PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

SUBJECT:PRACTICAL ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE

LECTURE:SORAYA GABRIELA DINAMIKA,MA

GROUP 2
MEMBER’S NAME:
1.DITALIA YULIASTIKA SEMBIRING (238520015)
2.PARIDA SANDIRA UTARI (238520046)
3.HOTNAIDA TIURLINA (238520039)
4.SURIANI SYAHFITRI (238520020)
5.NAOMI INDRIYANI TAMPUBOLON (238520026)
6.NOVA REVALINA SILITONGA (238520044)
7.PUTRI DWI HARDIYANI (238520004)
8.DINA ANDHINI (238520010)
9.NAZRIA SUHAILA (238520008)
10.RACHEL RISANROSA E TAMPUBOLON (238520024)
11.SELLA AGRETHA (228510016)

MEDAN AREA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL & POLITICAL SCIENCES
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION STUDY PROGRAM
2023
 PREFACE

Praise and thank you let us say the presence of Allah swt, because with his permission the author
was able to complete this paper well.Shalawat and greetings may be poured out to the Prophet
Muhammad.

The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill the group assignment of the public transportation vs
private transportation. Apart from that, this paper also aims to increase insight into “PUBLIK
TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION”.

We would like to thank Ms. Soraya Gabriela Dinamika,MA as lecturer in the English for Social
Science course who has given this assignment so that we can increase our knowledge and
insight.

We realize that the paper we have written is still far from perfect, therefore we will look forward
to constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper. If there are words that
are unpleasant, I apologize profusely,Thank you.

AUTHOR

MEDAN,18 DECEMBER 2023

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE……………………………………………………………………………………..

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………...

CHAPTER 1……………………………………………………………………………………

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………

1.1 Background Of The Paper…………………………………………………………..

1.2 Formalutation Of The Problem……………………………………………………..
1.3 Purpose Of writing a Paper………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER II…………………………………………………………………………………….

DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………………

2.1 Understanding Public Transportation & Private Transportation…………………….

2.2 Destination Of Public Transportation & Private Transportation…………………….

2.3 Benefit Of Public Transportation & Private Transportation…………………………

2.4 General Type Of Public Transportation & Private Transportation…………………..

2.5 Disadvantages Of Public Transportation & Private Transportation………………….

2.6 Advantages Of Public Transportation & Private Transportation…………………….

2.7 Difference Public Transportation & Private Transportation…………………………

2.8 Provision on chsoosing Public Transportation vs Private Transportation…………..

CHAPTER III…………………………………………………………………………………….

CLOSING………………………………………………………………………………………...

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………...

SUGGESTION……………………………………………………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………...

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PAPER

Transportation is a supporter of urban community activities that functions toassisting

community mobilization activities from the place of origin to the destination, which can be
reached with means of transportation or without means of transportation. There are three types of
modes used for meet the needs of transportation services, namely land, sea and air modes. In To
serve the needs of transportation services within the city, the land mode is used, namely the rail
mode (train), road modes (city buses and city transportation) and other paratransit modes states
that transportation modes are divided into 2, Public transportion and Private transportation.

Along with the development of urban areas, the demand for transportation increasesThe need
for community movement is increasing. requestTransportation is the large number of
transportation services needed to transport peopleor goods from a location or region. Currently,
many cities are experiencing the process transformation. These changes tend to be caused by
increasingly intensive activities in urban. The growth of peripheral areas into new urban areas is
certainly independent of its dependence on the core city. This has a big influence on the
transportation sector, namely the number of trips increases and the length of trips tends to be
high

Transportation has become a public interest. Roletransportation has such a big impact on the
economy, social and politicscreate frequent interests between government, society and the
private sectorclash. The community as users of public services needs itdecent public
transportation, but the government cannot provide it proper public transport. Private vehicles
offered byThe private sector is the answer to society's needs regarding transportation although on
the other hand there are private companies that provide services public transport with good
quality. Conflict of interest in transportation, thus giving rise to interest dominate and
marginalized interests.
1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is meant by public transportation & private transportation?

2. What is the purpose of public transportation & private transportation?

3. What are the benefits of public transportation & private transportation?

4.What is general type of public transportation & private transportation?

