IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Data
Tabel 1. Hasil Pengamatan Dengan Variasi Volume KCl 1,0 M

Nomor Volume 0,075 M Volume KCl 1,0 M Pembentukan endapan

Pencampuran Pb(NO3)2(mL) (mL) (sudah/belum)
1 10 0,50 Belum
2 10 1,00 Belum
3 10 1,50 Sudah
4 10 2,00 Sudah

Tabel 2. Penyiapan Larutan Dengan Variasi Suhu Kelarutan

Volume 0,075 M Volume KCl 1,0 Pembentukan endapan Suhu (°C)

Pb(NO3)2 (mL) M (mL) (sudah/belum)
10 1,5 Sudah 55
10 2,0 Sudah 60
10 2,5 Sudah 70
10 3,0 Sudah 75
10 3,5 Sudah 79

4.2 Perhitungan
A. Perhitungan Massa Pb(NO3)2 dan KCl
1. Massa Pb(NO3)2
Mr Pb(NO3)2 = 331,21 g/mol
M Pb(NO3)2 = 0,075 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 100 mL
0,075 M 1L 331 , 21 g /mol
Massa Pb (NO 3)2= X X 100 mL X
1L 1000 mL 1 mol
= 2,48 g
2. Massa KCl
Mr KCl = 74,5 g/mol
M KCl =1M
V KCl = 25 mL
1M 1L 74 , 5 g /mol
Massa KCl= X X 25 mL X
1 L 1000 mL 1 mol
= 1,86 g
B. Perhitungan Pembentukan Endapan
1. Terbentuknya endapan pada 1,5 mL KCl 1 M
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 1,5 mL
= 11,5 mL

V Pb ( NO 3 ) 2 . [ Pb ( NO 3 ) 2 ]
[Pb2+] =
V total
10 mL . 0,075 M
=
11, 5 mL
= 0,0652 M

V KCl . [ KCl ]
[Cl-] =
V total
1, 5 mL. 1.0 M
=
11 ,5 mL
= 0,1304 M
2. Terbentuknya 2 mL KCl 1 M
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 2 mL
= 12 mL

V Pb ( NO 3 ) 2 . [ Pb ( NO 3 ) 2 ]
[Pb2+] =
V total
10 mL . 0,075 M
=
12 mL
= 0,0625 M

V KCl . [ KCl ]
[Cl-] =
V total
2mL .1.0 M
=
12 mL
= 0,1667 M
C. Perhitungan Pelarutan Endapan
1. Penambahan 1,5 mL KCl 1 M
mmol Pb(NO3)2 = V Pb(NO3)2 . M Pb(NO3)2
 = 10 mL . 0,075 M
= 0,75 mmol
mmol KCl = V KCl . M KCl
= 1,5 mL . 1 M
= 1,5 mmol
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 1,5 mL
= 11,5 mL
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KCl PbCl2 + 2KNO3
m 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol - -
b 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

s - - 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

n PbCl 2 0 ,75 mmol
M PbCl2 = = = 0,0652 M
V total 11, 5 mL
PbCl2 Pb2+ + 2Cl-
Ksp = S x (2S)2
= 4S3
= 4. (0,0652)3
= 1,108 X 10-3
2. Penambahan 2 mL KCl 1 M
mmol Pb(NO3)2 = V Pb(NO3)2 . M Pb(NO3)2
= 10 mL . 0,075 M
= 0,75 mmol
mmol KCl = V KCl . M KCl
= 2 mL . 1 M
= 2 mmol
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 2 mL
= 12 mL
Pb(NO3)2+ 2KCl PbCl2 +2KNO3
M: 0,75 mmol 2 mmol - -
 b : 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

s: - 0,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

n PbCl 2 0 ,75 mmol
M PbCl2 = = = 0,0625 M
V total 12 mL

PbCl2 Pb2+ + 2Cl-

Ksp = S x (2S)2
= 4S3
= 4. (0,0625)3
= 0,976 X 10-3
3. Penambahan 2,5 mL KCl 1 M
mmol Pb(NO3)2 = V Pb(NO3)2 . M Pb(NO3)2
= 10 mL . 0,075 M
= 0,75 mmol
mmol KCl = V KCl . M KCl
= 2,5 mL . 1 M
= 2,5 mmol
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 2,5 mL
= 12,5 mL
Pb(NO3)2+ 2KCl PbCl2 + 2KNO3
M: 0,75 mmol 2,5 mmol - -
b : 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

