Title: A Case Study on the Construction of a Simple DC Gene

Oraya, Julius Vincent B.

Cornillez, Ma.Fe B.
Ortecio, Rheana Mae C.
Catucod, Baby Jane C.
Fiestas, Aundrea G.
Borbon, Mark Harold C.
Lentejas, Mark Jib N.
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Eastern Philippines
Northern Samar, Philippines

Abstract-

Keyword-Construction, Separately Excited DC Generator

speed. The internal characteristics shows the

I. INTRODUCTION
This paper will focus on the
construction of a Simple Separately-Excited
DC Generator. The DC Generator converts
mechanical power into electrical power. In
terms of operation, it has a field pole wherein it
is made of coils wounded in iron core and is
stationary. This produces magnetic line or flux
that is being cut by the armature coils. This
flux is produced by the filed coils that carries a
current. Moreover, that current in the field
windings produces a magnetic flux, and the
phenomenon is called excitation.
One of the classifications of DC
Generator is the Separately Excited DC
Generator. The generated voltage in the
armature is converted into the direct voltage at
the brushes with the help of Commutator.
There are three important characteristics of a
DC Generator: magnetization characteristics,
internal characteristics, external characteristics.
In magnetization characteristics omo-load
voltage varies with the current at a constant
curve between the voltage with a load current
at a constant speed.
In a separately excited DC generator,
form the word itself ‘separate’, it has a source
of DC power. This source is connected to the
field winding and can be a battery, a diode
rectifier. Using a prime mover, the speed of a
generator can be set at a constant speed.
An external characteristics ca be seen in
a separately excited DC Generator. It gives the
performance behavior of the DC generator. The
terminal voltage is measured for every load
that is applied to the generator and tabulated. A
graph is drawn between the terminal voltage
and load current which is known as external
characteristics. The graph of the said generator
shows that as load increases, the load current
also increases that will cause a drop voltage.
To obtain a load characteristic of a
separately excited DC generator, run the
armature at rated speed and close the switch.
By varying the load and filed current such that
current and speed remain constant but voltage
varies.
II. THEORITICAL
FRAMEWORK
This case study anchored on the
principles of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction. It states that “Whenever a conductor
is moved in the magnetic field, an emf is
induced and the magnitude of the induced emf
is directly proportional to the rate of charge or
flux linkage. This emf causes a current flow if
the conductor circuit is closed [1].1
According to Geoff Macangus – Gerard
(2018), DC generator for supplying ship
services is usually compound wound, i.e., there
are field winding connected to the output
terminals in both parallel and services to
provide a suitable generator load/voltage
output characteristic.2
In the study of E. Meissner (2019), in
the days of the DC generator, providing limited
current at engine idle speed, the battery to
bridge power very often, i.e., cycling and
excursions to low SoC, especially for vehicles
with additional electrical equipment like police
cars, or those needing illumination when
parked in dark streets at night. This might have
generated acid stratification, but this was not
much of a problem because of significant gas
evolution upon recharge in the old designs with
high-antimony grid alloys.3
According to the experiment prepared
by Makarand M. Kane (2015), in a separately
excited (S.E.) machine, the field winding is
connected to a separate voltage source while, in
1
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Theory-of-
Operation-of-DC-Generator_12779/
2
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385499-5.00008-x
3
E. Meissner, Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power
Sources, 2019
a self excited generator filed winding is
connected across the armature terminals
(provides its exciting current. In these
machines the required field current is a very
small fraction of the rated current (could be
around 2-3% of the current flowing in the
armature circuit at full load). Hence, the field
winding has a large number of turns with a thin
conductor.4
III. METHOLODOGY
A. General Procedure
This is the general procedure of the case
study:
Gather of Basic Information. The researchers
gathered basic information related to
Construction of Separately Excited DC
Generator and other relevant information
needed for the study.
Review of Literature. The researchers
conducted a thorough review of literature in the
internet to look for published journals that are
needed for the study. This help the researchers
to find the appropriate procedures suffice the
expected outcome of this case study.
According to Dobroskok & Mokhova
(2019), their paper discusses the possibility of
improving output current pulse pattern of
separately excited DC generator to obtain a
strong pulsing magnetic field. The generator
has a common shaft with its accelerating
synchronous motor and forms a part of heavy-
duty pulsing power supply in view of the non-
linear ties in the mathematical description of
the object, as well as due to wide variation
range of obtained current, their paper suggests
a variant of direct search-free non-linear
adaptive control system with the reference
model that will feature known growth functions
with signal turning algorithms, which will
4
Makarand M. Kane, Characteristic of DC Generator,
Research Scholar, 2015 batch.
provide for high fidelity reproduction of
software-defined pulse pattern.5
As what Manish Kumar Saini (2022)
said that a DC generator is an electrical
machine which converts mechanical energy I. RESULTS
into DC electrical energy. DC generators are II. CONCLUSION
classified into two types on the basis of their
methods of field excitation as follows:
Separately Excited DC Generator and Self-
Excited DC Generator. A separately excited
DC generator is the one whose field winding is
supplied by an independent external DC source
(like a battery). The magnitude of generated
voltage depends upon the speed of rotation of
armature and the field current, i.e. greater the
speed and the field current, higher is the
generated voltage. In practice, the separately
excited DC generators are rarely used.6
Design.
Circuit Diagram.
Construction of DC Generator
Testing and Simulation. The researchers will
now test the separately-excited generator
model and run various simulations. If the
testing and simulation meet the expected
outcome, the researches will proceed to the
Evaluation. Otherwise, the researches will go
back to the review of literature.
Evaluation.

B. Testing Procedures
The following are the testing procedures of
the case study, to wit:
1.

5
Dobroskok, Nikita & Mokhova, O. “Adaptive Control of
Separately Ecited DC Generator Working in Pulse
Mode”. Research Gate, September 2019.
6
Manish Kumar Sainai, “Types of DC Generator –
Separately Excited and Self-Excited DC Generators”.
August 30, 2022.