5. What are the advantages of public transportation & private transportation?

6. What are the disadvantages of public transportation & private transportation?

7. Difference between private vehicles & public transportation?

1.3 Purpose of writing a paper

1.increase readers' understanding of the differences between the two

2. know the clear definition and characteristics that differentiate public transportation from
private vehicles

3. Know the advantages and disadvantages of private vehicles

4. Can find out a direct comparison between public transportation and private vehicles
 CHAPTER 11

DISCUSSION

2.1 UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE

TRANSPORTATION

A.PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Public transportation is a passenger transportation service by a group travel system that is

available for use by the general public, usually managed according to a schedule, operated on a
set route, and charged for each trip.

Public transportation modes include city buses, trams (or light rail) and trains, fast trains
(metro,subway,underground, etc.) and ferries. Public transportation between cities is dominated
by airlines, intercity buses, trains and intercity trains. High-speed rail networks are being
developed in many parts of the world. Most public transport systems run along fixed routes with
stopping points on pre-arranged schedules. Share taxis offer on-demand services in many parts of
the world, and some services will wait until the vehicle is full before the taxi departs.

Urban public transportation is very different in Asia, North America, and Europe. In Asia,
private and public mass transit, driven by profit, and real estate conglomerates largely operate
public transport systems. In North America, municipal transit authorities most often run mass
transit operations. In Europe, where both state-owned and private companies predominantly
operate mass transport systems, public transport services can be profit-driven using distance-
based fares or funded by government subsidies where flat rate fares are charged to each
passenger.

B.PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

Private vehicles are vehicles owned by individuals or families for personal purposes, such as
daily travel, vacations, or other activities. Personal vehicles can be cars, motorbikes, or other
types of vehicles used by individuals or families without commercial purposes. These private
vehicles are usually used to meet personal mobility needs and provide comfort and flexibility
when traveling.

Private transportation is different from public transportation, and non-public commercial

transportation. Although private transport can be used alongside almost any mode of public
transport, private carriages are rarely used (e.g. royal trains), although heritage railways are not.
In contrast to many forms of public transportation, which may be government subsidized or
operated by privately owned commercial organizations for mass or general purposes, the entire
cost of private transportation is borne directly or indirectly by the individual user. However,
some experts argue that it is incorrect to say that these costs are borne by individual users
because a large (and often dominant) portion of private transportation costs is the cost of the
infrastructure on which individual travel depends. Therefore they also work with a quasi-private
mobility model.

2.2 DESTINATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE

TRANSPORTATION

A.DESTINATION PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

The aim of public transportation is to facilitate efficient, safe and comfortable public
transportation for the community. Public transportation aims to transport many passengers at one
time, thereby reducing the number of private vehicles operating on the road. Apart from that, the
purposes of public transportation also include:

1. Improve accessibility: Public transportation is designed to cover various routes and schedules
so that people can easily access important places such as workplaces, schools, shopping centers,
hospitals and tourist attractions.

2. Reduce congestion: By increasing the use of public transportation, the number of private
vehicles operating on the highway can be reduced. This can reduce traffic congestion and make
travel times more efficient for all road users.

3. Reduce air pollution: More efficient and environmentally friendly public transportation, such
as electric buses or trains, can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution produced
by motorized vehicles. This is important to maintain good air quality and protect the
environment.

4. Reduce transportation costs: Using public transportation can reduce transportation costs for
the community. The costs of operating and maintaining private vehicles can be very high, while
public transport tickets are often more affordable and there are various fares available to suit
people's needs.

5. Increase safety and comfort: Public vehicles have strict safety standards and are equipped with
various safety features such as CCTV, crash sensors and early notification if there is a problem
with the vehicle. Apart from that, public transportation is also designed to provide comfort for
passengers with facilities such as air conditioning, comfortable seats and sufficient space.

By meeting these goals, public transportation can be an effective solution in overcoming urban
transportation problems, such as congestion, pollution, and limited accessibility.

B. DESTINATION PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

There are several main purposes for having a private vehicle, including:

1. Greater mobility: One of the main purposes of having a private vehicle is to increase mobility.
By having a private vehicle, a person can get to their destination faster and more easily without
having to rely on public transportation or arrange a schedule with other people.

2. Convenience and flexibility: Private vehicles provide comfort and flexibility as owners can
customize the trip according to their needs. They don't have to worry about public transportation
rules and schedules or face crowds of other people.

3. Economy and time efficiency: Although purchasing and maintaining a private vehicle can be
expensive, for some people, owning a private vehicle can be more economical and efficient in
the long run. They do not need to pay daily costs for public transportation or taxis, and can save
travel time by avoiding traffic jams or waiting times at public transportation stops.
4. Privacy and security: Having a private vehicle also provides privacy and security. Vehicle
owners can have complete control over their own environment and feel safer in their own
vehicle, especially at night or in emergency situations.

