INDIAN SCHOOL WADI KABIR INTERNATIONAL

Digital Literacy: Grade 7

The effect of using IT & Python

Effects of IT on Employment

• IT led to unemployment in many areas.

o Manufacturing - robots have taken over many tasks and are much faster.
Example in welding car bodies, spray painting items and manufacturing circuit
boards.
o Computer controlled warehouses – automatic, does not need people.
o Labour intensive work - printing industry and filing.
• New jobs have been created in ICT
o Writing software
o Maintenance of robots
o Internet related jobs
Effects on People:
• People need to be retrained due to new technology.
• Cleaner working environment
• De-skilling of workforce
• Computers can now do tasks that required high skill level.
• Safer working environment
• Fewer manual tasks such as heavy lifting

Effect on Companies:
• Can employ less people.
• Robots do not take holiday, get sick or need breaks.
• Greater consistency in products made.
Negative impact of ICT on employment
• introduction of ICT to the workplace has led to redundancies of many employees which
can cause them to lose a source of income.
• skills such as filing and carrying out numerical analysis is effectively replaced by
sophisticated software.
Types of software that have impacted offices the most:
• Word processors:
o Possible to modify and update word documents.
o There’s no longer a requirement to store physical files on shelves and offices
which would take up space and make the office look messy and full.
o No longer a need for large office space to store documents.
o Documents are only printed out when required.
 o Reduced chances for loss of documents as all of them are stored on one
computer.
o This leads to need for fewer staff and increase in efficiency.
• Spreadsheets:
o can be used to calculate wage/salary slips.
o Calculations are easily done on this software.
o Spreadsheets are used to produce graphs for the analysis of situations.
o Usage of this software has led to reduction in staff.
o Staff no longer needed to calculate wages and salaries manually.
• Databases
o Updating personnel data (eg salary, home address, phone number etc) can be
done on databases regularly
o Staff records can be centralised in one database and data can be transferred
between sites.
o very quick and easy to use.
o This leads to reduced need for Human Resources staff however, Databases lead
to the need for remaining staff to be retrained to use the new technology.
Effects of IT on Working Patterns
• Part-time working: A contract where someone works fewer hours per week than a
full-time employee, in shifts.
• Flexible working (flexitime): Workers can choose their working time but will have to
complete the day’s work.
• Job sharing: Two or more part-time workers divide their job, replacing one full-time
worker.
• Compressed hours: Employees can work longer hours per day but over fewer days,
completing the workload sooner.
What is microprocessor?

A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is
included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of ICs. The microprocessor contains
the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer's
central processing unit.

Microprocessor-Controlled Devices in the Home

Positive effects Negative effects

Lead to more leisure time since devices

Unhealthy diets
can be programmed to do tasks

More time to socialize People become lazy and rely on devices

Becoming very sophisticated and can

Dependency on technology increases
make use of embedded web technology

More wasteful society since devices thrown

Save energy - switch off automatically
away if they fail, not economic to repair
 Positive effects Negative effects

Easier to program device rather than set

Leaving on standby wastes resources
timings & dates manually

Potential Health Problems

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
• This is when joints such as the shoulder, wrist or fingers swell, causing pain.
• Damage gets worse if left untreated.
• Can lead to hand/arm immobility.

Causes Prevention

Typing for extended periods of time Take periodic breaks

Typing with incorrect posture Use ergonomic keyboard & mouse

Clicking on mouse rapidly/extendedly Use a wrist rest

Holding mouse incorrectly Ensure sufficient space for comfortable work

Working in a cramped space

Back Problems
• Headaches are a potential consequence.
Causes Prevention

Not sitting upright while working Take periodic breaks

Sitting with poor posture Use adjustable chairs with good back support

Working in a cramped space Sit upright with good posture

Incorrect computer screen positioning Keep feet flat on floor

Eye Problems
• Headaches are a potential consequence.
Causes Prevention

Staring at a computer for extended periods of time Take periodic breaks

Working with poor room lighting Use TFT rather than CRT

Computer screen glare/flicker Use anti-glare screens

Dirt can cause eye strain Ensure good room lighting

No direct light on screen

Clean dirt
 PYTHON
What is Python?
Python is a very popular general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level
programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum during 1985- 1990. Like Perl, Python
source code is also available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Python Data Types

Python Data Types are used to define the type of a variable. It defines what type of data we are
going to store in a variable. The data stored in memory can be of many types. For example, a
person's age is stored as a numeric value and his or her address is stored as alphanumeric
characters.

• int (signed integers) - 2,3,4………

• float or real values (floating point real values) – 2.4,3.4,5.6………
• Character – char – ‘a’, ‘v’, ………
• String – “eleven”, “hello”, ….
• Boolean – True or false
Variable:
Variables are the reserved memory locations used to store values within a Python Program. This means
that when you create a variable you reserve some space in the memory.
A Python variable is created automatically when you assign a value to it. The equal sign (=) is used to
assign values to variables.
counter = 100 # Creates an integer variable
miles = 1000.0 # Creates a floating-point variable
name = "Zara Ali" # Creates a string variable

Printing Python Variables

Once we create a Python variable and assign a value to it, we can print it using print() function.
Following is the extension of previous example and shows how to print different variables in
Python:
counter = 100 # Creates an integer variable
miles = 1000.0 # Creates a floating-point variable
name = "Zara Ali" # Creates a string variable

print (counter)
print (miles)
print (name)

Algorithms:
Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure, which defines a set of instructions to be executed in a certain order
to get the desired output. Algorithms are generally created independent of underlying languages, i.e. an
algorithm can be implemented in more than one programming language.
How to Write an Algorithm?
There are no well-defined standards for writing algorithms. Rather, it is problem and resource
dependent. Algorithms are never written to support a particular programming code.

Example
Let's try to learn algorithm-writing by using an example.
• Problem − Design an algorithm to add two numbers and display the result.
step 1 − START
step 2 − declare three integers a, b & sum
step 3 − define values of a & b
step 4 − add values of a & b
step 5 − store output of step 4 to sum
step 6 − print sum
step 7 − STOP
Algorithms tell the programmers how to code the program. Alternatively, the algorithm can be
written as −
step 1 − START ADD
step 2 − get values of a & b
step 3 − sum ← a + b
step 4 − display sum
step 5 – STOP

Flowcharts
Flowcharts graphically represent the flow of a program. There are four basic shapes used in a flow
chart. Each shape has a specific use:

• oval: start / end

• parallelogram: input / output
• rectangle: calculations
• diamond: selection structures
Arrows connect the basic shapes in a flowchart. The shapes and arrows of a flowchart describe
the flow of a program from start to end. Flowcharts typically flow from the top to the bottom or
flow from the left to the right. Below is the description of a simple program:

The program starts. Then the program prints out "Output!". Finally, the program ends.

A flowchart that describes this simple program is shown.

The Python code that corresponds to this flowchart is:

# start
print("Output!")
# end

A description of a program that includes a calculation is below:

The program starts. Next, the program asks a user for a number. Two is added to the number.
Next, the resulting sum is printed. Finally, the program ends.

A flowchart that describes this program is is shown.

Program to add two numbers:

a=int (input (“enter first number:”))
b=int (input (“enter second number:”))
sum=a+b
Print (“sum:”, sum)
Reference:

https://znotes.org/caie/igcse/ict-0417/theory/the-effects-of-using-ict/

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_overview.htm

https://problemsolvingwithpython.com/08-If-Else-Try-Except/08.06-Flowcharts/