find an equation of the circle (if any) where the sphere intersects the plane x = –2.
Ans: (a) Center (–1, 0, 1), Radius 2.
(b) ( y − 0)2 + (z –1)2 = 3 .

7. The points A = (4, 1, 2), B = (3, –2, 3), and C = (–2, 3, –4) are the vertices of a triangle
in space.
Which of the vertices is closest to the yz-plane?
A) C B) A C) B
8. The points A = (1, 1, 1), B = (2, 4, 2), and C = (3, 2, 2) are the vertices of a triangle in
space.
Which of the vertices is closest to the origin?
A) A B) B C) C
9. The points A = (–4, 5, –3), B = (–1, –3, –4), and C = (–2, 4, –4) are the vertices of a
triangle in space.
What is the length of the longest side of the triangle?
Ans: 74
Page 3
10. A certain piece of electronic surveying equipment is designed to operate in temperatures

ranging from 0° C to 30° C. Its performance index, p(t, h), measured on a scale from 0 to
1, depends on both the temperature t and the humidity h of its surrounding environment.
Values of the function p = f(t, h) are given in the following table. (The higher the value of
p, the better the performance.)
What is the value of p(0, 25)?

Ans: 0.46
11. A certain piece of electronic surveying equipment is designed to operate in temperatures

ranging from 0° C to 30° C. Its performance index, p(t, h), measured on a scale from 0 to
1, depends on both the temperature t and the humidity h of its surrounding environment.
Values of the function p = f(t, h) are given in the following table. (The higher the value of
p, the better the performance.)
Describe the function p(10, h) and explain its meaning.

Ans: The value of p(10, h) will first increase (as h increases from 0 to 25) then decrease
(as h increases from 25 to 100). This means that when the temperature is fixed at
10° C, the equipment works best in low humidity, with optimal performance
around 25% humidity. The performance will degrade severely as the humidity
rises.
Page 4
12. Yummy Potato Chip Company has manufacturing plants in N.Y. and N.J. The cost of
manufacturing depends on the quantities (in thousand of bags), q1 and q2, produced in the
N.Y. and N.J. factories respectively. Suppose the cost function is given by
C(q , q ) = 2q2 + q q + q2 + 420
1 2 1 1 2 2
(a) Find C(10, 25)
2
(b) By comparing the terms 2q and in the above expression, the manager
2
q
1 2
concluded that it is more expensive to produce in the N.Y. factory. Will shifting all the
production to the N.J. factory minimize the production cost?
Ans: (a) 1495
(b) No, the move will not minimize the production cost. To produce 100,000
bags, it is cheaper to have N.Y. produce 25,000 bags and N.J. produce 75,000 bags,
rather than to have N.J. produce all 100,000 bags. The manager failed to notice
from the formula that as the production in a factory increases, the cost will rise
quadratically.
13. Your monthly payment, C(s, t), on a car loan depends on the amount, s, of the loan (in
thousands of dollars), and the time, t, required to pay it back (in months). What is the
meaning of C(7, 48) = 250?
A) If you borrow $7,000 from the bank for 48 months (4 year loan), your monthly car
loan payment is $250.
B) If you borrow $4,000 from the bank for 48 months (7 year loan), your monthly car
loan payment is $250.
C) If you borrow $250 from the bank for 48 months (4 year loan), your monthly car
loan payment is $7.
D) If you borrow $7 from the bank for 48 months (4 year loan), your monthly car loan
payment is $250.
14. Your monthly payment, C(s, t), on a car loan depends on the amount, s, of the loan (in
thousands of dollars), and the time, t, required to pay it back (in months). Is C an
increasing or decreasing function of t?
A) Decreasing
B) Increasing
Page 5
15. Find a possible formula for a function f(x, y) with the given values.
y
1 2 3
1 1 4 7
x 2 –1 2 5
3 –3 0 3
Ans: –2 x + 3 y
difficulty: hard section: 12.1
16. Describe in words, write equations, and give a sketch for the following set of points.
Ans:

17. Describe in words the intersection of the surfaces z = x2 + y2 and z = 7 − 6(x + y ).
2 2
Ans: A circle (of radius 1) in the plane z = 1.

Page 6
18. A spherical ball of radius four units is in a corner touching both walls and floor. What is
the radius of the largest spherical ball that can be fit into the corner behind the given ball?
(Hint: The smaller ball will not touch the corner point where the walls meet the floor.)
Ans: r =
4( 3 −1)
( 3+1)
19. Match the graph with the function.
A)
B)
C)
Page 7
D)
20. Match the graph with the function.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans: A difficulty: medium section: 12.2
21. What is the slope of the contour lines of the function f(x, y) = –3+ 9x +10y ?
9
Ans: –
10
Page 8
22. A soft drink company is interested in seeing how the demand for its products is affected
by price. The company believes that the quantity, q, of soft drinks sold depends on p1 ,
the average price of the company's soft drinks, and p2 , the average price of competing
soft drinks. Which of the graphs below is most likely to represent q as a function of p1
and p2 ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans: C difficulty: medium section: 12.2
Page 9
23. For what values of the constant k is the intersection between the set of points y =x and
the graph of f (x, y)= 4x2 – ky2 a straight line?
Ans: 4
24. Match the following function with the graphs below.
The function z = f(x, y) giving happiness as a function of health y and money x according
to the statement of a fortune cookie: 'Whoever said money cannot buy happiness does not
know where to shop.'
A)
B)
C)
Ans: C difficulty: easy section: 12.2
Page 10
25. Match the function with the graph below.
A)
B)
Ans: B difficulty: easy section: 12.2
Page 11
26. The following figure contains the graphs of the cross sections z = f(a, y) for a = -2, -1, 0,
1, 2. Which of the graphs of z = f(x, y) in A and B best fits this information?
A)
B)
Ans: B difficulty: easy section: 12.2
Page 12
27. The graph of the function f(x, y) is shown below.
Draw graph of cross-sections with y fixed at y = 0, and y = 1.