However, owning a private vehicle also has some negative consequences such as high costs,
increasing air pollution, and the growth of heavy traffic. Therefore, it is important to consider the
impact thoroughly before deciding to own a private vehicle.

2.3 BENEFIT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

A. BENEFIT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Public transportation, such as buses and trains, offers various benefits to society, including
saving time, saving expenses, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Following are some of the
benefits of public transportation:

1.Save Expenses: Public transportation fares are generally cheaper than private vehicles, saving
time and money.

2.Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Using public transportation can reduce greenhouse gas
emissions because it is more environmentally friendly.

3.Safety and Continuity: Public transport offers better safety and continuity than private vehicles.

4.Self-Discipline: Public transportation can help improve discipline by adapting public service.

5.Reducing Congestion Levels: Using public transportation can reduce congestion levels on
cross-city trips.
6.Building Relationships: Public transportation is a meeting place for various people, such as
potential clients, colleagues, or new friends.

7.Fuel Efficiency: Public transportation is more fuel efficient than private vehicles.

B. BENEFIT PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

Private vehicles have several benefits including:

1. Reduce the risk of inhaling air pollution from exhaust fumes.

2. Provides flexibility in determining travel schedules, having routes according to our wishes and
stopping wherever we want.

4. Save time because you don't have to wait for public transportation or transportation to arrive.

5. Save costs because you don't have to pay public transportation costs.

However, the use of private vehicles can also have negative impacts such as traffic congestion,
air pollution and higher costs compared to public transportation Therefore, the choice of
transportation mode must consider factors such as time, distance, efficiency, cost, safety and
comfort.

2.4 GENERAL TYPE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE

TRANSPORTATION

A. TYPE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

The types of public transportation are as follows:

1. Bus: A large vehicle used to transport large numbers of passengers on certain routes.

2. Train: A vehicle that runs on rails and is used to transport passengers and goods between cities
or between countries.

3. Ships: Vehicles that sail on water and are used for transportation between islands or between
countries.
4. Ferry: A vehicle used to transport vehicles and passengers across certain waters, usually
between islands.

5. Cruise ship: A ship used for recreation and tourism purposes, with complete accommodation
and entertainment facilities.

6. City transportation: Public vehicles that operate within the city and are used to transport
passengers within the city limits.

7. Taxi: A vehicle operated by an individual or company and used to transport passengers to their
dsired destination.

8. Ojek: Motorized vehicles used to transport passengers in urban areas over short distances.

9. Travel: Vehicles used to serve inter-city travel with a limited number of passengers.

10. Airplane: Air vehicles used for long-distance travel, both within the country and between
countries.

B. TYPE PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

Based on the search results, here are several types of private vehicles commonly used in
Indonesia:

1.Bicycle: A one-wheeled vehicle used for high speed and efficiency in transporting one person.

2.Delman: A land vehicle used as a popular economy option. Although earlier than motorbikes,
wagons are still used by many people in urban and rural areas.

3.Motorcycle: A two-wheeled vehicle that offers greater power than a bicycle, but is still
efficient in transporting one person.

4.Rickshaw: A vehicle used as a very popular economic option in rural areas. Rickshaws have a
larger capacity than bicycles and can carry more than one person.

5.Bajaj: A land vehicle that has a larger capacity than a rickshaw and can carry more people.
Bajaj is often used for daily activities and long distance travel.

6.Car: A land vehicle that has a larger capacity than a bus and can carry many people. Cars are
often used for traveling long distances and large activities.
2.5 DISADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION &PRIVATE
TRANSPORTATION

A.DISADVANTAGES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Some frequently noted disadvantages of public transportation include:

a.Schedule bound: Public transportation users must follow a predetermined departure and arrival
schedule.

b.Congestion: Public transportation is also prone to getting stuck in traffic jams, which can affect
travel times

c.Lack of Privacy: Public transportation users may experience a lack of privacy during travel.

When considering the use of public transportation, it is important to pay attention to both the
advantages and disadvantages, and adapt it to individual preferences and needs.

B.DISADVANTAGES PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

Some of the disadvantages of private vehicles include:

a.Additional Costs: Using a private vehicle requires additional costs such as fuel, parking and
routine maintenance.

b.Environmental Impact: Private vehicles contribute to air pollution and climate change.

c.Congestion: Using private vehicles can also cause or get stuck in traffic jams.

