FUNCTIONS

1) Which of the following relations on set “A” is a function A = { a,b,c,d } ?

a) R1 = { (a,b) (b,c) (a,c) (c,d) } c) R3 = { (a,c) (b,c) (c,c) (d,c) }

b) R2 = { (a,a) (b,b) (c,c) } d) None of the above

Sol: Option: (C)

A: R1 = { (a,b) (b,c) (a,c) (c,d) }

In this we have elements a,b,c,d. For a we have image b, for b we have c,

again for a we have c. here we have two images for a so it is not a function.

B: R2 = { (a,a) (b,b) (c,c) }

For above relations we have images for a,b,c but we don’t have image for d. so
this is not a function.

C: R3 = { (a,c) (b,c) (c,c) (d,c) }

For above relation, we have images for a,b,c,d. So this is a function

2) If |A| = 5 , |B| = 3 , then number of onto functions from A to B ?
a) 35 b) 150 c) 29 d) 27
Sol: Option: (B)
Given, m=5 , n=3

Number of onto function = 𝑛𝑚 − 𝑛𝑐1(𝑛 − 1)𝑚 + 𝑛𝑐2(𝑛 − 2)𝑚 − 𝑛𝑐3(𝑛 − 3)𝑚 +

𝑛𝑐4(𝑛 − 4)𝑚
= 35 – 3c1(2)5 + 3c2 (1)5 – 3c3 (0)5

= 243 – 3x32 + 3x1

= 150
3) Find the inverse of function 𝑓(𝑥) = x 3 + 3 ?

a) X1/3 b) (x + 3)1/3 c) (x – 3)1/3 d) x3

Sol: Option: (C)

Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = x 3 + 3
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = y, x = 𝑓 −1 (𝑦)
 Y = x3 + 3
 Y – 3 = x3

 (Y – 3)1/3 = x

 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = (Y – 3)1/3

Similarly, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (x – 3)1/3

4) If f : A –> B is a Surjective then
a) No two elements of A have the same image in B
b) Every element of A has an image in B
c) Every element of B has atleast one pre- image in A
d) A and B are finite non empty sets
Sol: Option: (C)
By the definition of onto, if every element of co-domain has to have one pre-image
in its domain.
5) f : N –> N defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4x + 3 then f is ?
a) One – one only b) Onto only c) Bijection d) Neither one – one (nor) onto
Sol: Option: (A)

Let f (x1) = f (x2)

4x1 + 3 = 4x2+ 3

4x1 = 4x2

x1 = x2 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is one – one

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = y
 𝑦 = 4x + 3
 Y – 3 = 4x
 X = (y-3)/4

 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = (y-3)/4 ∉ N ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not onto

6) Let f : R –> R is a function defined as, 𝑓(𝑥) = bx 2 , x ∈ R, b ≠ 0, then which of the following
is true ?
a) F is invertible c) F is onto but not one – one
b) F is one – one but not onto d) Data insufficient
Sol: Option: (B)

Let x1, x2 ∈ R, f (x1) = f (x2)

 b x12 = b x22

 x12 = x22

 x1 = x2 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not one – one

Let y ∈ R, such y = 𝑓(𝑥) = bx 2

∴ x = (1/b)(y)1/2
Given y ∈ R their exits same x = (1/b)(y)1/2

Such that 𝑓(𝑥) = y ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not onto

Hence f is invertible
7) Let f : R –> R is a function defined as, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2x + 7, which of the following defines
inverse of f ?

a) X + 7/2 b) X - 7/2 c) ½ (x – 7) d) f-1 doesn’t exist

Sol: Option: (C)

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = y
 Y = 2x + 7
 Y – 7 = 2x
 X = (y – 7)/2

 f-1(y) = (y – 7)/2

Similarly, f-1(x) = (x – 7)/2

8) Let f: Z+ –> Q is a mapping from set of positive integers to the set of complex numbers,
x
defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = , x ∈ z+ then which of the following is true ?
2x+1

a) f is a bijective mapping
b) f is a injective but not surjective mapping
c) f is a not injective but surjective mapping
d) f is neither injective nor surjective
Sol: Option: (B)

Let, x1 x2 ∈ z+, f (x1) = f (x2)

𝑋1 𝑋2
=
2𝑥1+1 2𝑥2+1

2 x1 x2 + x1 = 2 x1 x2 + x2

x1 = x2 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is one – one

Now Z ∈ Q , let m be the pre-image of -z

𝑚
 - Z = f(m) = 2𝑚+1

 -um-z = m

 m = -z/5 ∉ z+ ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not surjective

9) Suppose X and Y are sets and |X| and |Y| are their respective cardinalities. It is given
that there are exactly 92 functions from X to Y. From this we conclude that
a) |X| = 1, |Y| = 92 c) |X| = 92, |Y| = 92
b) |X| = 92, |Y| = 1 d) None of the above