Ans:
28. Two contours of the function f(x, y) corresponding to different values of f cannot ever
cross.
Ans: True difficulty: easy section: 12.3
29. The contours of the function f(x, y) = 8x + 4y are all parallel lines with slope 2.
A) False B) True
Page 13
30. The contour diagram below shows the level curves of the difference between July and
January mean temperatures in ° F.
Does this graph support or contradict the claim that the largest annual temperature
variations are found on the coasts of continents?
Ans: This graph supports the claim that the largest annual temperature variations are
found on the coasts of continents, as level curves are very close together near the
coasts of continents.
31. Draw a possible contour diagram for the function whose graph is shown below. Label
your contours with reasonable z-values.
Ans:
Page 14
32. Consider the function z = f (x, y) = –3y − 2x2. Suppose you are standing on the surface
at the point where x = 2, y = –1. What is your altitude?
Ans: –5
33. Consider the function z = f (x, y) = 3y − 4x3. Suppose you are standing on the surface
at the point where x = 3, y = 1. If you start to move on the surface parallel to the y-axis
in the direction of increasing y, does your height increase or decrease?
Ans: Increase
34. The diagram below shows the contour map for a circular island. Sketch the vertical
cross-section of the island through the center. Your sketch should show concavity clearly.
Ans:
Page 15
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moment he saw an animal of that species, though he showed no
symptoms of preparing for any defence. Bruce never heard that he
had any voice. During the day he was inclined to sleep, but became
restless and exceedingly unquiet as night came on.
Bruce describes his Fennec as about ten inches long; the tail, five
inches and a quarter, near an inch of it on the tip, black; from the
point of the fore-shoulder to that of the fore-toe, two inches and
seven-eighths; from the occiput to the point of the nose, two inches
and a half. The ears were erect, and three inches and three-eighths
long, with a plait or fold at the bottom on the outside; the interior
borders of the ears were thickly covered with soft white hair, but the
middle part was bare, and of a pink or rose colour; the breadth of the
ears was one inch and one eighth, and the interior cavity very large.
The pupil of the eye was large and black; the iris, deep blue. It had
thick and strong whiskers; the nose was sharp at the tip, black and
polished. The upper jaw was projecting; the number of cutting teeth
in each jaw, six, those in the under jaw the smallest; canine teeth,
two in each jaw, long, large, and exceedingly pointed; the number of
molar teeth, four on each side, above and below. The legs were
small; feet very broad, with four toes, armed with crooked, black, and
sharp claws on each; those on the fore-feet more crooked and sharp
than those behind. The colour of the body was dirty white, bordering
on cream-colour; the hair on the belly rather whiter, softer and longer
than on the rest of the body. His look was sly and wily. Bruce adds
that the Fennec builds his nest on trees, and does not burrow in the
earth.
Illiger, in his generic description of Megalotis, states the number of
molar teeth on each side of the upper jaw to be six, but gives no
account of those in the lower; nor does it appear on what authority
he describes the teeth at all, or where he inspected his type. In other
respects, his description agrees pretty closely with that given by
Bruce.
Sparman[82] took the Fennec to be of the species he has called
Zerda, a little animal found in the sands of Cambeda, near the Cape
of Good Hope; and Pennant and Gmelin have called Bruce’s animal,
after Sparman, Canis cerdo; Brander considered it as a species of
fox; Blumenbach rather as belonging to the Viverræ. Illiger quotes
Lacépède as having made a distinct genus of it, Fennecus[83], and
has himself placed it as one, under the name of Megalotis, in the
order Falculata, in the same family with, and immediately preceding
the genera Canis and Hyena.
M. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, assuming Bruce’s account to be
imperfect and inaccurate, supposes that the Fennec is neither more
nor less than a Galago; but M. Desmarest differs from him in opinion,
and places it in a situation analogous to that assigned it by Illiger, at
the end of the Digitigrades, in the order Carnassiers. Cuvier merely
takes the following short notice of this animal in a note, “Le Fennec
de Bruce que Gmelin a nommé Canis cerdo, et Illiger Megalotis, est
trop peu connu pour pouvoir être classé. C’est un petit animal
d’Afrique, dont les oreilles égalent presque le corps en grandeur, et
qui grimpe aux arbres, mais on n’en a descrit ni les dents ni les
doigts.” (Reg. Anim. I. 151. note). This eminent zoologist appears
from the above to hold our countryman’s veracity, or at least his
accuracy of observation, and fidelity of description, in the same low
estimation as M. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire; or he would hardly have
talked of the ears of the Fennec being nearly as large as its body[84],
or have asserted that neither the teeth nor toes have been
described. But the illustrious foreigners of whom we have, in no
offensive tone we hope, just spoken, are not the only persons who
have hesitated to place implicit confidence in all that Bruce has given
to the world: his own countrymen have shown at least an equal
disposition to set him down as a dealer in the marvellous. Time,
however, and better experience, are gradually doing the Abyssinian
traveller that justice which his cotemporaries were but too ready to
deny him.
M. Desmarest considers all the characters which Bruce has given
of the Fennec as correct, “not conceiving it possible, that he could
have assumed the far too severe tone he adopted in speaking of
Sparman and Brander, if he had not been perfectly sure of his facts.”
Mr. Griffith has given the figures of two animals, both, as he
conceives, belonging to this genus; one of them came from the Cape
of Good Hope, and is now in the Museum at Paris; it is named by
Cuvier Canis megalotis, and is described by Desmarest in his
Mammalogie, (Ency. Meth. Supp. p. 538): Major Smith has called it
Megalotis Lalandii, to distinguish it from Bruce’s Fennec. The other
animal is from the interior of Nubia, and is preserved in the Museum
at Frankfort. Both the figures are from the accurate and spirited
pencil of Major Hamilton Smith. The first animal is as large as the
common fox, and decidedly different from Bruce’s Fennec; the
second, Major Smith considers to be Bruce’s animal.
In the fifth volume of the Bulletin des Sciences, sect. 2. p. 262., is
an extract from a memoir of M. Leuckart, (Isis, 2 Cahier, 1825), on
the Canis cerdo, or Zerda of naturalists, in which it is stated that M.
M. Temminck and Leuckart saw the animal in the Frankfort Museum,
which had been previously drawn by Major Smith, and recognized it
for the true Zerda; and the former gentleman, in the prospectus of
his Monographies de Mammalogie, announced it as belonging to the
genus Canis, and not to that of Galago. M. Leuckart coincides in
opinion with M. Temminck, and conceives that the genus Megalotis,
or Fennecus, must be suppressed, “the animal very obviously
belonging to the genus Canis, and even to the subgenus Vulpes.” He
adds, “that it most resembles the C. corsac; the number of teeth and
their form are precisely the same as those of the fox, which it also
greatly resembles in its feet, number of toes, and form of tail. The
principal difference between the fox and the Zerda consists in the
great length of the ears of the latter and its very small size.”
The singular controversy, not even yet decided, that has arisen
respecting this little animal, has induced us to preface our
description of the individual before us, by this sketch of its history.
6—6 1—1
Fennecus. Dentium formula.—Dentes primores 6—6, laniarii 1—1
6—6
, molares 7—7?
F. supra rufescenti-albus, subtus pallidior; maculâ suboculari rufâ;