When considering the use of private vehicles, it is important to pay attention to both the
advantages and disadvantages, and consider the overall impact.

2.6 ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE

TRANSPORTATION

A.ADVANTAGES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

.Some of the advantages of public transportation that are often noted include:
1.More Economical: Using public transportation can be more economical because it reduces fuel,
parking and vehicle maintenance costs

2.Improves Health: Walking from a bus stop or station to your destination can improve your
health due to the physical activity involved

3.Fuel Efficiency and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Using public transportation can help
fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, making it more environmentally friendly

By paying attention to these advantages, using public transportation can be a good choice for
daily travel.

B.ADVANTAGES PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

Some of the advantages of private vehicles that are often noted include:

1.Time Flexibility: Private vehicle users have the flexibility to determine their travel schedule
according to their wishes

2.Ease of Movement: With a private vehicle, one does not need to worry about the distance from
the parking lot to the destination or need to transport goods, thereby providing ease of movement

3.Privacy: Private vehicle users can enjoy privacy and comfort that cannot be found in public
transportation

By considering these advantages, the use of private vehicles can provide a travel experience that
is more tailored to individual preferences

2.7 DIFFERENCE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

Public transportation is a mode of transportation provided by the government for use by the
general public, such as buses, trains and city transportation. They have fixed schedules and
predetermined routes. On the other hand, private vehicles are vehicles owned and used by
individuals or families, such as private cars and motorbikes. They provide flexibility and
convenience, but also cause problems such as congestion and air pollution. Using private
vehicles also requires higher costs, including fuel, maintenance and parking.

Public transportation, such as buses and trains, is provided by the government for use by the
general public. They have fixed schedules and predetermined routes. On the other hand, private
vehicles, such as cars and motorbikes, owned and used by individuals or families, provide
flexibility and convenience, but also cause problems such as congestion and air pollution.

2.8 PROVISIONS ON CHOOSING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION VERSUS PRIVATE

TRANSPORTATION

The decision to choose a better transportation is a private transportation.Choose private

transportation because of flexibilitiy,comfort and safety.private transportation allow mobility at
any time, more effeciently when treveling with family.Private transportation offer flexibility in
terms of travel times and destinations,so individuals can avoid the constraints of public
transportation schedules.Apart from that,some people think that using a private transportation
can be more cost effective,especially considering the convenience and time savings.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

CONCLUSION

Efficient public transport can reduce congestion, greenhouse gas emissions and pressure on road
infrastructure. However, it is important to understand that private vehicles still have a role to
play in everyday life, and a holistic solution involves good integration of public transport and the
development of sustainable vehicles. In overcoming mobility challenges, there needs to be
collaboration between government, the private sector and society. public transportation and
private transportation can cover the importance of developing public transportation to reduce
congestion and environmental impacts, while considering individual mobility needs. There needs
to be a balanced and sustainable policy to achieve an efficient and environmentally friendly
transportation system.

SUGGESTION

Public transportation and private vehicles can be used as a means of transportation for users who
want to travel, therefore public transportation can be interpreted as users of the general public
who do not have private transportation while private vehicles can be used at any time. So we as
humans must be able to use public transportation and private transportation as best as possible.

if using public transportation is proven to reduce monthly costs, then this option might be a
promising alternative, but if it turns out to be much more expensive, then you can choose to take
a private vehicle. Don't forget to also consider the comfort aspect, as well as which vehicle
choice can take you to your destination more quickly.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportasi_umum

https://blog.jinjjawash.com/5-manfaat-memiliki-kendaraan-pribadi/

https://blog.cove.id/transportasi-umum-vs-pribadi/

https://yoursay.suara.com/lifestyle/2022/08/10/175105/4-kekurangan-memiliki-kendaraan-
pribadi

https://www.zurich.co.id/id-id/blog/articles/2019/09/7-keuntungan-menggunakan-transportasi-
umum-yang-perlu-anda-ketahui

https://kids.grid.id/read/472504911/jenis-jenis-angkutan-umum-yang-digunakan-di-darat-laut-
dan-udara?page=all

https://idartikel.com/kelebihan-dan-kekurangan-menggunakan-transportasi-umum/

https://naikapa.com/artikel/transportasi-umum-vs-kendaraan-pribadi/
https://economy.okezone.com/read/2016/03/22/320/1342862/masyarakat-harus-tahu-beda-
angkutan-umum-dan-kendaraan-pribadi