Sol: No. of functions from A to B is given by nm

Here n = 92 , m = 1

No. of functions = 92 I = 92
10) Let A = { a,b,c,d }, B = { p,q.r.s } dentore sets R : A –> B, R is a function from A to B. Then
which of the following relations are not functions ?
(i) { (a,p) (b,q) (c,r) }
(ii) { (a,p) (b,q) (c,s) (d,r) }
(iii) { (a,p) (b,s) (b,r) (c,q) }
a) (i) and (ii) only b) (ii) and (iii) only c) (i) and (iii) only d) None of these
Sol: Option: (C)
Explanation:
(i) Is not a function since the element d(∈A) is not related to any element in B.
(iii) Is not a function in since b(∈A) is associated with two different elements of B.
11) The power set of A = { Φ, { Φ }, { { Φ } },{ { { Φ } } }, 5} consists of no. of elements
a) 16 b) 15 c) 32 d) 31
Sol: Options: (C)

No. of elements in power set = 2n

= 25

= 32

GROUP
12) Let A = { 1,2,3,4,…….∞ } and a binary operation ‘+’ is defined by a + b = ab ∀ a,b
∈ A. Which of the following true ?
a) ( A,+ ) is a semi group but not monoid
b) ( A,+ ) is a monoid but not group
c) ( A,+ ) is a group
d) ( A,+ ) is not a semi group

Sol: Option: (B)

Given, A = { 1,2,3,4,…….∞ }

A: ( A,+ ) to be semi group, it has to satisfy Closure property & Associative

property

Closure:

Given, a + b = ab => 1 + 2 = 3

2+3=5

So what ever value we take for a,b their ab value belongs to A so it

satisfies closure.

Associative: I n order to satisfy associative property it needs to hold

( a + b) + c = a + ( b + c )

Checking:
 ( a + b) + c = a + ( b + c )

ab + c = a + bc

abc = abc

So for all values for a,b,c associative property satisfies

Monoid:

a + e = e + a = a, ∀ a ∈ A

ae = a

e=1

Identity element is 1, so A is monoid.

Group:

a+b=b+a=e

It doesn’t satisfy the property because for all values of a,b it is not equal to
e. So it not a group.

13) Let A is set of all integers and a binary operation ‘*’ is defined by a * b = max
(a,b) then (A, * ) is ?
a) Abelian group b) Group c) Semi group d) Monoid

Sol: Option: (C)

a * b = max (a,b)

for instance, if we take

1*10 = max (1,10) = 10

-1*5 = max (-1,5) = 5

So for every value of a,b result belongs to A. so it satisfies closure property

∴ it is algebraic structure

Semi group: To be semi group, it should satisfy (a*b)*c = a*(b*c)

 (a*b)*c = a*(b*c)
 max ( a,b ) * c = a* max ( b,c )
 max ( a,b,c ) = max ( a,b,c )

∴ It satisfies for all values of a,b,c. It is semi group.

Monoid: To be monoid, it should satisfy a x e = a

For every value of a, e should be constant. But e cannot be constant

as it changes for some values. For instance if we assume e = 50, Monoid
satisfies for all values of a < 50 but for a > 50 it doesn’t satisfy. So it is not
monoid but it is a semi group.
14) Which of the following is a group ?
a) { 1,2,3,4,5 } w.r.t (*)6
b) { 0,1,2,3,4,5 } w.r.t (+)6
c) { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 } w.r.t (*)11
d) { 1,2,3,4,5,6 } w.r.t (+)7

Sol: Option: ( B,C )

Explanation:

A: { 1,2,3,4,5 }

In case of multiplication mode, elements needs to be present

which are relatively prime to 6; But in given set of elements 2,3 are given which
are not relatively prime to 6. It is not group

B: { 0,1,2,3,4,5 }

In case of addition mode, elements needs to be present are 0

to m-1.

Given set of elements is a group because addition of two numbers

given you the number which belongs to given set.

C: Given set { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 } is a group because all the elements

present are less than 11 & relatively prime to 11.

D: { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }

In case of additional mode, elements needs to be present are 0

to m-1. Given set of elements “0” is missing so it is not group.

15) If G = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 } is a group with respect to (*)7 which of the following is not
true ?
a) Inverse of 3 is 2 c) Inverse of 5 is 4
b) Inverse of 2 is 3 d) Inverse of 4 is 2

Sol: Option: ( a,b,c )

By composition table :

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1 2 3 4 5 6

2 2 4 6 1 3 5

3 3 6 2 5 1 4

4 4 1 5 2 6 3

5 5 3 1 6 4 2

6 6 5 4 3 2 1
 From the above composition table

Inverse of 1 is 1

Inverse of 2 is 4

Inverse of 3 is 5

Inverse of 4 is 2

Inverse of 5 is 3

Inverse of 6 is 6

16) G = ( { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 }, (*)11 ) which of the following are not subgroup of G.

a) H1 = { 1,2,7 } b) H2 = { 2,4 } c) H3 = { 1,2,3,4,5 } d) All of the above

Sol: A: Order of G, O ( G ) = 10

H1 = { 1,2,7 }

Order of H1 is 3. It is not a subgroup of H1 because 3 cannot divide 10.