caudæ maculâ sub-basali nigrescenti-brunneâ, apice nigro.
Dimensions. Inches.
Length of the head from the extremity of the nose to the
occiput, 3⅜
Breadth between the eyes, 0⅞
Length of ears, 3⅛
Breadth of do. at the widest part, 2
Breadth of the cranium between the ears, 1⅝
Length from the occiput to the insertion of the tail, 9½
Tail, 6
[85]Height
before, from the ground to the top of the back,
above the shoulder, 6⅝
[85]Heightbehind, to the top of the back above the loins, 7½
Breadth of the extremity of the nose, 0⁵⁄₁₆
Length of the middle claws of the fore feet, 0⁷⁄₁₆
Exterior do. do. 0½
Middle and exterior claws of the hind feet, 0½
The general colour is white, slightly inclining to straw-yellow;
above, from the occiput to the insertion of the tail it is light rufous
brown, delicately pencilled with fine black lines, from thinly scattered
hairs tipped with black; the exterior of the thighs is lighter rufous
brown; the chin, throat, belly, and interior of the thighs and legs are
white, or cream colour. The nose is pointed, and black at the
extremity; above, it is covered with very short, whitish hair inclining to
rufous, with a small irregular rufous spot on each side beneath the
eyes; the whiskers are black, rather short and scanty; the back of the
head is pale rufous brown. The ears are very large, erect, and
pointed, and covered externally with short, pale, rufous-brown hair;
internally, they are thickly fringed on the margins with long greyish-
white hairs, especially in front; the rest of the ears, internally, is bare;
externally, they are folded or plaited at the base. The tail is very full,
cylindrical, of a rufous-brown colour, and pencilled with fine black
lines like the back; its colour is rather deeper above than on the
under part, and there is a small dark brown spot, at about an inch
below its insertion on the upper side; the ends of the hairs at the
extremity of the tail are black, forming a black tip about three
quarters of an inch long. The anterior feet are pentadactylous, the
posterior tetradactylous, and both are covered to the claws with
moderately long whitish hairs, slightly inclining to straw-yellow; the
claws are of a yellowish-white, or light horn-colour, moderately
hooked, very much compressed, and very sharp; those on the hinder
toes are most compressed, longest, and least arched. The fur is very
soft and fine; that on the back, from the forehead to the insertion of
the tail, as well as that on the upper part of the shoulder before, and
nearly the whole of the hinder thigh, is formed of tri-coloured hairs,
the base of which is of a dark lead colour, the middle white, and the
extremity light rufous brown.
The teeth of our animal are much worn, apparently by age; the
incisors in the upper jaw are nearly even, the second pair rather
broader than the rest; of those in the lower jaw, the outer pair are
considerably the largest.
The imperfect state of the teeth, and the difficulty of examining
them accurately without having the skull detached, forbids us to be
confident as to the number of grinders in either jaw. From the most
careful inspection, however, that we could make in the actual state of
the specimen, we are inclined to believe that the system of dentition
closely, if not exactly, resembles that of the dog. In the present state
of uncertainty, whilst opinions of the highest authority are so
discordant as to the genus to which this animal should be referred,
we do not feel ourselves at liberty to disturb the arrangement
adopted by Lacépède, Illiger, and Desmarest, but leave the ultimate
decision of the question to future naturalists, who may possess more
unequivocal data for its solution. One thing, indeed, is pretty obvious,
namely, that if Major Denham’s animal be not the identical species
described by Bruce, it certainly belongs to the same genus; for as it
does not appear that Bruce himself ever possessed a detached skull
of the Fennec, it is very easy to imagine that he could not accurately
ascertain the number of molar teeth in the head of a living animal of
such vivacity and quickness, and which was so impatient of being
handled, that he could not obtain a correct measurement of its ears,
or even count the number of paps on its belly. With such an animal it
is not unlikely, moreover, that the two last tubercular grinders should
escape the notice of any one attempting to examine the mouth under
circumstances so disadvantageous, those teeth being in some
measure concealed by the large projecting carnivorous tooth
immediately before them. That it cannot be a Galago, as M. Geoffroy
Saint Hilaire imagines, is sufficiently evident; and M. Desmarest has
given no less than six distinct, and, we think, conclusive reasons
against that opinion, through which, however, we must not follow him
at present. The subject has already grown under our hands to a far
greater bulk than we intended, and we conclude it by taking leave to
question the validity of M. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire’s argument
respecting the general veracity of Mr. Bruce, and consequently to
enter our protest against his Fennec being classed with the
Quadrumana.
We retain, provisionally, the generic name of Fennecus, first
proposed by Lacépède, and the specific one of Cerdo, adopted by
Gmelin; but should the animal ultimately prove to be a different
species from Canis cerdo, M. Desmarest’s specific appellation of
Brucii may with propriety be assigned to it.
Genus. Ryzæna. Ill.
Species 2.—Ryzæna tetradactyla.
Viverra tetradactyla. Gmel. I. 85.