s: - 1 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

n PbCl 2 0 ,75 mmol
M PbCl2 = = = 0,06 M
V total 12, 5 mL
PbCl2 Pb2+ + 2Cl-
Ksp = S x (2S)2
= 4S3
= 4. (0,06)3
= 0,864 X 10-3
4. Penambahan 3 mL KCl 1 M
mmol Pb(NO3)2 = V Pb(NO3)2 . M Pb(NO3)2
= 10 mL . 0,075 M
= 0,75 mmol
mmol KCl = V KCl . M KCl
= 3 mL . 1 M
= 3 mmol
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 3 mL
= 13 mL
Pb(NO3)2+ 2KCl PbCl2 + 2KNO3
M: 0,75 mmol 3 mmol - -
b : 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

s: - 1,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

n PbCl 2 0 ,75 mmol
M PbCl2 = = = 0,0577 M
V total 13 mL
PbCl2 Pb2+ + 2Cl-
Ksp = S x (2S)2
= 4S3
= 4. (0,0577)3
= 0,768 X 10-3
5. Penambahan 3,5 mL KCl 1 M
mmol Pb(NO3)2 = V Pb(NO3)2 . M Pb(NO3)2
= 10 mL . 0,075 M
= 0,75 mmol
mmol KCl = V KCl . M KCl
= 3,5 mL . 1 M
= 3,5 mmol
Volume total = V Pb(NO3)2 + V KCl
= 10 mL + 3,5 mL
= 13,5 mL
 Pb(NO3)2+ 2KCl PbCl2+ 2KNO3
M: 0,75 mmol 3,5 mmol - -
b : 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

s: - 2 mmol 0,75 mmol 1,5 mmol

n PbCl 2 0 ,75 mmol
M PbCl2 = = = 0,0555 M
V total 13 ,5 mL
PbCl2 Pb2+ + 2Cl-
Ksp = S x (2S)2
= 4S3
= 4. (0,0555)3
= 0,683 X 10-3
D. Regresi
1. Penambahan 2 mL KCl 1 M
T = 60°C + 273 = 333 K
X = 1/T = 1/333 K = 3 . 10-3
Y = log Ksp
= log 0,976 . 10-3
= -3,010
2. Penambahan 2,5 mL KCl 1 M
T = 70°C + 273 = 343 K
X = 1/T = 1/343 K = 2,915 . 10-3
Y = log Ksp
= log 0,864 . 10-3
= -3,063
3. Penambahan 3 mL KCl 1 M
T = 75°C + 273 = 348 K
X = 1/T = 1/348 K = 2,873 . 10-3
Y = log Ksp
= log 0,768 . 10-3
= -3,114
4. Penambahan 3,5 mL KCl 1 M
 T =79°C + 273 = 352 K
X = 1/T = 1/352 K = 2,841 . 10-3
Y = log Ksp
= log 0,683 . 10-3
= -3,165

Tabel Regresi

T(K) Ksp 1/T (1/K) log Ksp

333 0,976 X 10-3 3 . 10-3 -3,010
343 0,864 X 10-3 2,915 . 10-3 -3,063
348 0,768 X 10-3 2,873 . 10-3 -3,114
352 0,683 X 10-3 2,841 . 10-3 -3,165

X (1/T) Y (log Ksp) XY X2

3 . 10-3 -3,010 -9,03X 10-3 9 X10-6
2,915 . 10-3 -3,063 -8,929 X 10-3 8,497 X 10-6
2,873 . 10-3 -3,114 -8,946X 10-3 8,254 X 10-6
2,841 . 10-3 -3,165 -8,992 X 10-3 8,071 X 10-6
∑ X=11,629 X 10−3 ∑ Y =−1 2,352 ∑ XY =−35,897 X 10−3 ∑ X 2=33,822 X 10−6

X rata-rata = 2,907 X 10-3

Y rata-rata = -3,827

B=¿ ¿

¿ ( 4 .−35,897 X 10−3 )−¿ ¿

= 982,505
A = Y rata-rata - BX rata-rata
= -3,827- (982,505 . 2,907 X 10-3)
= -6,683
Y = A + BX
=-6,683 - 982,505X

E. Penentuan ΔH
−∆ H
B=
R X 2,303
 ΔH = -982,505 x(8,314 J/mol K) (2,303)
= - 18.812,16 J/mol K

4.3. Grafik Hubungan Suhu terhadap logaritma Ksp Larutan PbCl2

Hubungan Suhu (1/T) terhadap

logaritma Ksp Larutan PbCl2
-2.9
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
-2.95
-3
Log Ksp

f(x) = − 0.0516000000000001 x − 2.959

-3.05 R² = 0.9999098693105
-3.1
-3.15
-3.2
1/T