PART – A (10x2 = 20 Marks)

 3 1 4
1
 
1. Find the Eigen value of A when A   0 2 6 
0 0 5
 
Solution:
The Eigen values of A are 3,2,5 Since A is upper triangular matrix.
1 1 1
The Eigen values of A 1 are , ,
3 2 5
2. Write down the matrix of the quadratic from 2 x 2  8z 2  4 xy  10 xz  2 yz .
Solution:
The matrix of the quadratic form is
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥𝑧
2 2
1 1 2 2 5
𝑄 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑧 = 2 0 −1
2 2 5 −1 8
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑧 2
2 2

−1 0 0
3. Given A = 2 −3 0 find the eigen values of 𝐴2
1 4 2
Sol : the given matrix A is a lower triangular matrix

∴the eigen values of A are -1 , - 3, 2

The eigen values of 𝐴2 are (−1)2 , (−3)2 , 22

i.e) 1 , 9 , 4
   
4. Find  such that F  (3x  2 y  z )i  (4 x  ay  z) j  ( x  y  2 z )k is solenoidal.
Solution:
Given:
    
F  (3x  2 y  z)i  (4x  ay  z) j  ( x  y  2z)k . Also given  . F  0
 
.F  3x  2 y  z    (4 x  ay  z )   ( x  y  2 z )  0
x y z
3 a  2  0
a50
a  5
5. Find the unit normal vector to the surface x 2  y 2  z at (1, -2, 5).
Solution:
  x2  y2  z

Unit normal vector nˆ   (1)
|  |
     
  i j k
x y z
  
 i [2 x]  j [2 y ]  k [1]
  
(1, 2,5)  i [2]  j [4]  k
  
 2i  4 j  k
|  | 22  (4) 2  (1) 2  4  16  1  21
  
2i  4 j  k
(1)  nˆ 
21

2
6. Find the critical points of the transformation w  1 .
z
Solution:
dw  2 
Critical point  0    
dz  z2 
2
0
z2
z 2  2  z  i 2  z  i 2 , z  i 2 are critical point

7. Show that the function f ( z )  z is nowhere differentiable.

Solution:

Let

w  f ( z)  Z
u  iv  x  iy
u  x , v  y
u x  1, v y  0
u y  0, v y  1
u x  v y at any point p(x, y)

Hence, CR equations are not satisfied.

  The function f (z ) is nowhere analytic.

4
8. Find the residue of 𝑓 𝑧 = at a simple pole.
𝑧 3 𝑧−2
4
Solution: 𝑓 𝑧 = Poles are given by 𝑧 3 𝑧 − 2 = 0
𝑧 3 𝑧−2
⇒ 𝑧 = 0 𝑡𝑕𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 and z = 2
4
Res f(z) = lim ( z- 2)
𝑧 3 𝑧−2
4
= lim
𝑧3
4 1
= =
8 2

z
9. Evaluate  z  2 dz , where C is ( a ) | z | 1 , ( b )| z | 3.
C
Solution:
z
Let I   dz,
Cz2
Singular point are given by z – 2 = 0 z = 2.
Case i: C is |z| = 1, Since |2|=1
So, z = 2 lies outside C.
z
By Cauchy’s integral theorem, I   dz  0.
Cz2
Case ii: C is |z| = 3, Since |2|=3
So, z = 2 lies inside C.
z
By Cauchy’s integral theorem, I  z  2 dz  2if ( 2 ), here f ( z )  z.
C
I  4i

10. Verify initial value theorem for the function f (t )  ae bt .

Solution:
Initial value theorem is lim f (t )  lim sF ( s)
t 0 s 
bt
Given f (t )  ae
 1
F ( s )  L[ f (t )]  L  ae bt   a.
  sb
Now L.H .S .  lim f (t )  lim ae bt  a
t 0 t 0
and R.H .S .  lim sF ( s )
s 
1 1
 lim s.a  a lim a
s  sb s 
1
b
s
 L.H .S  R.H .S

11. State the sufficient condition for the existence of Laplace transforms.
Solution:

(i) f(t) should be continuous or piecewise continuous in the given closed interval [a, b]
where a> 0

(ii) f(t) should be of exponential order.

 s2 
12. Find L1 2 .
 s  4s  5 

Solution:

 s2  1  s2  1  s  2 
L1 2 L  2   L  
 s  4s  5   s  4s  4  4   s  2  4 
2

 s   2t
 e  2t L1 2   e cos 2t .
 s  22 

1 1
13. Find the eigen values of A =
3 −1
1 1
Sol : let A =
3 −1
The characteristic equation of A is 𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 = 0

i.e )𝜆2 − 𝑠1 𝜆 + 𝑠2 = 0

𝑠1 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 1 − 1 = 0

𝑠2 = 𝐴 = −1 − 3 = −4

The characteristic equation is 𝜆2 − 0𝜆 + −4 = 0

 𝜆2 − 4 = 0

𝜆 = ±2

The eigen values are 2 , - 2

14. For a given matrix A of order 3 , A = 32 and two of its eigen values are 8 and 2. Find the
sum of the eigen values.
Sol : Given matrix A of order 3

Let the eigen values are 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆3

We know that 𝐴 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 = 𝜆1 𝜆2 𝜆3

𝐴 = 32 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜆1 = 8 , 𝜆2 = 2

𝜆1 𝜆2 𝜆3 = 32

8.2 𝜆3 = 32 => 𝜆3 = 2

Sum of the eigen values = 𝜆1 + 𝜆2 + 𝜆3 = 8 + 2 + 2 = 12

 3 10 5 
15. If 2, 2, 3 are the Eigenvalues of A   2 3 4  . Find the Eigenvalues of AT.
 3 5 7
 

Solution:

A square matrix A and its transpose AT have the same Eigenvalues.