Suricate. Buff. xiii. t. 8.
This animal was found on the banks of the rivers in the
neighbourhood of Lake Tchad.
Tribus. Plantigrades. Cuv.

Genus. Gulo. Storr.
Species 3.—Gulo capensis.

Gulo Capensis. Desm. Mamm. p. 176.
Viverra mellivora. Gmel. I. 91.
Ratel. Sparman.
Ratel weesel. Penn. Quad. II. 66.
The natives, from whom Major Denham had all the following
particulars, informed him, that during the rutting season the Ratel is
very fierce, not hesitating to attack a man. Each male has two or
three females, whom he scarcely suffers to be a moment out of his
sight; if either of them escape his jealous vigilance, and leave him for
a short time, she is sure to receive severe chastisement at her
return. This animal is very easily killed; a single blow on the nose,
which seems peculiarly sensible of the slightest injury, instantly
despatches him.
Ordo. Quadrumanes. Cuv.

Genus. Cercopithecus. Briss.
Species 4.—Cercopithecus ruber.
Cercopithecus ruber. Geoff. Ann. du Mus. xix. 96.

Simia rubra. Gmel. I. 34.
Le Patas. Buff. xiv. pl. 25 and 26.
Red Monkey. Penn. Quad. I. 208.
Ordo. Ruminans. Cuv.

Genus. Camelopardalis. Gmel.
Species 5.—Camelopardalis Giraffa.
Camelopardalis Giraffa. Gmel. I. 181.

Cervus Camelopardalis. Linn. I. 92.
Giraffe. Buff. XIII. p. 1.
Camelopard. Penn. Quad. I. 65.
The Giraffes were found on the south-eastern side of Lake Tchad,
generally in parties of from two to five or six. They are tolerably
numerous, but not very common. The motion of these animals is not
elegant; their pace is a short canter, in which they seem to drag their
hind legs after them, in an awkward fashion: their speed, however, is
such as to keep a horse at a pretty smart gallop. The skin brought
home by Major Denham is that of a young animal, not above a year
and a half or two years old; the colours are very much lighter than on
the skin of an adult animal. In its wild state, the Giraffe carries its
head remarkably erect; a character which, Major Denham remarks,
is not faithfully preserved in any figure he has seen of this animal.
Genus. Antilope. Pall.
Species 6.—Antilope Senegalensis.
Antilope Senegalensis. Desm. Mamm. p. 457.

Le Koba. Buff. xii. pl. 32. f. 2.
Senegal Antelope. Penn. Quad. I. 103.
Only the head and horns of this animal were brought home by
Major Denham; it was found on the plains of central Africa. The
natives call this species Korrigum.
Species 7—Antilope bezoartica.
Antilope gazella. Gmel. I. 190.

