DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COMPLEX ANALYSIS & APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (U19MET31)
PART B
UNIT I

1. If f ( z )  u  iv is regular function, Prove that u  c1 , v  c2 are orthogonal

If u(x, y) = c1, then du = 0

By total differential operator we have
u u
du  dx  dy
x y

u u
0 dx  dy
x y

u u
 dx   dy
x y

u
dy
   x  m1
dx u
y

Similarly for the curvev(x, y) = c2, we have

v
dy
   x  m2
dx v
y

dy
For any curve gives the slope.
dx
The product of the slope is

u v
m1m2  x  x
u v
y y

ux v
m1m2   x
uy vy
 ux  uy
m1m2   since by C-R equation
uy ux

m1m2  1

 c1 and c2 are orthogonal to each other.

2. Show that u( x, y)  3x 2 y  2 x 2  y 3  2 y 2 is a harmonic function and find an

analytic function f(z) such that f(z) = u+iv Show that the function f ( z )  z is
nowhere differentiable
3. Prove that w= logz is analytic and find its derivative.

UNIT II
1
1. Find the image of Z  1  1 under the mapping  
z
1
2. Discuss the transformation w 
z
1
w =
z
1
z =
w
1 u  iv
x + iy = =
u  iv (u  iv)(u  iv)
u  iv
=
u 2  v2
u v
x + iy = 2 2 - i 2 2
u v u v
Equating real and imaginary parts,
u v
x = 2 2         (1) y = - 2 2         (2)
u v u v
u v
2 2
1
x2  y 2  x2  y 2  2 2
Now u  v 
2 2
2
u  v 
The general equation of the circle in z-plane is,
 
a x 2  y 2  bx  cy  d  0         (3)
Substituting equation (1) ,( 2) in (3), we get
a bu cv
 2 2  2 2 d 0

u v
2 2

u v u v
a  bu  cv  d  u 2  v 2   0         (4)
which is a circle in w plane.
S.No Condition Z - Plane W - Plane
Circle not passing through Circle not passing through the
1 a  0, d  0
the origin origin
 Straight line not passing Circle passing through the
2 a = 0, d  0
through the origin origin
Circlet passing through the Straight line not passing
3 a  0, d = 0
origin through the origin
Straight line passing Straight line passing through
4 a = 0, d = 0
through the origin the origin

1
3. Find the image of the circle z  1  1 under the mapping  
z

UNIT III
3z  1
1. Evaluate
c
z3
z
dz ,where c is z =2. using Cauchy integral formula

3z  1 3z  1 3z  1
c z3  z dz  c z z 2  1 dz  c z  z  1 z  1 dz
 
Z=0 lies inside c
Z= 1,-1 lies outside c.
3z  1
3z  1
c zz 01 dz
2

c z 3  z dz 
 2 i f  0 

3z  1
f z 
Now z2 1
1
f  0  1
1
3z  1
z dz  2 i 1  2 i
c
3
z

sin z 2  cos z 2
2. Evaluate c ( z  1)( z  2) dz where c is z =3 using Cauchy integral formula
sin  z 2  cos  z 2
Let f ( z) 
( z  1)( z  2)
Here z = 1, 2 lies inside the circle |z| = 3
sin  z 2  cos  z 2 A B
Consider  
( z  1)( z  2) z 1 z  2
sin  z  cos  z  A  z  2   B  z  1
2 2

Put z = 2 put z = 1
sin 4  cos 4  B 1 sin   cos   A  1
1 B 1   A
B 1 A 1
 sin  z 2  cos  z 2 1 1
 
( z  1)( z  2) z 1 z2

sin  z 2  cos  z 2 1 1
c ( z  1)( z  2) dz   z  1 dz   z  2 dz
c c

sin  z 2  cos  z 2
c ( z  1)( z  2) dz  2 if 1  2 if  2
f  z  1 f  z  1
Here
f 1  1 f  2  1

sin  z 2  cos  z 2
c ( z  1)( z  2) dz  2 i 1  2 i 1
 4 i

z where c is the circle z  2  1

3. Evaluate
 ( z  1)( z  2) dz
c
2
2
Here z  1, 2 are the two points
1
Given z  2 
2

At z = 1 At z=2
1 1
1 2  22 
2 2
1 1
1  0
2 2
1 1
1 0
2 2
It lies outside c It lies inside c
z
zdz ( z  1)
c ( z  1)( z  2)2  c ( z  2)2 dz
zdz 1
  ( z  1)( z  2)
c
2

1!
 2 i  f (a)        (1)