Hence Eigenvalues of AT are 2, 2, 3.

   
16. Find  such that F  (3x  2 y  z )i  (4 x  ay  z) j  ( x  y  2 z )k is solenoidal.
Solution:
Given:
    
F  (3x  2 y  z)i  (4x  ay  z) j  ( x  y  2 z)k . Also given  . F  0
 
.F  3x  2 y  z    (4 x  ay  z )   ( x  y  2 z )  0
x y z
3 a  2  0
a50
a  5
 17. Find the unit normal vector to the surface x 2  y 2  z at (1, -2, 5).
Solution:
  x2  y2  z

Unit normal vector nˆ   (1)
|  |
     
  i j k
x y z
  
 i [2 x]  j [2 y ]  k [1]
  
(1, 2,5)  i [2]  j [4]  k
  
 2i  4 j  k
|  | 22  (4) 2  (1) 2  4  16  1  21
  
2i  4 j  k
(1)  nˆ 
21

18. Find the constants a, b, c if f ( z)  x  ay  i(bx  cy ) is analytic.

Solution:

f ( z )  ( x  2ay )  i (3 x  by )

u  iv  ( x  2ay )  i (3 x  by )
u  ( x  2ay ) v  (3 x  by )
u x 1 vx  3
u y  2a vy  b
Given : f ( z ) is analytic
 ux  vy u y  v x
1 b 2a  3
3
a b 1
2

1 z
19. Find the invariant points of the transformation   .
1 z
Solution:

The invariant (fixed) points are given by

 z 1
z
z 1
z  z  1  z  1
z2  z  z 1
z2  2z 1  0
z  1  2, z  1  2

20. Expand 𝑒 𝑧 in a Taylors series about z = 0.

Solution:
𝑓 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 ; 𝑓 0 = 𝑒0 = 1
𝑓′ 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 ; 𝑓′ 0 = 𝑒0 = 1
𝑓 ′ ′ 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 ; 𝑓 ′′ 0 = 𝑒 0 = 1
𝑓 ′′′ 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 ; 𝑓 ′′′ 0 = 𝑒 0 = 1

∴ Taylors series about z = 0 is

𝑓 ′′ 0 𝑓 ′′ ′ 0 𝑓 𝑛
0
𝑓 𝑧 = 𝑓 0 + 𝑓′ 0 z − 0 + z−0 2
+ z−0 3
+⋯ z−0 n
2! 3! n!
+ … to ∞
1 2 1
𝑓 𝑧 =1+ z + z + z 3 +…
2! 3!

z
 z  2 dz, where C is (a) | z | 1, (b) | z | 3.
21. Evaluate C
Solution:
z
Let I   dz,
Cz2
Singular point are given by z – 2 = 0 z = 2.
Case i: C is |z| = 1, Since |2|=1
So, z = 2 lies outside C.
z
By Cauchy’s integral theorem, I   dz  0.
Cz2
Case ii: C is |z| = 3, Since |2|=3
So, z = 2 lies inside C.
z
By Cauchy’s integral theorem, I   dz  2if (2), here f ( z )  z.
Cz2
I  4i

22. Verify initial value theorem for the function f (t )  ae bt .

Solution:
Initial value theorem is lim f (t )  lim sF ( s)
t 0 s 
bt
Given f (t )  ae
1
F ( s )  L[ f (t )]  L  ae bt   a.
  sb
Now L.H .S .  lim f (t )  lim ae bt  a
t 0 t 0
and R.H .S .  lim sF ( s )
s 
1 1
 lim s.a  a lim a
s  sb s 
1
b
s
 L.H .S  R.H .S

23. State the sufficient condition for the existence of Laplace transforms.
Solution:

(i) f(t) should be continuous or piecewise continuous in the given closed interval [a, b]
where a> 0

(ii) f(t) should be of exponential order.

s2 
24. Find L1 2 .
 s  4s  5 

Solution:

 s2  1  s2  1  s  2 
L1 2 L  2   L  
 s  4s  5   s  4s  4  4   s  2  4 
2

 s   2t
 e  2t L1 2   e cos 2t .
 s  22 

PART – B

1. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix

2. Using Cayley – Hamilton theorem find A1 and A4 for the matrix
3. Reduce the quadratic form to canonical form by means of orthogonal transformation and
also find index, signature, rank and nature of the quadratic form
4. Reduce the quadratic form to canonical form by an orthogonal transformation.
5. Find a and b so that the surfaces cut orthogonally at P.
6. Check the F is irrotational or not and also find its scalar potential.
7. Problem based on Gradient.
8. Problems based on Gauss divergence theorem.
9. Problem based on Greens Theorem.
10. Problem based on Stoke’s Theorem.
11. Properties of Analytical function for complex number.
12. Problems based on Bilinear transformation.
13. Problems based on Milen’s Thomson Methods.
14. Problems based on conformal mapping.
15. Problems based on Cauchy’s integral formula.
16. Problems based on Contour integration.
17. Find the Laplace transform of the periodic function.
18. Laplace transform of simple function.
19. Inverse Laplace transform of simple function
20. Problem based on convolution theorem.
21. Problem based on differential equation using Laplace transform.