Capra bezoartica. Linn. I. 96.
Algazelle. Buff. xii. pl. 33. f. 1, 2.
Algazel Antelope. Penn. Quad. I. 77.
Linnæus’s description of Capra bezoartica speaks of the horns as
being “entirely annulated;” but Brisson, to whom Linnæus refers,
says they are annulated nearly to the end. In our specimens, a
considerable extent from the apex is without the rings. This
difference may probably arise from age. In other respects, the horns
before us perfectly answer the description of those of Linnæus’s
Capra bezoartica. M. Gmelin seems to have made some confusion
between the Capra Gazella and C. bezoartica of Linnæus. He has
changed the specific name of Gazella into that of oryx, and he has
made Linnæus’s bezoartica the Gazella of himself.
Only two horns of this species, and those apparently not fellows,
were sent home. This animal was found on the south side of the
River Shary, in central Africa.
Species 8.—Antilope cervicapra.
Antilope cervicapra. Pall.

Capra cervicapra. Linn. I. 96.
Antilope. Buff. xii. pl. 35 and 36.
Common Antelope. Penn. Quad. I. 89.
We have only the horns of this animal. Its African name is El
Buger Abiad, or the White Cow.
Genus. Bos. Linn.
Species 9.—Bos taurus.
Bos taurus. Linn. t. I. 98.

Major Denham brought home a pair of horns of enormous size,
belonging evidently, from their form, texture, and mode of insertion,
to a variety of the common Ox, of which he states that two kinds
exist in central Africa, one with a hump before, and very small horns;
the other altogether of a larger size, also with a hump, and immense
horns.
The circumference of one of the horns before us, at the largest
part near the base, is twenty-three inches and a quarter; its length,
following the line of curvature, three feet, six inches and a half. It has
two curves; and weighs six pounds and seven ounces. Internally it is
extremely cellular, or rather cavernous.
Species 10.—Bos bubalis.
Bos bubalis. Linn. I. 99.

Le Buffle. Buff. xi. pl. 25.
Buffalo. Penn. Quad. I. 28.
We possess the head, with the horns. The name by which the
native Africans call this animal is Zamouse.
Ordo. Pachydermes. Cuv.

Genus. Rhinoceros. Linn.
Species 11.—Rhinoceros bicornis.
Rhinoceros bicornis. Gmel. I. 57.

Rhinoceros unicornis. var. β. bicornis. Linn. I. 104.
Rhinoceros Africanus. Cuv.
Rhinoceros d’Afrique. Buff. Supp. vi. pl. 6.
Two-horned Rhinoceros. Penn. Quad. i. 150. pl. 29.
Here again we have the horns only. The local name of this animal
is Gargatan.
Ordo. Rongeurs. Cuv.

Genus. Sciurus. Linn.
Species 12.—Sciurus Dschinschicus.
Sciurus Dschinschicus. Gmel. I. 151.

Sciurus albovittatus. Desm. Mamm. p. 338.
Our species agrees exactly with M. Desmarest’s account of his S.
albovittatus, except that the tail is rather more decidedly distich than
that of the individual he describes; but the dried state of the skin
before us prevents our ascertaining its form very minutely. M.
Desmarest refers to pl. 89 of Sonnerat’s Voyage, vol. ii. for a figure
of his Ecurieul de Gingi, which he quotes as a variety of this species;
on looking into Sonnerat, we do not find any figure at all of this
animal referred to by that author. Plate 89 is a figure of the Maquis à
Bourres.
Genus. Hystrix. Linn.
Species 13.—Hystrix cristata.
Hystrix cristata. Linn. I. 74.

Porc-épic. Buff. xii. pl. 51.
Crested Porcupine. Penn. Quad.
Classis. Aves. Auct.

Ordo. Raptores. Ill.
Fam. Vulturidæ. Vigors. in Linn. Trans.
Genus. Vultur. Auct.
Species 1.—Vultur fulvus.
Vultur fulvus. Briss. I. 462, sp. 7.

Gyps vulgaris. Sav. Ois. d’Egypte.
Le Percnoptere. Pl. Enl. 426.
Vautour Griffon. Temm. Manuel d’Orn. p. 5.
Alpine Vulture. Var. B. Lath. Gen. Hist. I. p. 17.
This species was observed by Major Denham in the
neighbourhood of all the large towns through which he passed. It
was attracted by the offal, and refuse of every description, which the
inhabitants were accustomed to throw out for its use. For the
services which these birds thus performed, they met with protection
in return from the natives, who did not permit them to be destroyed.
Fam. Falconidæ. Leach.
Subfam. Accipitrina. V. in Linn. Trans.
Genus. Astur. Auct.
Species 2.—Astur musicus.
Falco musicus. Daud. Orn. II. 116, sp. lxxxviii.

Le Faucon chanteur. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. I. 117, pl. 27.
Chanting Falcon. Lath. Gen. Hist. I. p. 178.
This beautiful Hawk was met with occasionally in most parts of
central Africa, but not in any abundance. It was the only species of
the family which the officers of the expedition were enabled to
preserve and bring home.
Ordo. Insessores. V. in Linn. Trans.

Tribus. Fissirostres. Cuv.
Fam. Todidæ. V. in Linn. Trans.
Genus. Eurystomus. Vieill.
Species 3.—Eurystomus Madagascariensis.
Coracias Madagascariensis. Gmel. I. 379.