Here a = 2
z
f ( z) 
z 1
f ( z ) 
 z  1  z 
1
 z  1  z  1
2 2

1
f (2)   1
1
Sub in eqn (1)
 zdz 1
  ( z  1)( z  2)
c
2

1!
 2 i  (1)

zdz
 ( z  1)( z  2)
c
2
 2 i

UNIT IV

2 z z z
1. Solve 2  2   0 by the method of separation of variables.
x x y
Let z  X ( x).Y ( y)
z  XY ----------------------------- (*)

z
 X Y
x
z
 X Y
y

2 z
 X  Y
x 2

Substitute in given equation

X  Y  2 X  Y  X Y   0

 X   2 X  Y   X Y 

 X   2X  

Y
k
X Y
Case (1):
 X   2X  
k
Consider X
 X   2 X    kX

X   2 X   kX  0
The above equation is quadratic in X
Here a = 1, b = -2, c = -k

b  b 2  4ac
X
2a

2  4  4k
X
2
 2  2 1 k
X
2

X  1 1 k

 The roots are X  1  1  k , 1  1  k

1 
1 k x 1 
1 k x
X  c1e  c2e
---------------------- (1)
Case (2):
Y 
k
Consider Y
Y    kY
Y   kY  0

 D  k Y  0
mk  0
m  k
Y  c3e ky
-------------------------- (2)
Substitute eqn (1) and (2) in (*)
1  1     ky 
z  x, y   c1e
1 k x 1 k x
 c2e ce 
   3
1  1    ky
z  x, y   c1c3e
1 k x 1 k x
 c2c3e e
 
1  1    ky
z  x, y    Ae
1 k x 1 k x
 Be e
 

u u
2. Solve by method of separation of variables 3 2  0 when u(x,0) = 4e-x
x y
Let u  XY ----------------------------- (*)
u
 X Y
x
u
 X Y
y

Substitute in given equation

3X Y  2 X Y   0
3 X Y   2 X Y 
X 2Y 
 k
X 3Y
Case (1):
X
Consider k
X
X   kX
X   kX  0

D  k X  0
mk
X  c1ekx ---------------------- (1)

Case (2):
2Y 
Consider k
3Y

Y    32 kY
Y   32 kY  0

 D  32 k  Y  0
m  32 k  0

m   32 k
3
 ky
Y  c2e 2
-------------------------- (2)
Substitute eqn (1) and (2) in (*)
3
 ky
u  x, y   c1ekx c2e 2

 3 
k  x y 
u  x, y   Ae  2 
-------------------(3)

Given u  x,0   4e
x

u  x,0   Ae
k  x

k  x
4e x  Ae
Comparing both sides, we get
A  4, k   1
Substitute in eqn (3)
 3 
 x  y 
u  x, y   4e  2 
 u u
3. Solve by method of separation of variables 4   3u where u(0,t) = e-5t
x t

UNIT V

1. A rod of length ‘l’ has its ends kept at 0  c and 200 c respectively, until steady state
conditions prevail. The temperature of the end B is then suddenly reduced to 0 c
and that of the end A is maintained. Find the subsequent temperature distribution
u(x, t) at a distance x from the point A and at time t.
u  2u
We know that the heat flow equation is 2 2
t x
Given 1  0 and 2  200

   
w.k.t u   2 1  x  1
 
 200  0 
u  x0
 
200
u x

Now the boundary conditions are

(i) u(0, t )  0, for all t  0
(ii) u(l , t )  0, for all t  0
200 x
(iii) u ( x, 0)  , 0 x
l
u  2u
The suitable solution of   2 2 is
t x

u( x, t )  ( A cos px  B sin px)e

2
p 2t
----(1)
Applying condition (i) we get

u(0, t )  Ae  0
2
p 2t

But e 0 A  0
2 2
p t

Substituting A  0 in (1) we get

u( x, t )  B sin pxe  0
2
p 2t
----(2)
Applying condition (ii) in (2) we get

u(l , t )  B sin ple  0

2
p 2t

Here B  0 since if B  0 we get trivial solution.

e   0 since it is true for all ‘t’

2
p 2t
 Hence sin pl  0 i.e., pl  n

n
Therefore p
l
n
Substituting p  in (2) we get
l
 2 n 2 2t
nx 
u ( x, t )  B sin e l2
l
The most general solution can be written as
 2 n2 2t

n x 
u ( x, t )   Bn sin e l2
----(3)
n 1 l
Applying condition (iii) in (3) we get


n x 200 x
u ( x, 0)   Bn sin 
n 1 l l
200x
To find Bn expand in (0, l ) in half- range Fourier sine series we get,
l
200 x  n x
  Bn sin
l n 1 l

n x
l
2 200 x
Now Bn   sin dx
l 0 l l
l
  
   cos n x    sin n x  
400  l   1 l    400  l cos n 
2
 2 x     
l   n   n   
2
l2  n 
  l     
   l    0
400
 (1)n1  cos n  (1) n 
n
Substituting in (3) we get
 2 n2 2t

400 n x 
u ( x, t )   (1) n1 sin e l2

n 1 n l

2. A rod 30cm, long has its ends A and B kept at 40 c and 100 c respectively. Until
steady state conditions prevail. The temperature at each end is then suddenly
reduced to 0  c and kept so. Find the temperature u(x, t).

3. A rod of length l has its ends A and B kept at 0 c and 100 c respectively, until

steady state conditions prevail. If the temperature at B is reduced suddenly to 0 c
and kept so, while that of A is maintained, find the temperature u ( x, t ) at distance X
from A at time t