B: O ( G ) = 10

H2 = { 2,4 }

O ( H2 ) = 2

Since 2 divides 10, It may be subgroup of G.

By the compositon table :

2 4

2 4 (8)

8 when we divide with 10 gives 8 as output which is not present in H2

∴ It is not a subgroup

C: H3 = { 1,2,3,4,5 }

O ( G ) = 10

O ( H3 ) = 5

∴ 5 divides 10. It may be Subgroup

 By the compositon table :

1 2 3 4 5

1 1 2 3 4 5

2 2 4 6 8

Since 6,8 are not in H3. Therefore it is not a subgroup.

17) Let (G,*) be cyclic group of order 36 with generator a. then find number of
generator a. then find the number of generators in G?
a) 9 b) 6 c) 12 d) 15

Sol: Explanation:

Φ (36) = 62 Φ ( Pn ) = Pn - Pn-1

= (2*3)2

= 22 * 32

= (22 * 21) X (32 * 31)

= 2*6 = 12

No. of generators = 12

18) If * is a binary operation 2 defined by a*b = a+b+2 ∀ a,b ∈ 2 their identity element
in the group (Z,*) is
a) 0 b) 1 c) -2 d) 2

Sol: Option: (C)

Explanation:

For identity element in (G,*)

 a*e = a
 a+b+z = a
 b+z = 0
 b = -2
19) If G = { -1,0,1 } then (G,*) is ( where * is usual multiplication )
a) Semi group b) Monoid c) Group d) Commutative group

Sol: Option: (B)

Explanation:
 G = { -1,0,1 } (G,*)

In order to be algebraic structure, it should satisfy algebraic structure, it

should satisfy closure property. It states that result of multiplication of any 2
elements belongs to same set.

Here given set satisfies to closure property. For satisfying associative property,
it should satisfy ( a X b ) X c = a X ( b X c )

From the given set

(aXb)Xc=aX(bXc)

(-1 X 0) X 1 = -1 X (0X1)

0=0

It satisfies associative property ( so it is semi group)

Identity Element:

a*e = a

e = 1 It is monoid

Group:

-1 0 1

-1 1 0 -1

0 0 0 0

1 -1 0 1

For “ 0 “ we have no inverse. So it is not group

20) For the composition table of a cyclic group show

* a b c d

a a b c d

b b a d c

c c d b a

d d c a b

which one of the following is correct ?

a) a,b are generators c) c,d are generators

b) b,c are generators d) d,a are generators

Sol: Option: (C)

 Explanation:

If an element is generator, all elements must be obtained as powers of

that element checking one by one to see which are generators

a=a

a2 = a.a = a (f is figure)

a3 = a. a2 = a and so on….

∴a is not a generator

b=b

b2 = b.b = a

b3 = b. b2 = b.a = b

b4 = b. b3 = b.b = a and so on….

∴b is not a generator

c=c

c2 = c.c = b

c3 = c. c2 = b.c = d

c4 = c. c3 = d.c = a and so on….

∴c is a generator

d=d

d2 = d.d = b

d3 = d. d2 = b.d = c

d4 = d. d3 = a.c.d = a and so on….

∴b is a generator

∴ (c,d) are generators.

21) G = { 1,2,4,7,8,11,13,14 } is a group under multiplication modulo 15. The inverse of

13 and 8 are respectively.
a) 7 and 2 b) 4 and 8 c) 11 and 4 d) 2 and 7

Sol: Option: (A)

 By composition table

1 2 4 7 8 11 13 14

1 1 2 4 7 8 11 13 14

2 2 4 8 14 1 7 11 13

4 4 8 1 13 2 14 7 11

7 7 14 13 4 11 2 1 8

8 8 1 2 11 4 13 14 7

13 13 11 7 1 14 8 4 2

14 14 13 11 8 7 4 2 1

Inverse of 13 is 7

Inverse of 8 is 2

22) Let S = { 0,3,6,9 } and ( S, (+)12 ) forms a group where (+)12 ; find value of (
0+3+6+9 )-1
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 0

Sol: Option: (B)

By composition table:

0 3 6 9

0 0 3 6 9

3 3 6 9 0

6 6 9 0 3

9 9 0 3 6

For additional modulo “ 0 “ is Identitive.

(0+3+6+9)-1 = (18%12)-1 = (6)^-1=(6)-1 = 6