Le Rolle de Madagascar. Pl. Enl. 501.
Madagascar Roller. Lath. Gen. Hist. III. p. 79.
Fam. Halcyonidæ. V. in Linn. Trans.

Genus. Halcyon. Swains.
Species 4.—Halcyon erythrogaster.

Alcedo erythrogaster. Temm.
Alcedo Senegalensis, var. γ. Lath. Ind. Orn. 249.
Martin Pecheur du Senegal. Pl. Enl. 356, fig. inf.
The birds of this species were met with in abundance in those
situations near rivers which form the usual resort of the species of
this family. They were more particularly observed in the tamarind
trees.
Tribus. Conirostres. Cuv

Fam. Corvidæ. Leach.
Genus. Coracias. Linn.
Species 5.—Coracias Senegalensis.
Coracias Senegalensis. Gmel. I. 379.

Rollier du Senegal. Pl. Enl. 326.
Swallow-tailed Indian Roller. Edw. t. 327.
Senegal Roller. Lath. Gen. Hist. III. p. 75.
These splendid Rollers were very abundant in the thick
underwoods throughout central Africa.
Tribus. Scansores. Auct.

Fam. Psittacidæ. Leach.
Genus. Psittacus. Auct.
Species 6.—Psittacus erythacus.
Psittacus erythacus. Linn. i. 144.

Perroquet cendrée de Guinée. Pl. Enl. 311.
Ash-coloured Parrot. Alb. i. t. 12.
Several specimens of this species were brought over alive to this
country, which are now honoured with a place in His Majesty’s
collection.
Genus. Palæornis. V. in Zool. Journ.
Species 7—Palæornis torquatus.
Palæornis torquatus. V. in Zool. Journ. vol. II. p. 50.

Psittaca torquata. Briss. IV. 323.
La perruche à collier. Pl. Enl. 551.
Perruche à collier rose. Le Vaill. Hist. des Perr. pl. 22, 23.
This species, whose chief habitat is said to be in India, which is
the main resort of the group to which it belongs, appears to have a
very wide geographical distribution. It has been found on the coast of
Senegal, as well as by the officers of the present expedition in
central Africa. The specimen before us is very much mutilated, but
enough of the bird remains to enable us to identify the species.
Ordo. Rasores. Ill.

Fam. Tetraonidæ. Leach.
Genus. Pterocles. Temm.
Species 8.—Pterocles exustus.
Pterocles exustus. Temm. Pl. Col. ♂ 354. ♀ 360.

These birds were found in great numbers in the neighbourhood of
Bornou. They frequented the low sand hills which were scantily
covered with shrubs. Like most of the family, they were found to be
excellent eating.
Genus. Francolinus. Steph.
Species 9.—Francolinus Clappertoni.

Franc. supra brunneus fulvo-variegatus; subtus fulvo-albidus,
maculis longitudinalibus brunneis aspersus; strigâ superciliari
subocularique, gulâ, genisque albis, his brunneo-lineatis.
Pileus brunneus, ad frontem nigrescens. Striga nigra interrupta
extendit a rictu ad genas. Genarum plumæ, anteriores lineis
gracilibus, posteriores maculis ovalibus brunneis in medio notatæ.
Colli, pectoris, abdominisque plumæ in medio brunneæ marginibus
fulvo-albidis, rhachibus pallidis. Dorsi superioris, scapularium,
tectricumque plumæ pallido-fulvo marginatæ partimque fasciatæ.
Dorsi inferioris uropygiique plumæ pallidè brunneæ in medio fusco-
brunneo leviter notatæ. Remiges exteriores pogonio externo ad
basin fulvo-fasciato, pogonio interno ad basin brunneo, versus
apicem rufo-fulvo; interiores utrinque fulvo-fasciatæ. Ptila inferiora in
medio brunnea, fulvo ad margines notata. Pteromata inferiora in
medio fusca, marginibus fulvis. Femorum plumæ fulvæ in medio
brunneæ. Rectrices brunneæ fasciis plurimis fulvis undulatæ.
Rostrum superné nigrum, infra ad basin rubro tinctum. Pedes, ad
frontem nigri, poné rubescentes: tarsis bicalcaratis, calcare superiore
obtuso, inferiore acuto. Longitudo corporis, 14 unc.; alæ a carpo ad
remigem 5tam, 7⅕; caudæ, 3⅘; rostri, 1¹⁄₂₈; tarsi, 2³⁄₁₀.
This species of Francolin, which appears to us to be hitherto
undescribed, was met with in tolerable abundance. It frequented
sand hills, covered with low shrubs; and was very difficult to be
procured in consequence of the great speed with which it ran. We
have named the species after Captain Clapperton, R. N. the intrepid
and intelligent companion of Major Denham.
Fam. Struthionidæ. V. in Linn. Trans.

Genus. Struthio. Auct.
Species 10.—Struthio camelus.

Struthio camelus. Linn. I. 265.
L’Autruche. Pl. Enl. 457. ♀
The Black Ostrich. Brown’s Illust. of Zool. pl. 16.
Major Denham succeeded in bringing alive to this country four of
these noble birds, which are at present in His Majesty’s menagerie at
Windsor.
Genus. Otis. Linn.
Species 11.—Otis Denhami.

