HOW INFECTION IS PREVENTED AND CONTROLLED

Vaccination: Vaccines are highly effective in preventing infectious diseases by stimulating the
immune system to produce antibodies that provide protection against specific pathogens.
Vaccination programs help to reduce the incidence and severity of infections.

Hand hygiene: Proper hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the transmission of pathogens. Regular
handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers can
effectively remove and kill microorganisms on the hands.

Respiratory hygiene: Practicing good respiratory hygiene is important in preventing the spread of
respiratory infections. Covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or the elbow when coughing or
sneezing can minimize the release of respiratory droplets containing infectious agents into the air.

Safe food handling: Following appropriate food safety practices is vital in preventing foodborne
illnesses. This includes thorough cooking of food, avoiding cross-contamination, practicing good
personal hygiene while handling food, and ensuring proper storage and refrigeration.

Environmental cleaning: Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and objects help to eliminate
or reduce the presence of infectious agents. Cleaning protocols should be in place for frequently
touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and countertops.

Personal protective equipment (PPE): The use of personal protective equipment, such as masks,
gloves, gowns, and goggles, is crucial in preventing the transmission of infections. Healthcare
workers and individuals in high risk,settings should wear appropriate personal protective equipment
to protect themselves and others.

Isolation and quarantine: Isolation involves separating individuals with infectious diseases from
those who are healthy to prevent the spread of infections. Quarantine restricts the movement of
individuals who may have been exposed to a contagious disease, preventing further transmission.

Public health measures: Public health interventions play a significant role in preventing and
controlling infections. These include contact tracing to identify and isolate individuals who have been
in contact with infected individuals, surveillance to monitor the spread of infections, and health
education campaigns to promote awareness and preventive measures.

Antibiotic stewardship: The appropriate and responsible use of antibiotics is essential in preventing
the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotics should only be prescribed when
necessary and taken as directed to prevent the spread of resistant infections.

Protection of immunocompromised individuals: Special attention should be given to individuals with

weakened immune systems, as they are more susceptible to infections. Vaccination, strict hygiene
practices, and limiting exposure to sick individuals are crucial in protecting their health.