O. fusco-brunneo et pallido-fulvo undulatim punctulata, capite
brunnescenti-nigro, superciliis genis gulâque albidis, collo rufo,
pectore cinereo; pteromatibus remigibus rectricibusque nigris, istis
albo-maculatis, his albo-fasciatis; corpore subtus rufescenti-albo.
Capitis pileus parsque superior nuchæ brunnescenti-nigri.
Regionis auricularis plumæ elongatæ, decompositæ, cinerascenti-
albæ. Colli inferioris plumæ frontales elongatæ. Dorsi, uropygii,
scapularium, ptilorumque plumæ fusco-brunneæ, pallido-fusco
undulatim punctulatæ. Pteromata nigra maculis albis grandibus
irregulariter notata. Tectrices inferiores albæ ad marginem alarum
fusco-variegatæ. Rectrices nigræ; duæ exteriores pogonio interno
fasciis duabus albis, externo tribus, notatæ; cæteræ tribus fasciis
ejusdem coloris utrinque notatæ, fasciâ sub-apicali nigro sparsâ:
duæ mediæ ad apicem fusco-brunneæ, pallido-fusco undulatim
punctulatæ. Irides flavæ. Rostrum corneum. Pedes nigri. Longitudo
corporis, 3 ped. 9 unc.; caudæ, 1 pes, 4 unc.; rostri, ad frontem, 3¾
unc., ad rictum, 4½ unc.; tarsi, 7 unc.; digiti medii, ungue incluso, 2¾
unc.; exterioris, 1⁷⁄₀ unc.
African Bustard? Lath. Gen. Hist. Vol. VIII. p. 361.

We have hitherto seen no description that exactly accords with
the bird before us. The African Bustard described by Dr. Latham, in
the second edition of his “Synopsis,” lately published under the title
of “A General History of Birds,” appears to be the most allied to it.
But the head of that bird is described as being bare; and such a
marked difference prevents us from referring our bird to that species,
with which it generally agrees in other points, without some note of
doubt. Our specimen is unfortunately very defective: in the quill
feathers, and fore parts of the neck, more particularly. These latter
are described by Major Denham as singularly beautiful, being
elongated and swelling out into a kind of ruff. We are happy to have
the opportunity of distinguishing this bird by the name of the
enterprising traveller to whose zeal we are indebted for the species
itself, and many other valuable acquisitions to science.
This species was met with, in the rainy season, near the larger
towns, but not in any great abundance. It frequented moist places,
where the herbage was pure and fresh. In such places it was taken
in snares by the natives, who used it for food. It was almost
invariably met with singly, Major Denham never having observed a
pair together more than once. It is singular, also, that it was always
found in company with Gazelles whenever a Bustard was observed,
it was certain that the Gazelles were not far distant. Major Denham
describes the eye of this bird as large and brilliant. In like manner as
is recorded of the Gazelle, with which this bird seems to have so
close a sympathy, the Arabs are accustomed to compare the eyes of
their most beautiful women to those of the Oubara[86].
Ordo. Grallatores. Ill.

Fam. Gruidæ. V. in Linn. Trans.
Genus. Balearica. Briss.
Species 12. Balearica pavonina.

Ardea pavonina. Linn. I. 233.
Balearica. Briss. v. 511.
Oiseau royal. ♀ Id. Ib. pl. 41.
L’oiseau royal. ♂ Pl. Enl. 265.
Crowned African Crane. Edw. t. 192.
Crowned Heron. Lath. Gen. Hist. IX. p. 26.
These birds were found in the neighbourhood of the smaller lakes.
They were generally observed in flocks of six or eight. A single pair
was sometimes met with, but a single bird scarcely ever.
Genus. Platalea. Linn.
Species 13.—Platalea leucorodia.
Platalea leucorodia. Linn. I. 231.

La Spatule. Pl. Enl. 405.
Spatule blanche. Temm. Manuel d’Orn. p. 595.
White Spoonbill. Penn. Brit. Zool. App. t. 9.
These birds were found in the smaller lakes, and in grounds which
were overflowed. They were met with in tolerable plenty.
Fam. Ardeidæ. Leach.

Genus. Ardea. Auct.
Species 14.—Ardea Coromandelensis.
Ardea Coromandelensis. Steph, in Sharts Gen. Zool. XI. p. 577.

Ardea russata. Temm. Manuel d’Orn. p. 506.
Ardea affinis? Horsf. Linn. Trans. Vol. XIII. p. 189.
Ardea comata. var. β. Lath. Ind. Orn. 687.
Crabier de la côté de Coromandel. Pl. Enl. 910.
This bird was shot in the neighbourhood of Alph, a town situated
in the middle of a swamp, described at page 233 of these travels.
They were seen in some abundance in that neighbourhood, and
were noticed by Major Denham as remarkable for their beauty and
gracefulness.
Species 15.—Ardea melanocephala.

Ard. cinerea; capite cristato, colli parte posteriore lateribusque,
regione interhumerali, remigibus, rectricibusque nigris, gulâ collique
parte anteriore albis.
Colli inferioris plumæ elongatæ cinerascentes. Dorsi pars anterior
inter humeros nigra, posterior saturatè cinerea. Ptila pallidè cinerea.
Tectrices inferiores albæ. Rostrum nigrum, mandibulâ inferiore
flavescente, apicem versus nigro marginatâ. Pedes nigri. Longitudo
corporis, 2 ped. 9 unc.; alæ, 15 unc.; rostri, 4; tarsi, 6.
We feel much hesitation in characterizing the bird before us as a
distinct species. In a family like the present, where there is so much
variation both in age and sex in the same species, it is almost
impossible to decide upon the identity or distinction of species,
unless by actual observation of the birds themselves in their native
haunts, and in their different ages and states of plumage. On the
whole, however, it is perhaps the most eligible plan to keep those
species separate which show evident marks of distinction; leaving it
to more accurate observation to ascertain whether they may be
identical with described species, and differing merely by age, sex, or
the variations of plumage according to the different seasons of the
year.
The bird before us might, at first sight, be supposed to be the
common Ardea cinerea, Linn. But that bird, as far as we have
observed, never possesses the entirely black head which
distinguishes the specimen before us; nor has it the black on the
hind part of the neck, nor on the back between the shoulders. The
younger bird of our common species has those parts cinereous
which are black in the adult: and the crest and lower feathers of the
neck are never so much elongated as in the old bird. The strength of
the black markings in Major Denham’s species, moreover, and the
developement of the crest, neck, and scapular feathers, prevent us
from concluding it to be an immature bird. If we allow it to be adult, it
is decidedly distinct from the adult of A. cinerea. We know no other
allied species to which we might consider it referable.
These birds were found in great abundance in all the lakes and
marshes throughout the route of our travellers. They were met with
in company with numberless other species of the family, specimens
of which our officers were prevented from preserving, or bringing
home, in consequence of the difficulties attending the expedition, to
which we have before alluded.
Genus. Scopus. Briss.
Species 16.—Scopus umbretta.
Scopus umbretta. Gmel. I. 618.

L’Ombrette du Senegal. Pl. Enl. 796.
The Umbre. Brown’s Illust. of Zool. pl. 35.
Tufted Umbre. Lath. Gen. Hist. Vol. IX. p. 23.
Major Denham informs us, that this bird was very rarely seen. The
few he observed were met with in the Mimosa trees.
Genus. Ibis. Lacep.
Species 17—Ibis Æthiopicus.
Tantalus Æthiopicus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 706.

Ibis religiosa. Cuv. Regne Anim. I. 483.
Abou Hannez. Bruce’s Trav. Append. pl. p. 172.
This bird, which is of exceeding interest as being one of the two
species of Ibis which were the objects of sacred worship among the
Egyptians, was met with by Major Denham on the west borders of

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In 1986 a successful advertising campaign led to a dramatic increase in demand for

Enter your answers separated by a semi-colon.

difficulty: medium section: 12.1

(b) ( y − 0)2 + (z –1)2 = 3 .

10. A certain piece of electronic surveying equipment is designed to operate in temperatures

What is the value of p(0, 25)?

11. A certain piece of electronic surveying equipment is designed to operate in temperatures

Describe the function p(10, h) and explain its meaning.

difficulty: easy section: 12.2

Ans: A circle (of radius 1) in the plane z = 1.

difficulty: medium section: 12.2

19. Match the graph with the function.

Ans: A difficulty: easy section: 12.2

20. Match the graph with the function.

Ans: A difficulty: medium section: 12.2

Ans: C difficulty: medium section: 12.2

difficulty: easy section: 12.2

24. Match the following function with the graphs below.

Ans: C difficulty: easy section: 12.2

25. Match the function with the graph below.

Ans: B difficulty: easy section: 12.2

27. The graph of the function f(x, y) is shown below.

Draw graph of cross-sections with y fixed at y = 0, and y = 1.

difficulty: easy section: 12.2

difficulty: easy section: 12.3

F. supra rufescenti-albus, subtus pallidior; maculâ suboculari rufâ;

Genus. Ryzæna. Ill.

Species 2.—Ryzæna tetradactyla.

Viverra tetradactyla. Gmel. I. 85.

Tribus. Plantigrades. Cuv.

Species 3.—Gulo capensis.

Ordo. Quadrumanes. Cuv.

Species 4.—Cercopithecus ruber.

Cercopithecus ruber. Geoff. Ann. du Mus. xix. 96.

Ordo. Ruminans. Cuv.

Species 5.—Camelopardalis Giraffa.

Camelopardalis Giraffa. Gmel. I. 181.

Genus. Antilope. Pall.

Species 6.—Antilope Senegalensis.

Antilope Senegalensis. Desm. Mamm. p. 457.

Species 7—Antilope bezoartica.

Antilope gazella. Gmel. I. 190.

Species 8.—Antilope cervicapra.

Antilope cervicapra. Pall.

Genus. Bos. Linn.

Species 9.—Bos taurus.

Bos taurus. Linn. t. I. 98.

Bos bubalis. Linn. I. 99.

Ordo. Pachydermes. Cuv.

Species 11.—Rhinoceros bicornis.

Rhinoceros bicornis. Gmel. I. 57.

Ordo. Rongeurs. Cuv.

Species 12.—Sciurus Dschinschicus.

Sciurus Dschinschicus. Gmel. I. 151.

Genus. Hystrix. Linn.

Species 13.—Hystrix cristata.

Hystrix cristata. Linn. I. 74.

Classis. Aves. Auct.

Species 1.—Vultur fulvus.

Vultur fulvus. Briss. I. 462, sp. 7.

Species 2.—Astur musicus.